Infeksi Bean common mosaic virus pada Umur Tanaman Kacang Panjang yang Berbeda

Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is one of the most important virus infecting yard long bean because it can decrease yield and seed transmitted. The aims of research were to determine the effect of plant age infected by BCMV on seed transmission efficiency of the virus, as well as its effect on plant growth. BCMV was mechanically inoculated on yard long bean at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after planting (WAP). Observation was conducted for incubation period, disease incidence and severity, seed transmission efficiency of the virus, plant height, and productivity of the plants. Virus infection was detected using indirect ELISA method. The results showed that the earlier infection of BCMV occurred the shortest incubation period, the most severe symptoms, the highest inhibition of plant growth, and productivity. Disease severity was 94.6, 83.8, 81.1, and 69.6% on plants inoculated at 1, 2, 3, and 4 WAP, respectively. Disease incidence and virus titer was not affected by infection on different plant age. Seed transmission of BCMV was 7, 66, 39, and 24% on plants inoculated at 1, 2, 3, and 4 WAP, respectively. Infection on 2 WAP was considered the critical times for BCMV to be seed-borne on yard long bean

Identifikasi Virus Penyebab Penyakit Kuning Keriting pada Cabai di Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan

Cabai merah merupakan salah satu komoditas sayuran yang banyak digemari oleh masyarakat Indonesia baik sebagai bumbu dapur maupun pelengkap makanan. Tingkat produksi cabai merah masih berfluktuasi. Salah satu penyebabnya yakni adanya serangan Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi secara molekuler penyakit PepYLCV dan melaporkan keberadaan penyakit tersebut pada pertanaman cabai di Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan. Pengambilan sampel tanaman cabai dilakukan di tiga kecamatan berbeda di Kabupaten Gowa dimana cabai banyak ditanam. Sampel yang diambil selanjutnya diekstraksi yang dilanjutkan dengan proses PCR, sekuen nukleotida, dan analisis filogenetika. Gejala infeksi virus pada tanaman cabai yang ditemukan pada tiga kecamatan di Kabupaten Gowa adalah mosaik kuning dan hijau, daun menggulung, melengkung ke atas dan/atau ke bawah, dan tanaman kerdil. Keparahan penyakit dan kejadian penyakit PepYLCV di Kabupaten Gowa masing-masing 78% dan 44%. Gejala infeksi virus pada tanaman cabai positif terinfeksi Begomovirus dan hasil analisis sekuensing menunjukkan bahwa virus tersebut adalah PepYLCV. PepYLCV di Kabupaten Gowa memiliki kekerabatan yang dekat dengan PepYLCV Bali. Hasil penelitian ini merupakan laporan pertama keberadaan PepYLCV di Sulawesi Selatan

Pengaruh Pemberian Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Asal Akar Tanaman Bambu Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kecambah Padi: Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bamboo Roots on Rice Sprout Growth

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the food commodities that have an important role that is used as a staple food for most of the world's population, especially in Indonesia. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of the bioorganic fertilizer that can be used to stimulate plant growth. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of PGPR to support seed germination. The first step is to make PGRP from bamboo roots with 3 methods. PGPR was then tested to see the germination of rice seeds through the rolled paper test method. The provision of PGPR has little effect on the length of the root length of rice sprouts. The root length of the PGPR treatment is 10.68 cm while the control is 10.45 cm. This shows that the PGPR treatment has a fairly good impact on the development of sprouted rice roots. PGPR treatment has an effect on the wet and dry weight of roots and shoots of rice sprouts. The average wet and dry weight of the PGPR treatment were higher than the control treatment. PGPR is recommended to be given to obtain rice yields to obtain better quality and quantity of rice plants

Expression of Recombinant Sugarcane Streak Mosaic Virus Coat Protein Gene in Escherichia coli

AbstractSugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) is an important virus causing mosaic disease in sugarcane and transmitted through the cutting cane. Commercial antiserum to detect SCSMV and to monitor the disease development is not available. The research was conducted to produce antigen of SCSMV coat protein (SCSMV-CP) through overexpressing it on bacterial expression which will be used for antiserum production. SCSMV-CP was amplified using specific primers for CP gene containing BamHI and HindIII restriction enzyme sites and cloned into pTZ57R/T. Subsequently, the SCSMV-CP was subcloned into pET28a and transformed on Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and Rosetta-gami(DE3)pLysS. The concentration of isopropyl β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), incubation temperature, and bacterial harvesting time after IPTG induction were optimized. SCSMV-CP gene was successfully amplified with size ±855 bp, subcloned into vector expression, and expressed in insoluble fraction either in both bacterial host. Optimal protein expression of SCSMV-CP recombinant was obtained at 25°C with IPTG concentration 0.25–1.00 mM and harvested at 9–12 hours after IPTG induction in E. coli BL21(DE3), and at 30°C with IPTG concentration 0.25–1.00 mM and harvested 3–12 hours after IPTG induction in E. coli Rosetta(DE3)pLysS. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that protein size of SCSMV-CP recombinant was ±35.4 kDa

The Comparison of Three Different Methods on Extraction of Cigarette Butt as Natural Insecticide

Background: Cigarette butt could be used as an insecticide due to the present of alkaloid compounds in high yield, especially nicotine and eugenol. To maximize the extraction process of cigarette butt, the study related to the effect of extraction method to the effectivity of extraction process should be performed. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to identify the effect of extraction methods on the total yield and the nicotine and eugenol content of the extract of cigarette butt. Methods: In this study, maceration (CB-1), soxletation (CB-2), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) (CB-3) methods were conducted and compared the yield and the nicotine and eugenol content of the extracts by LC-MS. Results: The results showed that the extract CB-3 has the highest yield (26,77%), which compared to CB-1 and CB-2, which are 11.72% and 14.56%, respectively. Furthermore, the nicotine content of all extracts are 54.15%, 36.43%, and 48.51% for extract CB-1, CB-2, and CB-3, respectively, while eugenol content of CB-1, CB-2, and CB-3 are 5.09%, 6.35%, and 8.41%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that MAE method was more effective to extract the cigarette butt compared to maceration and soxletation method. This method was also reduced the time consuming and the volume of the solvent used in the extraction process which follow green chemistry rule. Thus, MAE method is potential to be used in extraction process of cigarette butt in order to produce a biopesticide