Identification and Antibiotic Resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae from Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Local Wet Markets

The existence of ethiology disease like Streptococcus agalactiae could be major problems in aquaculture field. In this study, investigations of red tilapia sold around local wet market were recorded. To detect the S. agalactiae in wet markets from disease potential and measure the antibiotic susceptibility test. Selected organs such as eyes, gills, heart and intestine were inoculated onto blood agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Morphology of S. agalactiae were Gram-positive, translucent pin point colony, and has oxidase and catalase negative. Eight isolates of S. agalactiae were confirmed using PCR. The isolates samples were susceptible to imipenem (10 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg) and nalidixic acid (30 µg). In contrast, they were resistance to ampicillin (10 µg), amoxicillin-clavulanic (20/10 µg), erythromycin (5 µg), neomycin (30 µg), norflaxacin (10 µg), streptomycin (10 µg) and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (1.25/23.5 µg). Furthermore, the occurrence of resistant isolates is a matter of public health concern

The Utilization of Taro Leaf Silage (Alocasiamacrorhiza) with Marine Yeast Inoculant in Feed of Tambaqui (Colossoma Macropomum)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of silage use sente leaves on feed efficiency and growth of freshwater pomfret (Colossoma macropomum). The method used in the study is an experimental method by using a completely randomized design (CRD) of the factors with 5 level treatment and 3 replications., With treatment P0 (100% TK: 0% DS), P1 (80% TK: 20% DS ), P2 (60% TK: 40% DS), P3 (40% TK: 60% DS), P4 (20% TK: 80 DS) and P5 (0% TK: 100% DS). The results showed the use of leaf sente 100% was significantly lower than soybean meal, meaning can not fully replace soybean meal. But yielded significant results on the growth and retention of fish protein with the addition of 20 and 40% soybean meal in feed freshwater pomfret (Colossoma macropomum). The best treatment is obtained on the use of silage flour sente leaves as much as 40% with an average daily growth rate of 3.98% and feed efficiency of 45.63%

Analysis of Broiler Chicken Demand Influencing Factors in Pematangsiantar City

Broiler chickens is a type of chicken that are able to grow and develop quickly. In addition, broiler chicken is one of favourite source of meat. The purpose of this research was to determined the affecting factors of demand of the broiler chicken meat demand in the Pematangsiantar city. The study was conducted in AprilJune 2018 using primary data. The method used in accidental sampling is respondent interview with purposive technique that analyzed by Multiple Linear Regression using SPSS 22 application tool. The results showed that broiler chicken demand in Pematangsiantar city was influenced simultaneously by broiler price, age, family member, family income, egg price, appetite level, and education level with R² = 0,51. The price of broiler chicken meat, age and the number of family members had a significant effected on the 95% confidence leve

Genesis of Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag Deposits Within Permian Carboniferous-Carbonate Rocks in Madina Regency, North Sumatra

DOI:10.17014/ijog.2.3.167-184Strong mineralized carbonate rock-bearing Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag-(Au) ores are well exposed on the Latong River area, Madina Regency, North Sumatra Province. The ore deposit is hosted within the carbonate rocks of the Permian to Carboniferous Tapanuli Group. It is mainly accumulated in hollows replacing limestone in the forms of lensoidal, colloform, veins, veinlets, cavity filling, breccia, and dissemination. The ores dominantly consist of galena (126 000 ppm Pb) and sphalerite (2347 ppm Zn). The other minerals are silver, azurite, covellite, pyrite, marcasite, and chalcopyrite. This deposit was formed by at least three phases of mineralization, i.e. pyrite and then galena replaced pyrite, sphalerite replaced galena, and pyrite. The last phase is the deposition of chalcopyrite that replaced sphalerite. The Latong sulfide ore deposits posses Pb isotope ratio of 206Pb/204Pb = 19.16 - 20.72, 207Pb/204Pb = 16.16 - 17.29, and 208Pb/204Pb = 42.92 - 40.78. The characteristic feature of the deposit indicates that it is formed by a sedimentary process rather than an igneous activity in origin. This leads to an interpretation that the Latong deposit belongs to the Sedimentary Hosted Massive Sulfide (SHMS) of Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT). The presence of SHMS in the island arc such as Sumatra has become controversial. For a long time, ore deposits in the Indonesian Island Arc are always identical with the porphyry and hydrothermal processes related to arc magmatism. This paper is dealing with the geology of Latong and its base metal deposits. This work is also to interpret their genesis as well as general relationship to the regional geology and tectonic setting of Sumatra

SUBSTITUTION OF HIJAAN WITH WASTE MEDIUM MEDIA FERMENTATION WHITE FERMENTATION WITH NON KARKAS PERCENTAGE IN LOCAL SHEEP

This study aims to determine whether the waste media plant white fermented oyster mushroom can substitute forage on sheep against non-carcass components are feasible eaten. This research was conducted in Namo Trasi Village, Pasar VIII, in October - December 2017 by using local sheep with average weight of 9 ± 0.25 kg. The research design used in this study was a complete randomized design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 5 replicates, consisting of P0 (60% non-wasted greenhouse vegetation fermentation + 40% concentrate), P1 (45% forage and waste) medium planting white oyster mushroom fermentation 15% + concentrate 40%), P2 (forage 30% and waste medium planting white oyster mushroom fermentation 30% + concentrate 40%) and P3 (forage 15% and sewage media plant white fermented oyster mushrooms 45% + 40% concentrate). The parameters observed were weight percentage of head, leg, skin, tail, trachea and lungs, liver, heart, blood, and gastrointestinal tract. The result of the research shows that the waste of fermented white oyster mushroom media can substitute forage as local sheep feed, but it can not increase the percentage of non-carcass component that is feasible to eat

Determination of Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Activities and GC-MS Analysis of Clinacanthus Nutans (Acanthaceae) in Different Locations

Clinacanthus nutans is an essential medicinal plant that had been used in various local remedies to treat many illnesses. A study had been conducted to determine the phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant activities and phytochemical compounds of C. nutans in different locations. C. nutans were harvested from eight locations and the leaves were extracted with 80 % methanol by maceration process. Then, the phytochemical screening using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), 2,2 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) assay method, total phenolic content by Folin Ciocalteu\u27s assay method and total flavonoid content by aluminium chloride (AlCl3) were carried out. The C. nutans extracts showed higher antioxidant activities than phenolic and flavonoid content. The neutral pH sandy clay soil from location KKK (Kuala Ketil, Kedah, Malaysia) had higher antioxidant activities (58.0 %), phenolic (44.1 mg GA.100 g-1) and flavonoid content (30.8 mg QE.100 g-1) compared to other locations. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of phytochemicals constituents of 20 compounds. The results revealed that environmental factors (light intensity, temperature and soil characteristics) of eight locations were responsible for variations of phenolic, flavonoids, antioxidants and GC-MS analysis in C. nutans. The findings of this study will provide baseline data for future breeding programs for commercial cultivation

Pre-treatment of laundry greywater by steel slag for safe disposal

Direct discharge of laundry greywater without any water pre-treatment in the drainage system has become a common practice in Malaysia. The study aimed to utilise steel slag as an adsorbent material for commercial laundry shop runoff (CLSR) to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP). Optimisation of the pollutants removal efficiency in CSLR by steel slag used Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using independent variables; different percentages of CLSR with tap water and contact time. The highest removal efficiency obtained for COD was 54.49% at 100% CLSR with tap water and 60 minutes of contact time. TP removal efficiency was 45.45% at 10% CLSR with tap water and 90 minutes of contact time. Thus, steel slag can increase the pH value, reducing the COD and TP values from CLSR in a short period. Hence, steel slag has the potential to be included in the “pre-treatment” system for CLSR based on its performance at COD and TP removal efficiency. From RSM, the model F�value and P-value for COD and TP were 5.89 and 10.62, 0.0166 and 0.0036, respectively. These values validated that the model was significant. Therefore, the study can contribute to the safe disposal of untreated laundry greywater to minimise environmental degradation

AKURASI METODE OBSERVASI TIDAK KEMBALI BERAHI (NON-RETURN TO ESTRUS) DAN ULTRASONOGRAPHY (USG) UNTUK DIAGNOSIS KEBUNTINGAN KAMBING PERANAKAN ETTAWAH

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui akurasi pemeriksaan kebuntingan dengan metode observasi tidak kembali berahi (non-return to estrus) dan ultrasonography (USG) pada kambing peranakan Ettawah (PE). Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 percobaan. Pada percobaan I, digunakan kambing betina PE sebanyak 24 ekor dan 5 ekor kambing jantan PE sebagai pengusik. Observasi tidak kembali berahi dilakukan 18-24 hari setelah inseminasi buatan secara visual dan dibantu dengan kambing jantan. Kambing yang tidak memperlihatkan gejala berahi pada saat pemeriksaan diberi nilai positif sedang kambing yang memperlihatkan gejala berahi pada saat pemeriksaan diberi nilai negatif. Hasil pemeriksaan ini akan dikonfirmasi dengan pemeriksaan kebuntingan secara ultrasonography (USG). Kambing yang memiliki nilai positif pada observasi tidak kembali berahi tetapi negatif pada pemeriksaan USG diberi nilai positif palsu, sedang kambing yang memiliki nilai negatif pada observasi tidak kembali berahi tetapi positif pada pemeriksaan USG diberi nilai negatif palsu. Akurasi hasil pemeriksaan untuk diagnosis bunting dan tidak bunting masing-masing adalah 93,75 dan 37,50%. Pada percobaan II, digunakan kambing betina PE sebanyak 160 ekor. Pemeriksaan kebuntingan dilakukan menggunakan USG pada waktu yang telah ditetapkan pada kambing yang telah dikawinkan pada waktu yang bervariasi. Estimasi usia kebuntingan ditentukan dengan memperhitungkan lama kebuntingan pada kambing yakni 5 bulan, kemudian diikuti selisih waktu antara kelahiran dengan jadwal pemeriksaan. Hasil positif dari pemeriksaan ditandai dengan bentukan bulat anechoic di sebelah dorsal dari vesika urinaria sedangkan terlihatnya gambaran muskulus mengindikasikan kambing negatif bunting. Hasil pemeriksaan ini akan dikonfirmasi dengan angka kelahiran. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh akurasi diagnosis bunting adalah 94,3% sedang akurasi diagnosis tidak bunting adalah 100%. Dari 160 ekor kambing yang diperiksa, diperkirakan jumlah kambing yang bunting pada usia 1, 2, dan 3 bulan masing-masing adalah 19, 98, dan 7 ekor kambing