Vascular-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy (VTP)

International audienc

Antimicrobial peptides : a link between immuno-inflammation and metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk factors

Les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) sont des affections immuno-inflammatoires chroniques qui sont liées à de nombreux facteurs de risque. Les défensines et les cathélicidines sont des peptides antimicrobiens considérés comme des effecteurs clés de l'immunité innée, mais aussi des réponses inflammatoires. Il a été postulé que ces peptides sont impliqués dans le développement de l'athérosclérose. Afin de vérifier cette hypothèse, nous avons étudié l'expression des gènes de la cathélicidine LL-37 et des défensines-a DEFA1-3 dans les cellules mononuclées du sang périphérique (PBMCs) dans la cohorte Stanislas. Nous avons démontré que l'expression des ARNm de ces gènes est significativement corrélée avec les indicateurs de risque des MCV, à savoir l'obésité, la pression artérielle, les taux circulants des triglycérides et du glucose, l'hypo-HDL-C et les leucocytes. De plus, des taux élevés des ARNm de ces gènes sont associés au syndrome métabolique. Nous avons aussi démontré que l'expression des gènes des DEFA1-3 et de LL-37 est corrélée avec celle du récepteur chimio-attractant FPR et que le génotype TT du polymorphisme FPR1 c.32C>T est associé à une diminution des taux circulants de la E-sélectine, suggérant que ces peptides pourraient agir via FPR et que le polymorphisme c.32C>T affecte la fonction endothéliale. Enfin, nos études in vitro ont montré que l'expression des gènes des DEFA1-3 et de CRAMP, cathélicidine de la souris, est modulée par le glucose et l'insuline, respectivement dans les neutrophiles HL-60 et les adipocytes 3T3-L1. L'ensemble de ces études suggère que les DEFA1-3 et LL-37 pourraient constituer un lien entre le système immunitaire inné et le risque des MCV et du syndrome métabolique.Multiple risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) act in a synergistic way through inflammatory pathways. Most of CVD risk factors stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators. Defensins and cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced mainly by inflammatory cells. Beside their role in host defense, AMPs are also considered as effectors of inflammatory responses. They have been suggested to play a role in atherosclerosis. To verify this hypothesis, we studied a-defensins DEFA1-3 and cathelicidin LL-37 in a sample of the STANISLAS cohort. We demonstrated that mRNA levels of LL-37 and DEFA1-3 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of studied subjects are significantly correlated with indicators of obesity, blood pressure, circulating triglycerides and fasting glucose levels, hypo-HDL-C, and leukocytes counts suggesting a role of these genes in CVD. Further analysis revealed that high expression of these genes might be associated with metabolic syndrome. We also showed that expression of LL-37 and DEFA1-3 genes was positively associated with that of FPR receptor gene and that the TT genotype of FPR1 c.32C>T/I11T polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased levels of soluble E-selectin suggesting that these peptides may act through this receptor and such a polymorphism may has an impact on endothelial cells function. In an in vitro model, we found that glucose and insulin modulate the expression of DEFA1-3 and CRAMP cathelicidin genes in human HL-60 neutrophils and mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes cell lines, respectively. Together, our studies demonstrated that DEFA1-3 and LL-37 could be a potential link between innate immunity and CVD and metabolic syndrome

Peptides antimicrobiens : un lien entre l'immuno-inflammation et les facteurs de risque du syndrome métabolique et des maladies cardiovasculaires

Multiple risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) act in a synergistic way through inflammatory pathways. Most of CVD risk factors stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators. Defensins and cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced mainly by inflammatory cells. Beside their role in host defense, AMPs are also considered as effectors of inflammatory responses. They have been suggested to play a role in atherosclerosis. To verify this hypothesis, we studied a-defensins DEFA1-3 and cathelicidin LL-37 in a sample of the STANISLAS cohort. We demonstrated that mRNA levels of LL-37 and DEFA1-3 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of studied subjects are significantly correlated with indicators of obesity, blood pressure, circulating triglycerides and fasting glucose levels, hypo-HDL-C, and leukocytes counts suggesting a role of these genes in CVD. Further analysis revealed that high expression of these genes might be associated with metabolic syndrome. We also showed that expression of LL-37 and DEFA1-3 genes was positively associated with that of FPR receptor gene and that the TT genotype of FPR1 c.32C>T/I11T polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased levels of soluble E-selectin suggesting that these peptides may act through this receptor and such a polymorphism may has an impact on endothelial cells function. In an in vitro model, we found that glucose and insulin modulate the expression of DEFA1-3 and CRAMP cathelicidin genes in human HL-60 neutrophils and mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes cell lines, respectively. Together, our studies demonstrated that DEFA1-3 and LL-37 could be a potential link between innate immunity and CVD and metabolic syndrome.Les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) sont des affections immuno-inflammatoires chroniques qui sont liées à de nombreux facteurs de risque. Les défensines et les cathélicidines sont des peptides antimicrobiens considérés comme des effecteurs clés de l'immunité innée, mais aussi des réponses inflammatoires. Il a été postulé que ces peptides sont impliqués dans le développement de l'athérosclérose. Afin de vérifier cette hypothèse, nous avons étudié l'expression des gènes de la cathélicidine LL-37 et des défensines-a DEFA1-3 dans les cellules mononuclées du sang périphérique (PBMCs) dans la cohorte Stanislas. Nous avons démontré que l'expression des ARNm de ces gènes est significativement corrélée avec les indicateurs de risque des MCV, à savoir l'obésité, la pression artérielle, les taux circulants des triglycérides et du glucose, l'hypo-HDL-C et les leucocytes. De plus, des taux élevés des ARNm de ces gènes sont associés au syndrome métabolique. Nous avons aussi démontré que l'expression des gènes des DEFA1-3 et de LL-37 est corrélée avec celle du récepteur chimio-attractant FPR et que le génotype TT du polymorphisme FPR1 c.32C>T est associé à une diminution des taux circulants de la E-sélectine, suggérant que ces peptides pourraient agir via FPR et que le polymorphisme c.32C>T affecte la fonction endothéliale. Enfin, nos études in vitro ont montré que l'expression des gènes des DEFA1-3 et de CRAMP, cathélicidine de la souris, est modulée par le glucose et l'insuline, respectivement dans les neutrophiles HL-60 et les adipocytes 3T3-L1. L'ensemble de ces études suggère que les DEFA1-3 et LL-37 pourraient constituer un lien entre le système immunitaire inné et le risque des MCV et du syndrome métabolique

Peptides antimicrobiens (un lien entre l'immuno-inflammation et les facteurs de risque du syndrome métabolique et des maladies cardiovasculaires)

Les maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) sont des affections immuno-inflammatoires chroniques qui sont liées à de nombreux facteurs de risque. Les défensines et les cathélicidines sont des peptides antimicrobiens considérés comme des effecteurs clés de l'immunité innée, mais aussi des réponses inflammatoires. Il a été postulé que ces peptides sont impliqués dans le développement de l'athérosclérose. Afin de vérifier cette hypothèse, nous avons étudié l'expression des gènes de la cathélicidine LL-37 et des défensines-a DEFA1-3 dans les cellules mononuclées du sang périphérique (PBMCs) dans la cohorte Stanislas. Nous avons démontré que l'expression des ARNm de ces gènes est significativement corrélée avec les indicateurs de risque des MCV, à savoir l'obésité, la pression artérielle, les taux circulants des triglycérides et du glucose, l'hypo-HDL-C et les leucocytes. De plus, des taux élevés des ARNm de ces gènes sont associés au syndrome métabolique. Nous avons aussi démontré que l'expression des gènes des DEFA1-3 et de LL-37 est corrélée avec celle du récepteur chimio-attractant FPR et que le génotype TT du polymorphisme FPR1 c.32C>T est associé à une diminution des taux circulants de la E-sélectine, suggérant que ces peptides pourraient agir via FPR et que le polymorphisme c.32C>T affecte la fonction endothéliale. Enfin, nos études in vitro ont montré que l'expression des gènes des DEFA1-3 et de CRAMP, cathélicidine de la souris, est modulée par le glucose et l'insuline, respectivement dans les neutrophiles HL-60 et les adipocytes 3T3-L1. L'ensemble de ces études suggère que les DEFA1-3 et LL-37 pourraient constituer un lien entre le système immunitaire inné et le risque des MCV et du syndrome métabolique.Multiple risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) act in a synergistic way through inflammatory pathways. Most of CVD risk factors stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators. Defensins and cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced mainly by inflammatory cells. Beside their role in host defense, AMPs are also considered as effectors of inflammatory responses. They have been suggested to play a role in atherosclerosis. To verify this hypothesis, we studied a-defensins DEFA1-3 and cathelicidin LL-37 in a sample of the STANISLAS cohort. We demonstrated that mRNA levels of LL-37 and DEFA1-3 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of studied subjects are significantly correlated with indicators of obesity, blood pressure, circulating triglycerides and fasting glucose levels, hypo-HDL-C, and leukocytes counts suggesting a role of these genes in CVD. Further analysis revealed that high expression of these genes might be associated with metabolic syndrome. We also showed that expression of LL-37 and DEFA1-3 genes was positively associated with that of FPR receptor gene and that the TT genotype of FPR1 c.32C>T/I11T polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased levels of soluble E-selectin suggesting that these peptides may act through this receptor and such a polymorphism may has an impact on endothelial cells function. In an in vitro model, we found that glucose and insulin modulate the expression of DEFA1-3 and CRAMP cathelicidin genes in human HL-60 neutrophils and mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes cell lines, respectively. Together, our studies demonstrated that DEFA1-3 and LL-37 could be a potential link between innate immunity and CVD and metabolic syndrome.NANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocSudocFranceF

Multifunctional Peptide-Conjugated Hybrid Silica Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy and MRI

<p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging theranostic modality for various cancer as well as non-cancer diseases. Its efficiency is mainly based on a selective accumulation of PDT and imaging agents in tumor tissue. The vascular effect is widely accepted to play a major role in tumor eradication by PDT. To promote this vascular effect, we previously demonstrated the interest of using an active- targeting strategy targeting neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), mainly over-expressed by tumor angiogenic vessels. For an integrated vascular-targeted PDT with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cancer, we developed multifunctional gadolinium-based nanoparticles consisting of a surface-localized tumor vasculature targeting NRP-1 peptide and polysiloxane nanoparticles with gadolinium chelated by DOTA derivatives on the surface and a chlorin as photosensitizer. The nanoparticles were surface-functionalized with hydrophilic DOTA chelates and also used as a scaffold for the targeting peptide grafting. <i>In vitro</i> investigations demonstrated the ability of multifunctional nanoparticles to preserve the photophysical properties of the encapsulated photosensitizer and to confer photosensitivity to MDA-MB-231 cancer cells related to photosensitizer concentration and light dose. Using binding test, we revealed the ability of peptide-functionalized nanoparticles to target NRP-1 recombinant protein. Importantly, after intravenous injection of the multifunctional nanoparticles in rats bearing intracranial U87 glioblastoma, a positive MRI contrast enhancement was specifically observed in tumor tissue. Real-time MRI analysis revealed the ability of the targeting peptide to confer specific intratumoral retention of the multifunctional nanoparticles.</p

New synthesis method of HA/P(D,L)LA composites: study of fibronectin adsorption and their effects in osteoblastic behavior for bone tissue engineering

International audienc

A model-based pharmacokinetics characterization method of engineered nanoparticles for pilot studies

International audienceRecent developments on engineered multifunctional nanomaterials have opened new perspectives in oncology. But as- sessment of both quality and safety in nanomedicine requires new methods for their biological characterization. This paper pro- poses a new model-based approach for the pre-characterization of multifunctional nanomaterials pharmacokinetics in small scale in vivo studies. Two multifunctional nanoparticules, with and without active targeting, designed for photodynamic therapy guided by magnetic resonance imaging are used to exemplify the presented method. It allows to the experimenter to rapidly test and select the most relevant PK model structure planned to be used in the subsequent explanatory studies. We also show that the model parameters estimated from the in vivo responses provide relevant preliminary information about the tumor uptake, the elimination rate and the residual storage. For some parameters, the accuracy of the estimates is accurate enough to compare and draw significant pre-conclusions. A third advantage of this approach is the possibility to optimally refine the in vivo protocol for the subsequent explanatory and confirmatory studies complying with the 3Rs (reduction, refinement, replacement) ethical recommendations. More precisely, we show that the identified model may be used to select the appropriate duration of the MR imaging sessions planned for the subsequent studies. The proposed methodology integrates MRI image processing, continuous-time system identification algorithms and statistical analysis. Except, the choice of the model parameters to be compared and interpreted, most of the processing procedure may be automated to speed up the PK characterization process at an early stage of experimentation

Liposome encapsulation of curcumin: physico-chemical characterizations and effects on MCF7 cancer cell proliferation

International audienceThe role of curcumin (diferuloylmethane), for cancer treatment has been an area of growing interest. However, due to its low absorption, the poor bioavailability of curcumin limits its clinical use. In this study, we reported an approach of encapsulation a curcumin by nanoliposome to achieve an improved bioavailability of a poorly absorbed hydrophobic compound. We demonstrated that liposomal preparations to deliver curcumin increase its bioavailability. Liposomes composed of salmon's lecithin also improved curcumin bioavailability compared to those constituted of rapeseed and soya lecithins. A real-time label-free cell analysis system based on real-time cell impedance monitoring was used to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity of liposomal preparations