ヘイメンテキ ハンプク モヨウ ニオケル キカガクテキ ヨウイン ノ ヨサ ト フクザツサ ニ オヨボス コウカ

One hundred and forty-four undergraduates rated goodness or complexity of repetitive patterns, which were formed by five genetators，i. e.，translation，glide-reflection，reflection，rotation through π, and rotation through π/2. The element-figure of each pattern consisted of eight dots and formed cyclic or dihedral groups. The repetitive patterns were classified into twelve types of wallpaper groups，ρ4m， pmm，cmm，pm，cm，pmg, p4, p4g, p2, p1, pgg. The results were summarized as follows: (1) when the generator was changed from translation into glide-reflection in each pattern，the pattern goodness decreased，whereas the pattern complexity increased. (2) when the orientation of repetitive pattern was tilted by 45 deg，the pattern goodness and the pattern complexity were independently increased. depending upon the type of element-figure. (3) the pattern complexity that had collinear or circular element was rated as being the simplest. It was concluded that the pattern goodness and the pattern complexity were determined by local structure of the element-figure and global structure of the repetitive pattern as well by the orientation of pattern and by the feature of element

オオサキ タイヒ ジタイ ニオケル ヒョウテイ ジュンジョ コウカ

In order to investigate a rating order effect， seven circles were presented horizontally in a pair. Sixty subjects estimated the apparent sizes of the set of 56 samples by a task of seven category rating. Subjects judged both left and right circles of the pair. There were rating order conditions， i.e.， starting with rating of left or right circle， and near and far distance conditions for two circles. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The results under near and far distance conditions were similar. (2) The larger circles with a smaller circle were rated larger than the same circles in pair. (3) The smaller circles starting with the larger circle were rated larger than the smaller circle starting with the smaller circle， revealing a rating order effect. The rating order effect was selective for the smaller circle， and there was no rating order effect for the larger circle

Delboeuf サクシ ニオケル ハンダン ジュンジョ コウカ

Apparent size of circles in the Delboeuf configuration was judged under variation of their diameters and compared to that of circle singletons of equivalent diameter. The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of judgment order on the perceived size, i.e. starting with either inner or outer circle. In addition，we compared the measured strength of the illusion as obtained by two different methods - category rating and magnitude estimation. We found that the circle judged first had an assimilative effect on the apparent size of the subsequently judged circle，with the amount of the effect being contingent on diameter ratio and diameter difference of the constituent circles. Moreover，assimilation of the inner circle was more pronounced than that of the outer circle. The judgment-order effect may be accounted for by attentional mechanisms: if the outer circle is judged first，spatial span of attention is large，so that the inner circle falls in the span. Conversely，if the inner circle is judged initially，spatial span of attention is too small to take up the outer circle. The amount of illusion was greater when judged using magnitude estimation than category rating， conceivably due to a coarser internal mapping at the latter procedure

Examining disjointedness of dot patterns based on a three-stage serial processing model of symmetry cognition

Rotational and reflectional transformations were applied to dot patterns in a square grid generating cyclic (Cn) and dihedral (Dn) groups (n = 1, 2, 4). Judgments of disjointedness (the inverse of unifiedness) of 8-, 13- and 21-dot patterns were compared with poorness (the inverse of goodness) and complexity (the inverse of simplicity) judgments. Results found were (a) disjointedness and complexity of 8-dot D2 linear patterns decreased by an anisotropic spatial filter, (b) three cognitive judgments for the patterns other than the linear patterns monotonically decreased as a function of group order, (c) disjointedness of C2n and Dn (n = 1, 2) were indistinguishable and were processed in a former-stage of group theoretical model, and poorness and complexity were distinguished in C2n and Dn while being processed in a latter-stage, (d) complexity increased monotonically as the number of dots increased. While 13- and 21-dot patterns results were insignificant, disjointedness judgments were lowest in 8-dot patterns, and influence of poorness was ineffectual. We have proposed a three-stage serial processing model of symmetry cognition