4,209 research outputs found
Does Migration Make You Happy?:A Longitudinal Study of Internal Migration and Subjective Well-Being
The majority of modelling studies on consequences of internal migration focus almost exclusively on the labour market outcomes and the material well-being of migrants. We investigate whether individuals who migrate within the UK become happier after the move than they were before it and whether the effect is permanent or transient. Using life satisfaction responses from 12 waves of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and employing a fixed-effects model, we derive a temporal pattern of migrants’ subjective wellbeing (SWB) around the time of the migration event. Our findings make an original contribution by revealing for the first time that, on average, migration is preceded by a period when individuals experience a significant decline in happiness. The boost that is received through migration appears to bring people back to their initial level of happiness. As opposed to labour market outcomes of migration, SWB outcomes do not differ significantly between men and women. Perhaps surprisingly, long-distance migrants are at least as happy as short-distance migrants despite the higher social costs that are involved
Generation of macroscopic superposition states with small nonlinearity
We suggest a scheme to generate a macroscopic superposition state
(Schrodinger cat state) of a free-propagating optical field using a beam
splitter, homodyne measurement and a very small Kerr nonlinear effect. Our
scheme makes it possible to considerably reduce the required nonlinear effect
to generate an optical cat state using simple and efficient optical elements.Comment: Significantly improved version, to be published in PRA as a Rapid
Communicatio
High-fidelity simulation of an ultrasonic standing-wave thermoacoustic engine with bulk viscosity effects
We have carried out boundary-layer-resolved, unstructured fully-compressible
Navier--Stokes simulations of an ultrasonic standing-wave thermoacoustic engine
(TAE) model. The model is constructed as a quarter-wavelength engine,
approximately 4 mm by 4 mm in size and operating at 25 kHz, and comprises a
thermoacoustic stack and a coin-shaped cavity, a design inspired by Flitcroft
and Symko (2013). Thermal and viscous boundary layers (order of 10
m) are resolved. Vibrational and rotational molecular relaxation
are modeled with an effective bulk viscosity coefficient modifying the viscous
stress tensor. The effective bulk viscosity coefficient is estimated from the
difference between theoretical and semi-empirical attenuation curves.
Contributions to the effective bulk viscosity coefficient can be identified as
from vibrational and rotational molecular relaxation. The inclusion of the
coefficient captures acoustic absorption from infrasonic (10 Hz) to
ultrasonic (100 kHz) frequencies. The value of bulk viscosity depends on
pressure, temperature, and frequency, as well as the relative humidity of the
working fluid. Simulations of the TAE are carried out to the limit cycle, with
growth rates and limit-cycle amplitudes varying non-monotonically with the
magnitude of bulk viscosity, reaching a maximum for a relative humidity level
of 5%. A corresponding linear model with minor losses was developed; the linear
model overpredicts transient growth rate but gives an accurate estimate of
limit cycle behavior. An improved understanding of thermoacoustic energy
conversion in the ultrasonic regime based on a high-fidelity computational
framework will help to further improve the power density advantages of
small-scale thermoacoustic engines.Comment: 55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, AIAA SciTech, 201
Neutral Higgs bosons in the MNMSSM with explicit CP violation
Within the framework of the minimal non-minimal supersymmetric standard model
(MNMSSM) with tadpole terms, CP violation effects in the Higgs sector are
investigated at the one-loop level, where the radiative corrections from the
loops of the quark and squarks of the third generation are taken into account.
Assuming that the squark masses are not degenerate, the radiative corrections
due to the stop and sbottom quarks give rise to CP phases, which trigger the CP
violation explicitly in the Higgs sector of the MNMSSM. The masses, the
branching ratios for dominant decay channels, and the total decay widths of the
five neutral Higgs bosons in the MNMSSM are calculated in the presence of the
explicit CP violation. The dependence of these quantities on the CP phases is
quite recognizable, for given parameter values.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figure
Search for Sterile Neutrinos with a Radioactive Source at Daya Bay
The far site detector complex of the Daya Bay reactor experiment is proposed
as a location to search for sterile neutrinos with > eV mass. Antineutrinos
from a 500 kCi 144Ce-144Pr beta-decay source (DeltaQ=2.996 MeV) would be
detected by four identical 20-ton antineutrino targets. The site layout allows
flexible source placement; several specific source locations are discussed. In
one year, the 3+1 sterile neutrino hypothesis can be tested at essentially the
full suggested range of the parameters Delta m^2_{new} and sin^22theta_{new}
(90% C.L.). The backgrounds from six nuclear reactors at >1.6 km distance are
shown to be manageable. Advantages of performing the experiment at the Daya Bay
far site are described
Method of extending hyperfine coherence times in Pr^3+:Y_2SiO_5
In this letter we present a method for increasing the coherence time of
praseodymium hyperfine ground state transitions in Pr^3+:Y_2SiO_5 by the
application of a specific external magnetic field. The magnitude and angle of
the external field is applied such that the Zeeman splitting of a hyperfine
transition is at a critical point in three dimensions, making the first order
Zeeman shift vanishingly small for the transition. This reduces the influence
of the magnetic interactions between the praseodymium ions and the spins in the
host lattice on the transition frequency. Using this method a phase memory time
of 82ms was observed, a value two orders of magnitude greater than previously
reported. It is shown that the residual dephasing is amenable quantum error
correction
Measurement of Evapotranspiration in Turfgrass: Recommended Techniques and Adjustment Coefficients
Evapotranspiration (ET) from turfgrass can be measured directly using lysimeters (LYS), estimated from weather data using models, or approximated using atmometers. Evapotranspiration measurements from LYS were compared with ET estimates from four variations of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) standardized ET equation including the use of: 1) hourly steps of measured net radiation (Rn) (ASCEHM); 2) hourly steps of Rn calculated from global irradiance (ASCEHC); 3) daily steps of measured Rn (ASCEDM); and 4) daily steps of Rn calculated from global irradiance (ASCEDC); ET from LYS was also compared with the Priestley-Taylor (PT) model and atmometers. All collections were from a sward of tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb.) turfgrass at the Rocky Ford Turfgrass Research Center, Manhattan, KS. Results indicate the ASCEDC could improve irrigation scheduling in turfgrass by providing accurate ET estimates from standard weather station data where measured Rn is not available. Adjustment factors for several of the methods are recommended below
Orbital liquid in three dimensional Mott insulator:
We present a theory of spin and orbital states in Mott insulator .
The spin-orbital superexchange interaction between ions in cubic
crystal suffers from a pathological degeneracy of orbital states at classical
level. Quantum effects remove this degeneracy and result in the formation of
the coherent ground state, in which the orbital moment of level is
fully quenched. We find a finite gap for orbital excitations. Such a disordered
state of local degrees of freedom on unfrustrated, simple cubic lattice is
highly unusual. Orbital liquid state naturally explains observed anomalies of
.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Does Migration Make You Happy?:A Longitudinal Study of Internal Migration and Subjective Well-Being
The authors acknowledge financial support from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (RES-625-28-0001). This project is part of the ESRC Centre for Population Change (CPC). Financial support from the Marie Curie programme under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / Career Integration Grant n. PCIG10-GA-2011-303728 (CIG Grant NBHCHOICE, Neighbourhood choice, neighbourhood sorting, and neighbourhood effects).The majority of quantitative studies on the consequences of internal migration focus almost exclusively on the labour-market outcomes and the material well-being of migrants. We investigate whether individuals who migrate within the UK become happier after the move than they were before, and whether the effect is permanent or transient. Using life-satisfaction responses from twelve waves of the British Household Panel Survey and employing a fixed-effects model, we derive a temporal pattern of migrants’ subjective well-being around the time of the migration event. Our findings make an original contribution by revealing that, on average, migration is preceded by a period when individuals experience a significant decline in happiness for a variety of reasons, including changes in personal living arrangements. Migration itself causes a boost in happiness, and brings people back to their initial levels. The research contributes, therefore, to advancing an understanding of migration in relation to set-point theory. Perhaps surprisingly, long-distance migrants are at least as happy as short-distance migrants despite the higher social and psychological costs involved. The findings of this paper add to the pressure to retheorize migration within a conceptual framework that accounts for social well-being from a life-course perspective.PostprintPeer reviewe
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