FORM-MAKING METHODS IN LANDFORM ARCHITECTURE

In this study, we consider a critical challenge in architectural design methodology-methods of form making in landform architecture. Based on the authors’ methodology, the approaches and methods of form making are specified and systematized, depending on the algorithm of the form-making process and the basic principles of building composition. The approaches to architectural form making, including image-based, generative, and functional approaches are determined. The methods within the framework of the image-based approach are identified. These methods include natural «mimicry» and metaphorical methods, as well asan image-based and combinatorial method. Furthermore, the principles and techniques of form-making methods are examined, and their capability and potential to create esthetically expressive and poetically shaped buildings, which can be integrated into existing natural landscapes, are determined

Therapy that Targets Growth Factor Receptors: Novel Approach for Liver Cirrhosis Treatment

The background of liver fibrous degeneration is excessive cell proliferation including hepatic stellate cells, inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Often it is the consequence of increased growth factors and/or their receptors expression. Key contributors to the liver cell proliferation are EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, TGFβR, the increased expression of which is indicated on in vitro and in vivo models of liver fibrosis and in patients who experienced fibrosis-accompanied liver diseases. Elimination of growth factors/suppression of their receptors is associated with the weakening/elimination of certain processes responsible for fibrogenesis. This chapter represents the evidences of the efficacy of growth factor receptors signaling downregulation for the suppression of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and their individual manifestations. The data on established and experimental therapeutics – specific and multikinase growth factor receptor inhibitors which demonstrated antifibrotic and anticirrhotic activity under in vitro and in vivo models, are also presented

USING FOLK GAME-BASED AND BODY TRAINING TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN EDUCATION IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Modern education involves dynamic physical and spiritual improvement of children and youth. The tendencies of its development should be aimed at overcoming the mutual physical, emotional and spiritual alienation of education seekers, ensuring the implementation of the creative component in the educational process. At the same time, the increased attention in physical education in European institutions nowadays is paid to the historical, cultural and humanitarian direction, while an increase in the importance of folk game-based body training tools and methods is observed. The purpose of the academic paper is to clarify the features and key tendencies in using folk game-based body training technologies in the educational process of European countries.  During the research, the analytical and bibliographic method was used to study the scientific literature on using body training technologies in modern education. Along with this, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis of information, system-structural, comparative, logical-linguistic methods, abstraction, and idealization were applied to study and process the data. Moreover, the research authors conducted the questionnaire in online mode to practically clarify the most significant issues related to the organization of the educational process in European countries.  Based on the research results, the primary and most important theoretical aspects of the issue of applying folk game-based body training technologies in educational institutions of European countries were established, and the standpoints of scientists and heads of educational institutions regarding the key aspects of this issue were also investigated

A GÊNESE DA TRANSFORMAÇÃO DA TERMINOLOGIA NO CAMPO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E DO ESPORTE NA ROMÊNIA, CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO

The article is devoted to the analysis of the evolution of terminology in the field of physical education and sports in Romania. The author of the article examines the historical context of the changes that took place in the terminology from the time of the emergence of sports and physical culture to the present day. The article examines the factors that influenced changes in terminology in Romania, including political, cultural, and economic factors. The analysis of global trends in the development of society and the influence of social transformations on the development of physical culture and sports was carried out. As a result of the analysis and carrying out structuring through the analysis of hierarchies, the historical periods of the development of society and their influence on the formation of terms in the system of physical culture and sports were determined. The results of the analysis made it possible to determine the directions for the development of terminological concepts. Modeling of influencing factors on the processes of development of physical culture and sports was carried out, because of which proposals were formed regarding possible prospects for the development of the field. The factor model was determined as adequate and relevant by conducting a sociological survey and confirming the relevance of the factors, which was proven by calculating the correlation coefficient of the analyzed indicators. The author also investigates the influence of foreign languages on the terminology of the field of physical education and sports in Romania. The article describes in detail the processes that took place with the terminology, including the Western European and American influence on the Romanian terminology, as well as the changes related to the political and social transformations in Romania in the last century. The conclusions of the article make it clear that the terminology in the field of physical education and sports in Romania arose and developed under the influence of various factors, which allowed it to adapt to changes in the social, cultural, and political environment.O artigo é dedicado à análise da evolução da terminologia no campo da educação física e esportes na Romênia. O autor do artigo examina o contexto histórico das mudanças ocorridas na terminologia desde o surgimento do esporte e da cultura física até os dias atuais. O artigo examina os fatores que influenciaram as mudanças na terminologia na Romênia, incluindo fatores políticos, culturais e econômicos. Foi realizada a análise das tendências globais no desenvolvimento da sociedade e a influência das transformações sociais no desenvolvimento da cultura física e esportiva. Como resultado da análise e realização da estruturação por meio da análise de hierarquias, foram determinados os períodos históricos do desenvolvimento da sociedade e sua influência na formação de termos no sistema de cultura física e esportiva. Os resultados da análise permitiram determinar as direções para o desenvolvimento de conceitos terminológicos. Foi realizada a modelagem de fatores influenciadores nos processos de desenvolvimento da cultura física e esportiva, a partir da qual foram formuladas propostas sobre possíveis perspectivas para o desenvolvimento da área. O modelo fatorial foi determinado como adequado e relevante por meio de levantamento sociológico e confirmação da relevância dos fatores, o que foi comprovado pelo cálculo do coeficiente de correlação dos indicadores analisados. O autor também investiga a influência das línguas estrangeiras na terminologia do campo da educação física e esportes na Romênia. O artigo descreve em detalhes os processos ocorridos com a terminologia, incluindo a influência da Europa Ocidental e dos Estados Unidos na terminologia romena, bem como as mudanças relacionadas às transformações políticas e sociais na Romênia no século passado. As conclusões do artigo deixam claro que a terminologia no campo da educação física e esportes na Romênia surgiu e se desenvolveu sob a influência de vários fatores, o que permitiu que ela se adaptasse às mudanças no ambiente social, cultural e político

Морфофункціональний стан ободової кишки щурів за умов дії похідних піролу на тлі експериментального коліту

We’ve studied individual and joint effect of pyrrole derived cytotoxic drugs i.e.1-(4-Cl-benzyl)-3-Cl-4-(CF3-phenylamino)-1H-pyrrol-2,5-dione (MI-1) and 5-amino-4-(1,3-benzothyazol-2-yl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3Н-pyrrol-3-one (D1) on the morpho-functional state of colon mucosa in rats with experimental colitis. It was found that M1 was more effective and less toxic to mucosa as compared to D1 and a combination of D1and MI-1.Досліджено вплив цитостатиків похідних піролу 1-(4-Сl-бензил)-3-Сl-4-(СF3-феніламіно)-1Н-пірол-2,5-діону (МІ-1) та 5-аміно-4-(1,3-бензотіазол-2-іл)-1-(3-метоксифеніл)-1,2-дигідро-3Н-пірол-3-ону (Д1) при окремій та сумісній дії на морфо-функціональний стан слизової оболонки ободової кишки щурів за умов розвитку експе-риментального коліту. Встановлено, що М1 є більш ефективним і менш токсичним для слизової оболонки по-рівняно з Д1 та комбінації Д1 і МІ-1

Вплив похідних піролу на слизову оболонку товстої кишки щурів, порівняно з глюкокортикоїдним препаратом, за умов розвитку експериментального коліту

The influence of the pyrrole derivative 1-(4-Cl-benzyl)-3-Cl-4-(CF3-phenylamino)-1H-pyrrol-2,5-dione (MI-1) and 5-amino-4-(1,3-benzothyazol-2-yl)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3Н-pyrrol-3-one (D1) on rat colon mucosa was investigated. Cytostatic effects, inflammatory properties and safety for rat large intestine, have been shown in previous experiments as evidenced by microscopic studies. MI-1 under induction of experimental colitis revealed the maximum inflammatory and protective effect on the descending colon mucosa whereas protective effects of D1 and D1 combination with MI-1 were much weaker.Antiinflammatory effects of pyrrole derivatives’ combinations with reference drug – prednisolone, were weaker compared to prednisolone, D1, MI-1 ones separately. Wherein antiinflammatory properties falled off due prendnisolone+MI-1, prednisolone+D1, prednisolone+D1+MI-1 sequence.Досліджено стан слизової оболонки нисхідної ободової кишки щурів за умов дії похідних піролу 5-аміно-4-(1,3-бензотіазол-2-іл)-1-(3-метоксифеніл)-1,2-дигідро-3Н-пірол-3-ону (Д1) та 1-(4-Сl-бензил)-3-Сl-4-(СF3-феніламіно)-1Н-пірол-2,5-діон (МІ-1), які характеризуються цитостатичною дією, протизапальними властивостями та не пошкоджують слизову оболонку товстої кишки щурів, про що свідчать отримані дані. Установлено, що МІ-1 за умов індукованого експериментального коліту виявляє максимальний протизапальний та захисний ефект щодо слизової оболонки низхідної ободової кишки, тоді й захисна дія Д1 та комбінації Д1 і МІ-1 є значно слабшими. Сумісна дія похідних піролу із традиційним протизапальним засобом – преднізолоном – відносно слизової оболонки низхідної ободової кишки при застосуванні за умов коліту є слабшою, порівняно з преднізолоном і, зокрема, із досліджуваними похідними піролу. При цьому в ряду преднізолон+МІ-1, преднізолон+Д1, преднізолон+Д1+М1 протизапальна активність спадає

Water-soluble pristine C60 fullerene attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury

Introduction: Oxidative stress has been suggested as the main trigger and pathological mechanism of toxic liver injury. Effects of powerful free radical scavenger С60 fullerene on rat liver injury and liver cells (HepG2 line) were aimed to be discovered. Methods: Acute liver injury (ALI) was simulated by single acetaminophen (APAP, 1000 mg/kg) administration, on a chronic CLI, by 4 weekly APAP administrations. Pristine C60 fullerene aqueous colloid solution (C60FAS; initial concentration 0.15 mg/mL) was administered per os or intraperitoneally at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg (ALI) or 0.25 mg/kg (CLI) daily for 2 or 28 days, respectively, after first APAP dose. Animals were sacrificed at 24th hour after the last dose. Biochemical markers of blood serum and liver autopsies were analyzed. EGFR expression in HepG2 cells after 48-hour incubation with C60FAS was assessed. Results: Increase of serum conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin (up to 1.4-3.7 times), ALT (by 31-37%), and AST (by 18%) in non-treated ALI and CLI rats were observed, suggesting the hepatitis (confirmed by histological analysis). Liver morphological state (ALI, CLI), ALT (ALI and CLI), bilirubin (CLI), α-amylase, and creatinine (ALI) were normalized with C60FAS administration in both ways, which may indicate its protective impact on liver. However, unconjugated bilirubin sharply increased in ALI animals receiving C60FAS (up to 12 times compared to control), suggesting the augmentation of bilirubin metabolism. Furthermore, C60FAS inhibited EGFR expression in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: C60FAS could partially correct acute and chronic toxic liver injury, however, it could not normalize bilirubin metabolism after acute exposure

Вплив плацентарних клітин мезенхімального походження на слизову оболонку шлунка щурів

It is established that transplantation of placenta derived cells (PC) of mesenchymal origin to healthy rats causes inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa manifested by edema, vascular congestion, lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltration. No structural and functional changes of gastric mucosa caused by introduction of fewer PCs amount (0.5*106 cells per rat) were observed, whereas maximal investigated rat RC amount causes increase of secretion of the parietal cells and inhibition of the secretion of the main cells. Human PC when transplanted in amount of 2*106 cells per rat promotes occurrence the attributes of parietal and main cells enhanced secretion.Досліджено вплив плацентарних мезенхімальних клітин алогенного та ксеногенного походження на слизову оболонку фундального відділу шлунка щурів. Показано, що мезенхімальні стовбурові клітини щурів і людини мають негативний вплив на слизову оболонку шлунка, що прямо пропорційний кількості уведення клітин

Carbon dot dressing as a treatment of alkali-induced skin burns

Background. Chemical burns, comprising 5–10 % of total burns but causing 30 % of burn-related deaths, are now a notable concern in Ukraine. Current clinical protocols lack specific approaches for chemical burns, and research on this type of burn is limited. Carbon-based nanoparticles show promise for wound healing because of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. So, the ability of carbon dots obtained from citric acid and urea (further called CD) to improve the healing of alkali-induced skin burn was aimed to be discovered. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on male Wistar rats. Burn was modeled by application of gauze disc soaked with 3 M NaOH solution on shaved skin of anesthetized rats for 10 min. A CD dressing, consisting of a CD solution (1 mg/mL) mixed with cellulose-based hydrogel that served as a vehicle, was applied to burned skin daily during a 7-day period. There were following groups: control (healthy rats), a burn-only group (rats that received no dressing), a burn + vehicle group (rats that received vehicle dressing), and a burn + CD group (rats that received CD dressing). The study involved monitoring of burn areas, conducting skin histopathology, and perfor­ming blood biochemical analyses. Results. The daily CD dressing significantly decreased alkali-induced burn area (by 76 % compared to 40 % in burn-only group) after seven daily dressings. The level of inflammation in the burn site was also less expressed in CD-treated animals, compared to respective controls (non-treated animals and animals treated with Vehicle). There was no substantial systemic toxicity of the burn (of such area) and its healing, manifested by absence of body weight loss, and absence of dramatical changes in serum biochemical parameters (indicators of liver and kidney function). However, animals of all the groups that experienced burns had a significantly lower body weight gain and mesenteric lymph nodes weight compared to healthy rats. Conclusions. So, the application of carbon dots mixed with hydrogel speeded up alkali-induced burn healing without negative impact on the organism

Towards in vivo photomediated delivery of anticancer peptides: Insights from pharmacokinetic and -dynamic data

An in vivo study of a photoswitchable cytotoxic peptide LMB040 has been undertaken on a chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma model in immunocompetent rats. We analysed the pharmacokinetic profile of the less toxic photoform (“ring-closed” dithienylethene) of the compound in tumors, plasma, and healthy liver. Accordingly, the peptide can reach a tumor concentration sufficiently high to exert a cytotoxic effect upon photoconversion into the more active (“ring-open”) photoform. Tissue morphology, histology, redox state of the liver, and hepatic biochemical parameters in blood serum were analysed upon treatment with (i) the less active photoform, (ii) the in vivo light-activated alternative photoform, and (iii) compared with a reference chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil. We found that application of the less toxic form followed by a delayed in vivo photoconversion into the more toxic ring-open form of LMB040 led to a higher overall survival of the animals, and signs of enhanced immune response were observed compared to the untreated animals