Vurdering av vannkjemiske og biologiske tiltak i Modalsvassdraget. En pilotstudie

Årsliste 2007FYLKESMANNEN I HORDALAND

Fisk og bunndyr, effekter av sjøsaltepisoder venteren 2004/2005

Sør-Norge ble rammet av en rekke sjøsaltepisoder i januar 2005. En sjøsaltepisode karakteriseres ved at det kommer mye salt inn over land. Denne salttilførslen kan forårsake forsuringsepisoder. Det ble utført en karakterisering av vannkjemi, fisk og evertebrater i 15 vassdrag i januar og april 2005 for å beskrive den økologiske effekten av slike episoder. Fiskedød (i ferskvann) vurderes som mulig til sannsynlig i 8 vassdrag. Det ansees som sannsynlig til mulig at sjøoverlevelse til smolt ble redusert i 11 vassdrag. Graden av belastning varierer mellom og innen vassdrag. I 4 vassdrag ansees effektene på vannkjemi så marginale at det ikke forventes bestandseffekter som følge av vannkjemi. Basert på sammenhenger mellom gjelle-Al og vannkjemi foreslås det grenseverdier for pH, aluminium og ANC. Bunndyrene ble lite påvirket av sjøsaltene. I noen av elvene ble det mobilisert mindre Al enn forventet ved en gitt pH. Disse elvene synes derfor å ha et lavere potensial for biologiske skader i forbindelse med episodisk forsuring. Dette har stor relevans ved fastsettelse av vannkvalitetsgrenser, avgiftingsstrategier og kost-nytte vurderinger av kalking i laksevassdrag

The 12-year report: Acidification of Surface Water in Europe and North America Trends, biological recovery and heavy metals (ICP Waters report 52/2000)

The International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes (ICP Waters) is designed to assess the degree and geographical extent of acidification of surface waters, evaluate dose/response relationships and long-term trends in aquatic chemistry and biota. The aim of the 12-year report is to provide an overall synthesis and assessment of information on water chemistry and biology accumulated in the ICP Waters Programme within the last 3 years (1996-98) related to previous findings. The report includes an evaluation of the ICP Waters database and the representativeness of ICP Waters sites, long-term trends in water chemistry at the single ICP sites and on regional scales, characterisation of invertebrates on a regional scale and an assessment of heavy metals. The current ICP Waters database includes only active sites well suited to monitor changes in acidification in response to changes in acid deposition. In the 10-year periode 1989-1998, sulphate concentrations showed significant downward trends while nitrate concentrations showed no regional patterns of change. pH and ANC and also DOC have increased in most regions during the past 10 years. Biological response, reflecting improved water quality, is positive for sites in Scandinavia. In the most acidified sites in Central Europe improvements in water quality have not reached the level at which effects on biology can be detected. Concentrations of heavy metals are generally low in ICP Waters sites not influenced by local pollution sources

Overvåkning av langtransportert forurenset luft og nedbør

Rapporten presenterer resultater fra 2008 og trender gjennom tid for overvåking av luft, vann, og akvatisk biologi (krepsdyr, bunndyr og fisk) under overvåkingsprogrammet “Overvåking av langtransportert forurenset luft og nedbør”. The report presents results for 2008 from the national monitoring programmes on long-range transboundary air pollution

Atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke and TIA patients in the nordic atrial fibrillation and stroke The Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke (NOR-FIB) Study: Main results

Introduction: Secondary stroke prevention depends on proper identification of the underlying etiology and initiation of optimal treatment after the index event. The aim of the NOR-FIB study was to detect and quantify underlying atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) using insertable cardiac monitor (ICM), to optimise secondary prevention, and to test the feasibility of ICM usage for stroke physicians. Patients and methods: Prospective observational international multicenter real-life study of CS and TIA patients monitored for 12 months with ICM (Reveal LINQ) for AF detection. Results: ICM insertion was performed in 91.5% by stroke physicians, within median 9 days after index event. Paroxysmal AF was diagnosed in 74 out of 259 patients (28.6%), detected early after ICM insertion (mean 48 ± 52 days) in 86.5% of patients. AF patients were older (72.6 vs 62.2; p < 0.001), had higher pre-stroke CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (median 3 vs 2; p < 0.001) and admission NIHSS (median 2 vs 1; p = 0.001); and more often hypertension (p = 0.045) and dyslipidaemia (p = 0.005) than non-AF patients. The arrhythmia was recurrent in 91.9% and asymptomatic in 93.2%. At 12-month follow-up anticoagulants usage was 97.3%. Discussion and conclusions: ICM was an effective tool for diagnosing underlying AF, capturing AF in 29% of the CS and TIA patients. AF was asymptomatic in most cases and would mainly have gone undiagnosed without ICM. The insertion and use of ICM was feasible for stroke physicians in stroke units