I avant l'égalité civique et politique II vingt-cinq années d'activite parlementaire des femmes

14 x 22 c

Graduate Student - Faculty Mentoring: Does Gender Matter?

Mentoring is an historically popular way to successfully guide a younger person\u27s talents in a given field. The success of a mentoring relationship relies on close and frequent communication between its participants. When communication breaks down between a mentor and protege the relationship cannot fulfill its mentoring function and is rendered ineffective. Communication literature asserts that women and men are socialized at very young ages into distinct gender specific communities (Tannen, 1990; Tingley, 1993, and Wood 1994). As a result of the different communication styles used by each gender, interactions between women and men often result in misunderstandings. In mentoring relationships, when communication between participants is vital to the relationship effectiveness, different communication styles, such as those resulting from gender differences, could cause complexities that affect the communication and ultimately the mentoring relationship success. The collection of data for this study employed qualitive research methods involving telephone interviews with male and female participants (both mentors and proteges) in a formal graduate student-faculty mentoring program at a large university. Results of the study indicate that gender-specific communication style differences are virtually non-existent in such mentoring relationships, and gender plays little, if any, role in the function and success of these graduate student-faculty mentoring relationships

Cytokine Biomarkers as Indicators of Primary Graft Dysfunction, Acute Rejection, and Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Review

Lung transplantation is well accepted form of treatment for end-stage lung disease in selected patients. The number of lung transplants performed worldwide has increased annually with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease being the leading cause. The morbidity and mortality in the early period are due to nonspecific primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and acute lung rejection (ALR). Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the cause of long-term complications following lung transplantation and seen in almost half of the patient during the first 5 years. Activation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines has been described during various phases of lung transplantation recovery. We reviewed the literature for cytokine activity associated with PGD, ALR, and CLAD. This review aims to summarize the specific associations between bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and plasma cytokine levels and the association of PGD, ALR, and CLAD

You, Writing!: A Guide to College Composition

This text is meant to be used in any first year College Composition class or as a general guide to college writing. The book focuses on writing as a process, not a product. The goal is to help students discover their own writing process, tryin g out different methods and strategies to find what works best for them

Sounding site: listening, mingling, index and reciprocity in the field

Sounding site: listening, mingling, index and reciprocity in the fiel

Exploring The Relationship Between Faculty Perceptions Of Chairperson-Faculty Member Communication Exchanges And Department Climate

Leadership communication has many consequences: those that affect an organization and its outcomes, and those that affect the followers. In academia, one of the most important leadership roles is that of the departmental chairperson. Through her or his communication, the academic chairperson influences nearly every aspect of departmental life for faculty, including organizational climate. In fact, it can be argued that the chairperson helps both create and sustain the department climate for faculty. One perspective of leadership and communication posits that leadership is enacted in the dyadic communication that occurs between the leader and the follower. According to Leader Member Exchange Theory, leaders fail to treat their followers (which it calls members ) equally, and this is enacted in their communication. In-group members experience more open and supportive communication from their leaders and thus have better personal and professional organizational experiences, while out-group members have less open and supportive communication from their leaders and thus have more negative personal and professional organizational experiences. One antecedent to in-group and out-group communication is similarity; in many cases, the more similar individuals are to one another, the more open their communication is. Research in the business sector has determined that leader-member communication is related to perceptions of organizational climate. However, little research has been done in higher education to understand the relationship between chairperson-faculty communication and organizational climate, nor on the role of similarity in chairperson-faculty communication. Consequently, the current study sought to understand the relationship between demographic similarity, perceptions of in-group and out-group membership, and perceptions of department climate in chairperson-faculty relationships in higher education. Faculty in communication departments from higher education institutions across the United States participated in the current study (n=410). An online, 66-item survey gathered information about faculty perceptions of their in-group or out-group status, their perceptions of their departmental climate, their chairperson\u27s ethnicity, biological sex, and sexual orientation, and their own ethnicity, biological sex, and sexual orientation to answer four research questions: What is the nature of the relationship between faculty perceptions of department chairperson-faculty member communication exchanges and the department climate?; Do faculty perceptions differ significantly by biological sex?; Do faculty perceptions differ significantly by ethnicity?; Do faculty perceptions differ significantly by sexual orientation? Statistical analysis of the data revealed a significant relationship between faculty perceptions of department chairperson-faculty member communication exchanges and the department climate. Faculty perceptions did not differ significantly by biological sex, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. The results suggest a need for further research on the topic to understand the relationship between similarity, leader-member communication, and department climate

Type IV Pili Can Mediate Bacterial Motility within Epithelial Cells.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among bacterial pathogens capable of twitching motility, a form of surface-associated movement dependent on type IV pili (T4P). Previously, we showed that T4P and twitching were required for P. aeruginosa to cause disease in a murine model of corneal infection, to traverse human corneal epithelial multilayers, and to efficiently exit invaded epithelial cells. Here, we used live wide-field fluorescent imaging combined with quantitative image analysis to explore how twitching contributes to epithelial cell egress. Results using time-lapse imaging of cells infected with wild-type PAO1 showed that cytoplasmic bacteria slowly disseminated throughout the cytosol at a median speed of >0.05 μm s-1 while dividing intracellularly. Similar results were obtained with flagellin (fliC) and flagellum assembly (flhA) mutants, thereby excluding swimming, swarming, and sliding as mechanisms. In contrast, pilA mutants (lacking T4P) and pilT mutants (twitching motility defective) appeared stationary and accumulated in expanding aggregates during intracellular division. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that these mutants were not trapped within membrane-bound cytosolic compartments. For the wild type, dissemination in the cytosol was not prevented by the depolymerization of actin filaments using latrunculin A and/or the disruption of microtubules using nocodazole. Together, these findings illustrate a novel form of intracellular bacterial motility differing from previously described mechanisms in being directly driven by bacterial motility appendages (T4P) and not depending on polymerized host actin or microtubules.IMPORTANCE Host cell invasion can contribute to disease pathogenesis by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa Previously, we showed that the type III secretion system (T3SS) of invasive P. aeruginosa strains modulates cell entry and subsequent escape from vacuolar trafficking to host lysosomes. However, we also showed that mutants lacking either type IV pili (T4P) or T4P-dependent twitching motility (i) were defective in traversing cell multilayers, (ii) caused less pathology in vivo, and (iii) had a reduced capacity to exit invaded cells. Here, we report that after vacuolar escape, intracellular P. aeruginosa can use T4P-dependent twitching motility to disseminate throughout the host cell cytoplasm. We further show that this strategy for intracellular dissemination does not depend on flagellin and resists both host actin and host microtubule disruption. This differs from mechanisms used by previously studied pathogens that utilize either host actin or microtubules for intracellular dissemination independently of microbe motility appendages

Psykisk ohälsa, ADHD och begåvning hos barn och ungdomar

Syftet med studien är att undersöka tidigare beskrivna skillnader i psykisk ohälsa mellan barn med ADHD och kontroller samt hur denna ohälsa samvarierar med begåvning och kärnsymtom på ADHD. Relevant litteratur presenteras ur både ett internationellt och ett nationellt perspektiv. I studien ingår barn som utretts för ADHD inom barn och ungdomspsykiatrin (n=64) och barn från tre skånska skolklasser (n=59). Barnen i skolklasserna (8-14 år) har testats med begåvnings- och uppmärksamhetstest, genomfört självskattningar av psykisk ohälsa samt skattats på ADHD-symtom av föräldrar och lärare. Resultatet har jämförts med tidigare insamlad data från barn och ungdomspsykiatrin i Region Skåne. Resultatet visar att barnen med ADHD har en statistiskt signifikant högre nivå av psykisk ohälsa jämfört med kontroller samt att samband finns mellan föräldra- och lärarskattning av kärnsymtom och självskattning på Beck Ungdomsskalor. Barn med ADHD uppvisar även en statistiskt signifikant lägre begåvningsnivå än kontroller. Nivån av psykisk ohälsa är lägre än vad som kunde förväntas utifrån litteraturen medan samvariationen mellan kärnsymtom och psykisk ohälsa följer tidigare beskrivna mönster. Inget signifikant samband gick att finna mellan begåvningsnivå och psykisk ohälsa, vilket går emot tidigare forskning. Tänkbara orsaker till resultaten diskuteras, liksom klinisk relevans och framtida forskningsmöjligheter.The study aims to investigate the previously described differences in mental health among children with ADHD and controls and how mental health correlates with intelligence and core symptoms of ADHD. Relevant literature is presented from both an international and a national perspective. The study included children assessed for ADHD in a clinical setting (n = 64) and children from three school classes in Skåne (n = 59). The school children (8-14 years) were tested with test of intelligence and attention, conducted self-assessments of mental illness and were rated on ADHD symptoms by parents and teachers. The results were compared with previously collected data from the child and adolescent psychiatry in Region Skåne. The results show that children with ADHD have statistically significant lower levels of mental health compared to controls and that there is a correlation between parent and teacher ratings of core symptoms and self-assessment on the Beck Youth Scales. Children with ADHD exhibit a statistically significant lower level of intelligence than controls. The level of mental health is higher than what could be expected from the literature, while the correlation between core symptoms and psychological distress follows the previously described patterns. No signifiant correlation could be found between the level of intelligence and mental illness, which is contrary to previous research. Possible reasons for the results are discussed, as well as clinical relevance and future research opportunities

m.3243A>G Mutation in Mitochondrial DNA Leads to Decreased Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscle and to Progressive β-Cell Dysfunction

OBJECTIVE—To study insulin sensitivity and perfusion in skeletal muscle together with the β-cell function in subjects with the m.3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA, the most common cause of mitochondrial diabetes

Extensive central nervous system involvement in Merkel cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare malignant cutaneous neoplasm that is locally invasive and frequently metastasizes to lymph nodes, liver, lungs, bone and brain. The incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma has increased in the past three decades.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 65-year-old Caucasian man presented with a sudden onset of severe headache and a three-month history of balance disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large meningeal metastasis. The radiologic workup showed retroperitoneal and inguinal lymph node metastases. Biopsy of the inguinal lymph nodes showed metastases of Merkel cell carcinoma. Biopsy from three different suspected skin lesions revealed no Merkel cell carcinoma, and the primary site of Merkel cell carcinoma remained unknown. Leptomeningeal metastases, new axillary lymph node metastases, and intraspinal (epidural and intradural) metastases were detected within six, seven and eight months, respectively, from the start of symptoms despite treating the intracranial metastasis with gamma knife and the abdominal metastases with surgical dissection and external radiotherapy. This indicates the aggressive nature of the disease.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of an intracranial meningeal metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma treated with gamma knife and of intraspinal intradural metastases of Merkel cell carcinoma. Despite good initial response to radiotherapy, recurrence and occurrence of new metastases are common in Merkel cell carcinoma.</p