Köp av skepp

Detta examensarbete handlar om några karakteristika beträffande skeppsköp, framför allt grunderna för skadestånd och hävning och därmed sammanhängande, den punkt när avtalsrättslig bundenhet uppstår. Ett antal engelska fall gås igenom, med vissa utblickar mot nordisk rätt, för att analysera detta. Jag analyserar också hur olika standardavtal löser några av de för skeppsköp karakteristiska problemen, bland annat det faktum att det kan är den form av köp där man har allra störst behov av att avsluta parternas mellanhavanden en gång för alla, då medkontrahenten,av vilken man vill kräva skadestånd mycket väl kan visa sig vara ett underkapitaliserat bolag i en stat där det är mer eller mindre omöjligt att få till stånd ett beslut om kvarstad. De senare versionerna av NSF visar sig renodla detta perspektiv något mer än exempelvis Nipponsale, som blir kvar i ett mer konventionellt köprättsligt tänkande.The thesis deals with the remedies in the context of the sale and purchase of ships. The remedies dealt with are are two, rescission and damages, and after a descriptive part which deals with the sale and purchase of ships in general terms the essays goes on to analyze the development in law cases reported in Lloyds Law Reports. I also make some comparisons with Nordic theory and jurisprudence on this topic, although the material is relatively scarce. I am especially concerned with the point at which a contractual obligation arises and I go through few English cases on this topic from Lloyds Law Reports. It turns out that the English courts have been very restrictive in letting a contract come into being without all parts, even the minor ones being decided. There is thus not much room for the law courts to complete a contract, which is one aspect in which the sale and purchase of ships is different from many other businesses. I do also consider how the different, most common sale forms; above all NSF and Nipponsale solve the most important problems concerning the remedies by breach of contract

Quality and Safety of Minimally Invasive Surgery: Past, Present, and Future

Adverse events because of medical errors are a leading cause of death in the United States (US) exceeding the mortality rates of motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer, and AIDS. Improvements can and should be made to reduce the rates of preventable surgical errors because they account for nearly half of all adverse events within hospitals. Although minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has proven patient benefits such as reduced postoperative pain and hospital stay, its operative environment imposes substantial physical and cognitive strain on the surgeon increasing the risk of error. To mitigate errors and protect patients, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to improve MIS. Clinical human factors, and biomedical engineering principles and methodologies can be used to develop and assess laparoscopic surgery instrumentation, practices, and procedures. First, the foundational understanding and the imperative to transform health care into a high-quality and safe system is discussed. Next, a generalized perspective is presented on the impact of the design and redesign of surgical technologies and processes on human performance. Finally, the future of this field and the research needed to further improve the quality and safety of MIS is discussed

Muscular Forces and Joint Angles in Small-Handed Pianists: A Pilot Study on the 7/8 Size Keyboard versus the Full Size Keyboard

This pilot study examined whether the use of a 7/8 keyboard contributed to the physical ease of small-handed pianists in comparison with the conventional piano keyboard. A secondary research question focused on the transition from one keyboard to the other. For the purposes of this study, we adopted David Steinbuhler’s postulated hand span of 8 inches or less as defining a “small-handed” pianist. The goal was to measure muscle loading and hand span during performance of the excerpt. Data collection included each participant being monitored using electromyography via surface electrodes, which were attached to the upper back/shoulder, parts of the hand and arm, and the masseter muscle of the jaw. Subjects were also fitted with electrogoniometers to capture how the span from the first metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint to the fifth MCP joint moved according to performance demands, as well as recording wrist flexion and extension, radial and ulnar deviation. The findings were that small-handed pianists preferred the smaller keyboard and were able to transition smoothly between it and the conventional keyboard. The maximal angle of hand span while playing a difficult piece averaged about 5º smaller on the radial side and 10º smaller on the ulnar side for the 7/8 keyboard, leading to perceived comfort (ease) and better performance as rated by the subjects

Task analysis method for procedural training curriculum development

A central venous catheter (CVC) is an important medical tool used in critical care and emergent situations. Integral to proper care in many circumstances, insertion of a CVC introduces the risk of central line-associated blood stream infections and mechanical adverse events; proper training is important for safe CVC insertion. Cognitive task analysis (CTA) methods have been successfully implemented in the medical field to improve the training of postgraduate medical trainees, but can be very time-consuming to complete and require a significant time commitment from many subject matter experts (SMEs). Many medical procedures such as CVC insertion are linear processes with well-documented procedural steps. These linear procedures may not require a traditional CTA to gather the information necessary to create a training curriculum. Accordingly, a novel, streamlined CTA method designed primarily to collect cognitive cues for linear procedures was developed to be used by medical professionals with minimal CTA training. This new CTA methodology required fewer trained personnel, fewer interview sessions, and less time commitment from SMEs than a traditional CTA. Based on this study, a streamlined CTA methodology can be used to efficiently gather cognitive information on linear medical procedures for the creation of resident training curricula and procedural skills assessments

Социальная политика предприятий

Материалы III Междунар. науч. конф. студентов, аспирантов и молодых ученых, Гомель, 20 мая 2010 г

Accepted and presented at The Design of Medical Devices Conference (DMD2015)

Sociometers are wearable devices that record speech patterns, body movements, user proximities, and face-to-face interactions [1], see The potential of these devices has not been tested in unstructured and more complex environments. Research is needed to compare sociometers data against gold standards to understand their limitations and potential. The objective of this paper is to understand the limitations and potential of sociometer devices in a live in situ field disaster preparedness simulation (1) with field observation notes to see if sociometers can capture macrolevel interactions; and (2) to video recorded (ground truth) interactions to test the granularity and accuracy of sociometer data. These results may facilitate use of sociometers in similar chaotic environments with complexity and uncertainty such as the emergency department. Methods The study was conducted in a dynamic disaster preparedness simulation environment involving over 150 actors and community participants for a total of 3.4 hr Five participants from the aid station and two observers wore sociometers around the neck Each sociometer device contained a WT12 Bluetooth module Comparison of interaction data was conducted using two methods. First, observer-O1 recorded major activities real-time using an electronic tablet application. Second method compared sociometer data with a 15 min video recording of a debrief session where the group primarily remained stationary in a circle with occasionally movement observed for LD, MM, and O

Анализ вероятностных моделей параметрических правил принятия решений функциональной диагностики

Рассмотрена задача статистического обоснования выбора вида математической модели измерительно-логических преобразований для процедуры функциональной диагностики с учетом ограниченности априорной информации о свойствах объекта диагностики. Построена и проанализирована информационная модель процедуры диагностики, которая учитывает требования плана диагностического эксперимента и вероятностные свойства математической модели этой процедуры.The problem of statistical justification of selecting the type of the mathematical model of measuring-logical transformations for the procedure of functional diagnostics taking into account limited aprioristic information on the properties of the object of diagnostics is considered. An information model of the procedure of diagnostics taking into account the requirements of the plan of diagnostics experiment and probabilistic properties of the mathematical model of this procedure is built and analyzed