5,289 research outputs found
Spirituality and Suicidal Behavior: The Mediating Role of Self-Forgiveness and Psychache
Growing evidence for protective factors of spirituality against physical and mental health related outcomes has led to the consideration of spirituality as a protective factor for suicidal behaviors. Although initial support for this association is promising, spirituality has yet to be explored as it relates to psychache. Additionally, self-forgiveness has emerged as an important protective factor of suicidal behavior, but has not been explored in the context of psychache. Following a model developed by Webb, Hirsch, and Toussaint (2015), the current project explores the protective role of spirituality on suicidal behavior based on three dimensions of spirituality: ritualistic, theistic, and existential. A total of 262 individuals completed a self-report survey online through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Results indicate that only Existential Spirituality is related to suicidal behaviors. Further, self-forgiveness and psychache were found to be serial mediators of this relationship. Implications for clinical interventions and directions for future research are discussed
Lattice QCD Evidence that the Lambda(1405) Resonance is an Antikaon-Nucleon Molecule
For almost 50 years the structure of the Lambda(1405) resonance has been a
mystery. Even though it contains a heavy strange quark and has odd parity, its
mass is lower than any other excited spin-1/2 baryon. Dalitz and co-workers
speculated that it might be a molecular state of an antikaon bound to a
nucleon. However, a standard quark-model structure is also admissible. Although
the intervening years have seen considerable effort, there has been no
convincing resolution. Here we present a new lattice QCD simulation showing
that the strange magnetic form factor of the Lambda(1405) vanishes, signaling
the formation of an antikaon-nucleon molecule. Together with a Hamiltonian
effective-field-theory model analysis of the lattice QCD energy levels, this
strongly suggests that the structure is dominated by a bound antikaon-nucleon
component. This result clarifies that not all states occurring in nature can be
described within a simple quark model framework and points to the existence of
exotic molecular meson-nucleon bound states.Comment: Manuscript accepted for publication. 4 figures, 5 page
Changes in catch rates and length and age at maturity, but not growth, of an estuarine plotosid (Cnidoglanis macrocephalus) after heavy fishing
The hypothesis that heavy fishing pressure has led to changes in the biological characteristics of the estuary cobbler (Cnidoglanis macrocephalus) was tested in a large seasonally open estuary in southwestern Australia, where this species completes its life cycle and is the most
valuable commercial fish species. Comparisons were made between seasonal data collected for this plotosid
(eeltail catfish) in Wilson Inlet during 2005–08 and those recorded with the same fishery-independent sampling regime during 1987–89. These comparisons show that the proportions of larger and older individuals and the catch rates in the
more recent period were far lower, i.e., they constituted reductions of 40% for fish ≥430 mm total length, 62% for fish ≥4 years of age, and 80% for catch rate. In addition, total mortality and fishing-induced mortality estimates increased by factors of ~2 and 2.5, respectively. The indications that the abundance and proportion of older C. macrocephalus declined between the two periods are consistent with the perception of long-term commercial fishermen and their shift toward using a smaller maximum gill net mesh to target this species. The sustained heavy fishing pressure on C. macrocephalus between 1987–89 and 2005–08 was accompanied by a marked reduction in length and age at maturity of this species. The shift in probabilistic maturation reaction norms toward smaller fish in 2005–08
and the lack of a conspicuous change in growth between the two periods indicate that the maturity changes were related to fishery-induced evolution rather than to compensatory
responses to reduced fish densities
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Circulation in Short Cylinders
In preparation for an experimental study of magnetorotational instability
(MRI) in liquid metal, we explore Couette flows having height comparable to the
gap between cylinders, centrifugally stable rotation, and high Reynolds number.
Experiments in water are compared with numerical simulations. Simulations show
that endcaps corotating with the outer cylinder drive a strong poloidal
circulation that redistributes angular momentum. Predicted azimuthal flow
profiles agree well with experimental measurements. Spin-down times scale with
Reynolds number as expected for laminar Ekman circulation; extrapolation from
two-dimensional simulations at agrees remarkably well with
experiment at . This suggests that turbulence does not dominate
the effective viscosity. Further detailed numerical studies reveal a strong
radially inward flow near both endcaps. After turning vertically along the
inner cylinder, these flows converge at the midplane and depart the boundary in
a radial jet. To minimize this circulation in the MRI experiment, endcaps
consisting of multiple, differentially rotating rings are proposed. Simulations
predict that an adequate approximation to the ideal Couette profile can be
obtained with a few rings
Role of the C-terminal domain in the structure and function of tetrameric sodium channels
Voltage-gated sodium channels have essential roles in electrical signalling. Prokaryotic sodium channels are tetramers consisting of transmembrane (TM) voltage-sensing and pore domains, and a cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal domain. Previous crystal structures of bacterial sodium channels revealed the nature of their TM domains but not their C-terminal domains (CTDs). Here, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy combined with molecular dynamics, we show that the CTD of the NavMs channel from Magnetococcus marinus includes a flexible region linking the TM domains to a four-helix coiled-coil bundle. A 2.9 Ã… resolution crystal structure of the NavMs pore indicates the position of the CTD, which is consistent with the EPR-derived structure. Functional analyses demonstrate that the coiled-coil domain couples inactivation with channel opening, and is enabled by negatively charged residues in the linker region. A mechanism for gating is proposed based on the structure, whereby splaying of the bottom of the pore is possible without requiring unravelling of the coiled-coil
Integrity in democratic politics
The complaint that many professional politicians lack integrity is common. However, it is unclear what such a judgement amounts to. Taking various codes of political ethics in the United Kingdom as my starting point, I examine the extent to which we can understand political integrity as a matter of politicians adhering to the obligations that official codes of ethics prescribe and, in a more general sense, the public-service ethos that underpins these codes. I argue that although this way of approaching the issue usefully draws our attention to an important class of positional duties that apply to politicians, commitment to principled political causes plays a further, indispensable role in coherent assessments of political integrity. In consequence, I claim that politicians of integrity succeed in furthering their deepest political commitments while avoiding malfeasance or misconduct. As such, the ascription of political integrity can often only be made when assessing a long train of action
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