Evaluate and Benchmark Aris

In this paper, we present evaluation and benchmark of Aris (Analogical Reasoning for reuse of Implementation & Specification). Aris aims to increase the number of verified programs by promotes the advantages of code reuse and the possibility of transferring specifications between similar implementations. Source code retrieval in Aris acts as an enabling technology for the reuse of formal specifications. Although the result of the early version of Aris is encouraging and show potential reuse of formal specifications, it still has many rooms for improvements and wide possibility for feature enhancement. By using experimental methodology, we identify the issues and limitation of Aris 1.0. We develop Aris 2.0 that improve the construction of conceptual graph, reduce the occurrences of false variable and loop mapping, enable adjustment for transferring specifications between different iteration process of for loop, and support assert and assume specifications transfer. We also introduce new metric (specification score) to ensure that the top ranked retrieved documents possess good quality specifications for transferring specifications. Finally, we compare the performance of Aris 1.0 and Aris 2.0 as retrieval and mapping system and also its ability to create the verified specification. In order to evaluate and benchmark Aris, we use 2 million methods of unverified implementations real world example amongst verified implementation. Our overall result shows the improvement in Aris 2.0 able to produce more successful mapping between similar source code files, increase ranking precision in retrieval phase, and generate more verified specifications

The Comparison Of Antibacterial Effects On Cinnamomum Burmannii Water Extract With Penicillin Against Staphylococcus Aureus In Vitro

Introduction: Along with the development of science, many varieties of microorganisms are resistant to antibiotics. To avoid cases of resistance grew severe, researchers developed alternative medicines as a substitute for antibiotics. One of the ingredients of herbs researched that has antibacterial activity is Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii). Aim: This study aimed to compare antibacterial effects water extract of Cinnamomum burmannii with penicillin against Staphylococcus aureus Methods: This an experimental studies witd non-equivalent control group design. Research using the bacteria S. aureus are divided into two groups, the control group and experimental group. The concentration of Cinnamomum burmannii and penicillin are used that is 80- 150mg/L. Antibacterial test used dilution method and a microplate reader for reading absorbance. This research conducted in the laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya for 2 weeks. Result: Based on visual observations, Cinnamomum burmannii’s MIC is located at concentration 320- 600 mg/L while penicillin’s MIC is located at concentration 160- 300 mg/L. Based on the results of microdilution test, Cinnamomum burmannii’s MIC is located at concentration 160- 300 mg/L while penicillin’s MIC is located at concentration 640- 1200 mg/L. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is giving Cinnamomum burmannii water extract in Staphylococcus aureus has efficacy or inhibitory that is not significantly different with penicillin

Pandangan Mahasiswa FISIP Unsoed Terhadap Radikalisme dan Terorisme

Radikalisme dan terorisme merupakan permasalahan yang sangat serius yang harus dihadapi oleh seluruh masyarakat Indonesia. Remaja terlebih mahasiswa berpotensi untuk bergabung pada kelompok ini terlebih saat ini media mengambil peran penting dalam menyebarkan informasi. Sehingga, perlu untuk mengetahui pandangan mahasiswa mengenai radikalisme dan terorisme. Hal ini untuk menghindari adanya kesalahpahaman mengenai kedua konsep ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan mahasiswa FISIP Unsoed terhadap radikalisme dan terorisme. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif jenis survei. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa FISIP Unsoed angkatan 2017, 2018 dan 2019. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah proportionate stratified random sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 142 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa memiliki pandangan negative terhadap radikalisme dan terorisme dan pandangan tersebut diperoleh melalui media massa. Twitter menjadi media sosial untuk memperoleh informasi radikalisme dan terorisme yang paling banyak dipilih oleh mahasiswa. Mahasiswa juga tidak pernah bergabung dan melakukan aksi radikal dan teror

John Cunningham Virus T-Antigen Expression on Mild and Severe Dysplasia Adenomatous Polyp, Low and High Grade Adenocarcinoma of The Colon

Background: John Cunningham Virus (JCV) was involved in pre-malignant lessions and carcinogenesis of the colon. The purpose of this study was to detect and analyze JCV T-Ag expression in mild and severe dysplasia adenomatous polyp as well as low and high grade adenocarcinoma of the colon.Materials and Methods: This study used analytic descriptive, cross sectional approach. The samples’ paraffin blocks were taken from colon adenomatous polyp cases (all grades of dysplasia) and cases of colon adenocarcinoma (all degrees) at Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia from 2010-2014 (5 years period). Samples were reviewed from HE slides to determine histopathologic diagnosis, grades of dysplasia and grading. We performed immunohistochemistry staining with monoclonal antibody anti–SV 40-T-Ag to detect JCV T-Ag expression.Results: We found 7 cases of colon adenomatous polyp, of which 4 (57%) were mild dysplasia and 3 (43%) were severe dysplasia. Positive expression of JCV T-Ag was detected in 1 (14%) mild dysplasia case. Data analysis using Fischer’s Exact Test was p>0.05. We also found 16 cases of colon adenocarcinoma. 14 cases (87.5%) of low grade variant and 2 cases (12.5%) of high grade variant. Positive expression of JCV T-Ag was detected in 2 (12.5%) low grade cases. Data analysis using Fischer’s Exact Test was p>0.05.Conclusion: There was no difference of JCV T-Ag expression in colon adenomatous polyp (mild-severe dysplasia) and colon adenocarcinoma (low-high grade) cases at Anatomical Pathology Laboratory School of Medicine, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia 2010-2014.Keywords: colon adenomatous polyp, adenocarcinoma, JCV T-A

Impacts of 1.5°C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems

An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate povert

Combined fit to the spectrum and composition data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory including magnetic horizon effects

The measurements by the Pierre Auger Observatory of the energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays can be interpreted assuming the presence of two extragalactic source populations, one dominating the flux at energies above a few EeV and the other below. To fit the data ignoring magnetic field effects, the high-energy population needs to accelerate a mixture of nuclei with very hard spectra, at odds with the approximate E$^{-2}$ shape expected from diffusive shock acceleration. The presence of turbulent extragalactic magnetic fields in the region between the closest sources and the Earth can significantly modify the observed CR spectrum with respect to that emitted by the sources, reducing the flux of low-rigidity particles that reach the Earth. We here take into account this magnetic horizon effect in the combined fit of the spectrum and shower depth distributions, exploring the possibility that a spectrum for the high-energy population sources with a shape closer to E$^{-2}$ be able to explain the observations

Studies of the mass composition of cosmic rays and proton-proton interaction cross-sections at ultra-high energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory

In this work, we present an estimate of the cosmic-ray mass composition from the distributions of the depth of the shower maximum (Xmax) measured by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We discuss the sensitivity of the mass composition measurements to the uncertainties in the properties of the hadronic interactions, particularly in the predictions of the particle interaction cross-sections. For this purpose, we adjust the fractions of cosmic-ray mass groups to fit the data with Xmax distributions from air shower simulations. We modify the proton-proton cross-sections at ultra-high energies, and the corresponding air shower simulations with rescaled nucleus-air cross-sections are obtained via Glauber theory. We compare the energy-dependent composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays obtained for the different extrapolations of the proton-proton cross-sections from low-energy accelerator data

Study of downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The surface detector (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory, consisting of 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors (WCDs), covers 3000 km2 in the Argentinian pampa. Thanks to the high efficiency of WCDs in detecting gamma rays, it represents a unique instrument for studying downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) over a large area. Peculiar events, likely related to downward TGFs, were detected at the Auger Observatory. Their experimental signature and time evolution are very different from those of a shower produced by an ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray. They happen in coincidence with low thunderclouds and lightning, and their large deposited energy at the ground is compatible with that of a standard downward TGF with the source a few kilometers above the ground. A new trigger algorithm to increase the TGF-like event statistics was installed in the whole array. The study of the performance of the new trigger system during the lightning season is ongoing and will provide a handle to develop improved algorithms to implement in the Auger upgraded electronic boards. The available data sample, even if small, can give important clues about the TGF production models, in particular, the shape of WCD signals. Moreover, the SD allows us to observe more than one point in the TGF beam, providing information on the emission angle