Tillage and traffic effects on soybean root distribution

No-tillage crop production has gained popularity in Tennessee due to the following reasons: demand to meet conservation compliance requirements regarding soil erosion, less time spent in spring planting operations, savings in fuel and labor, and improvements in weed control. Differences have been measured in soil properties between no-till and conventional tillage. These differences have raised concerns about effects on plant growth and rooting characteristics. An experiment was designed to evaluate soybean (Glycine max L., Merr.) root distribution under conventional and no-tillage, to evaluate traffickability of conventional and no-tillage and to evaluate the effect of trafficking on soybean root distribution. The experiment was conducted on long term tillage plots on Lexington silt loam soil (fine silty, mixed, thermic, Typic Paleudalf) located at the West Tennessee Experiment Station at Jackson, Tennessee. The experimental design in 1992 was a randomized complete block with tillage as the treatment, replicated four times. In 1993 the design was a randomized complete block with a split- plot arrangement of treatments replicated four times. Tillage was the whole plot treatment and traffic was the subplot treatment, and there were four replications. Soybean root distribution was evaluated using minirhizotrons. Trafficking was done in 1993 using an 8,100 kg tractor and evaluated by measuring changes in soil surface elevation, bulk density and penetrometer resistance. In 1992 there were no differences in root distribution until late in the season. Soybeans had greater root length under conventional tillage at deep (\u3e60 cm) depths than soybeans grown under no-till. In 1993, 30 days after emergence, no-tillage plots had greater root length at shallow (\u3c 25 cm) depths and conventional tillage plots had greater root length below 25 cm. Within row position had greater root lengths at depths less than 20 cm while between row positions had greater root length below 30 cm. At 30 days after emergence there were greater root lengths within row in the trafficked zone of the traffic treatment, but by 60 days after emergence there were no differences in root lengths related to traffic. The no-tillage treatment had greater traffickability, as indicated by less soil displacement, smaller bulk density increases and smaller penetrometer resistance increases than in conventional tillage. Due to high soil displacement in conventional tillage from trafficking, soil leveling was required before planting. In 1992 no-tillage had significantly greater yields than conventional tillage but in 1993 there were no differences in yields from tillage or traffic treatments. There were no agronomically significant differences observed in yield or root lengths from either tillage or traffic effects in this study

An educated Sint Maartener? National belonging in a primary school on Sint Maarten

Both in academia and in everyday discourse, the belief in the (re)production of national ideology and related civil culture(s) within state schools has remained strong. This idea(l) has also become salient among a growing number of educational specialists, anti-colonial activists and policymakers on Sint Maarten, the Dutch or southern side of the bi-national, Caribbean island St. Martin. Drawing on fourteen months of fieldwork I show how the different elites’ imaginations of the nation were remade and unmade by the teacher and pupils in a sixth-grade classroom in a public school. Lingering colonial relations, ongoing migration and popular culture challenged a well-bounded, shared imagination of the educated Sint Maartener

Student-Instructor Negotiations of Vulnerability in Higher Education

Brené Brown, author of Daring Greatly: How the Courage to Be Vulnerable Transforms the Way We Live, Love, Parent, and Lead states, Vulnerability is not weakness, and the uncertainty, risk, and emotional exposure we face every day are not optional (p. 2). The purpose of this study is to examine student-instructor negotiations of vulnerability via acts of self-disclosure both inside and outside of the classroom. For the traditional student, college is a transitional period that prove challenging, leaving one feeling vulnerable. This study offers a unique perspective of vulnerability and expands our limited knowledge on how vulnerable self-expression manifests within institutions for higher learning. I analyzed existing literature surrounding vulnerability to help guide my research. The literature includes topics such as communication apprehension, self-disclosure, authenticity and personhood, empathic responsiveness, and communication beyond the classroom. For this study, I utilize grounded theory to uncover greater insight on student-instructor negotiations of vulnerability. Throughout the coding process, I found three emergent themes: (1) vulnerability is a process, (2) vulnerability as a pathway to connection, and (3) vulnerability invites vulnerability

Defensive Football

I selected as the subject of my thesis Defense Against the Running Attack, because I believe it is the most important single factor of football. Probably it is not so flashy as repeated successful offensive thrusts, but surely more dependable and much easier physically and mentally on your football team. Another reason why I am writing on this subject is to endeavor to show the fellow who sits in the stands on Saturday afternoons that defensive play is just as com­plicated and needs as much or more quick thinking on the part of the player as offensive play. On offense he cheers the ball carrier forgetting the blockers. The same ls true of defense: he sees the man making the tackle not the men clearing out the interference to make that tackle possible. In this I have given information gathered from articles of the leading coaches of the country and from my own personal experience, and the teachings of my coaches, the fundamentals of line and backfield play against the running attack. In the chapter on Defensive Plans , I have illustrations and descriptions of numerous defensive plays and formations that are now being used throughout the country. I hope the material I have gathered and combined into this thesis, will be of some help to anyone seeking information on the subject

An Examination of the Correlation between Shoot Apical Meristem Size and leaf Heterophylly in Pisum sativum

This study is a quantitative examination of the ramifications of leaf development as influenced by the size of the shoot apical meristem. I wish not to delve into a genetic examination of the shoot apical meristem but rather into the possible correlation between the apical meristem size and leaf heterophylly. If changes in shoot apical meristem size influence heterophylly in leaves, then as shoot apical meristem changes, leaf characteristics will change. This change may result from two different relationships

Experimental Aerodynamic Derivatives of a Sinusoidally Oscillating Airfoil in Two-Dimensional Flow

Experimental measurements of the aerodynamic reactions on a symmetrical airfoil oscillating harmonically in a two-dimensional flow are presented and analyzed. Harmonic motions include pure pitch and pure translation, for several amplitudes and superimposed on an initial angle of attack, as well as combined pitch and translation. The apparatus and testing program are described briefly and the necessary theoretical background is presented. In general, the experimental results agree remarkably well with the theory, especially in the case of the pure motions. The net work per cycle for a motion corresponding to flutter is experimentally determined to be zero. Considerable consistent data for pure pitch were obtained from a search of available reference material, and several definite Reynolds number effects are evident

Factors Affecting Wisconsin Feeder Calf Prices at a Local Livestock Market

Increasingly available information is illustrating the value of management on feeder cattle prices. Information from more than 2,000 lots was collected from a single market facility in western Wisconsin from 2004 through 2006 to examine factors affecting feeder cattle prices. Factors such as weight, breed, haircoat color, sex, lot size, and management practices commonly associated with preconditioning programs are found to affect feeder cattle prices in a market where dairy calves are predominate. This information provides support for implementation of a statewide preconditioning program