Status and significance of hazel production in the Republic of Croatia

Lijeska (Corylus spp.) u odnosu na ostale voćne vrste posljednjih godina bilježi najveći rast u količini deklariranog sadnog materijala iz domaće proizvodnje i uvoza. S evidentiranih 4 137 ha proizvodnih površina lijeska je četvrta voćna vrsta po zastupljenosti u RH. Većina proizvodnje smještena je na području kontinentalne Hrvatske s naglaskom na obronke Papuka, Krndije i Bilogore. Najzastupljeniji uzgojni oblik je modificirana grmolika vaza, ali se u novijim nasadima uočava uzgojni oblik stablo te gušći sklopovi sadnje koji bi trebali olakšati strojnu berbu. Prema podacima FAO-a u Hrvatskoj se godišnje proizvede od 1 000 do 1 500 tona lješnjaka u ljusci. U nasadima su najzastupljenije sorte \u27Istarski duguljasti\u27 i \u27Rimski\u27. Rezultati istraživanja lijeske u našim agroekološkim uvjetima pokazuju da sorte lijeske imaju dobru i redovitu rodnost. Zbog zahtjeva konditorske industrije daljnja istraživanja treba usmjeriti na poboljšanje sortimenta uvođenjem novih sorti sitnijeg ploda i okrugle jezgre.Hazel (Corylus spp.) production of certified plant material both domestic and imported has been recording the highest growth in comparison to other fruit crops in recent years. It is the fourth fruit crop in the Republic of Croatia with recorded 4 137 ha of production area. Majority of the production is located in the continental part of Croatia being prominent on Papuk, Krndija and Bilogora hills. Mostly used training system is modified bush vase, but new tree type training system can be found in new plantations, as well as denser planting systems in order to facilitate harvesting. According to FAOSTAT annual hazelnut shell production in Croatia ranges from 1 000 to 1 500 tons. The most represented cultivars in hazelnut plantations are \u27Istarski duguljasti\u27 and \u27Romische Zellernuss\u27. Results of hazelnut research in our agro-ecological conditions indicate that cultivars have good and regular productivity, however due to special demands of confectionary industry further research needs to be directed towards cultivar improvement by introducing new cultivars with smaller fruits and a round kernel

Productivity and fruit quality of traditional apple cultivars within intensive production systems

U istraživanju su uspoređene tradicionalne (\u27Ovčji nos\u27, \u27Mašanka\u27 i \u27Zlatna zimska parmenka\u27) s otpornim (\u27Topaz\u27, \u27Pinova®\u27 i \u27Querina-Florina\u27) i komercijalnim sortama (\u27Gala Schnitzer Schniga®\u27, \u27Golden Delicious Reinders®\u27, \u27Idared\u27) s ciljem bolje procjene potencijala i kvalitete plodova sorti te za implementaciju ekološki prihvatljivije proizvodnje pojedinih sorti jabuka u intenzivnom sustavu uzgoja. U usporedbi s komercijalnim sortama u istraživanju, otporne sorte \u27Topaz\u27 i \u27Pinova\u27 pokazale su komparativna svojstva s obzirom na produktivnost, dok je sorta \u27Querina-Florina\u27 imala značajno manju učinkovitost priroda. Od tradicionalnih sorti izdvaja se sorta \u27Ovčji nos\u27 čiji je prirod komparativan s nekim komercijalnim sortama. Kvaliteta ploda svih sorti u istraživanju bila je zadovoljavajuća s obzirom na veličinu ploda te sadržaj topljive suhe tvariTraditional cultivars (‘Ovčji nos’ – ‘Schafnase’, ‘Mašanka’ – ‘Maschanzker’ and ‘Zlatna zimska parmenka’ – ‘Goldparmäne’) were compared with resistant (‘Topaz’, ‘Pinova®’ and ‘Querina-Florina’) and commercial cultivars (‘Gala Schnitzer Schniga®’, ‘Golden Delicious Reinders®’ and ‘Idared’) within the system of intensive production aiming to better evaluate production potential, fruit quality and possibilities to implement more ecologically acceptable production practices of certain apple cultivars. In comparison to commercial cultivars, resistant cvs ‘Topaz’ and ‘Pinova’ demonstrated relative characteristics with regards to productivity, whilst cv. ‘Querina-Florina’ had significantly lower yield productivity. Out of traditional cultivars cv. ‘Ovčji nos – Schafnase’ stands out with higher yields relative to certain commercial cultivars. Fruit quality of all cultivars in research was satisfactory when it comes to fruit size and soluble solids content

The Effect of Weather Conditions on Fruit Skin Colour Development and Pomological Characteristics of Four Apricot Cultivars Planted in Donja Zelina

Research was conducted on four apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars of different ripening periods in Donja Zelina, during 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. Trees were planted in 2006, and grafted on a WaxWa rootstock. During 2010 growing season, ground- and over-colour of the fruit skin was measured from 97 to 114 days after full bloom (DAFB) for cultivars ‘Hargrand’, ‘Harlayne’ and ‘Harogem’ and from 81 to 99 DAFB for cultivar ‘Pinkcot®’ colorimetrically multiple times in intervals of three to four days using the change in ground-colour of fruit skin from green to green – yellow as a indicator for fi rst measurement determined by colour chart for apricots. At harvest in 2010 and 2011, fruit weight, height, width and thickness, fruit flesh firmness and soluble solids content were determined as well. The most intensive changes were recorded in value a* of fruit skin ground- and over-colour in all four cultivars during the last 10 days before harvest in 2010, and ranged from 19.33 in cv. ‘Hargrand’ to 30.55 in cv. ‘Harogem’. Cv. ‘Pinkcot®’ and cv. ‘Harogem’ have developed higher b* values of fruit skin ground-colour then cultivars ‘Hargrand’ and ‘Harlayne’ in 2010, reaching values of 47.79 and 47.30, respectively. At harvest in 2011, values a* and b* were signifi cantely lower then in 2010 for all four cultivars, however bigger differences were recorded in cv. ‘Harogem’ and cv. ‘Pinkcot®’. For measured pomological characteristics at harvest, significant differences were observed between cultivars in both growing seasons for all measured characteristics, except for cv. ‘Hargrand’. The biggest difference in fruit weight, height, width and thickness was observed in cv. ‘Harlayne’. Results suggest that high temperature fluctuations and below average precipitations influenced the fruit skin colour and quality parameters of apricots in the sense of smaller chromaticity values

Influence of four different dwarfing rootstocks on phenolic acids and anthocyanin composition of sweet cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i> L) cvs 'Kordia' and 'Regina'

Influence of four different dwarfing rootstocks: ‘Gisela 5’, ‘Gisela 6’, ‘PHL-C’ and ‘PiKU1’ on the amount of polyphenols (total phenols, total and individual anthocyanins and individual hydroxycinnamic acids) of sweet cherry cultivars ‘Kordia’ and ‘Regina’ was researched as well as correlations between polyphenols and colorimetrically measured fruit skin colour. Total phenols (TP) and total anthocyanins (TA) were determined by spectroscopic methods, while individual anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic were quantified and identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ‘Gisela 6’ and ‘PiKU1’ had the strongest influence on the TP content of both cultivars. The main hydroxycinnamic acid identified was p-coumaric acid (p-CA) which content was influenced by cultivar, vegetation year and interaction of cultivar*rootstock*year. Content of p-CA varied the most on rootstock ‘Gisela 5’ for both cultivars, with its lowest amount obtained in 2013 and the highest in 2014 in comparison to other rootstocks.The largest difference in TA content in cultivar*rootstock interaction was identified in ‘Gisela 6’. Substantial difference in correlation pattern between cvs. ‘Kordia’ and ‘Regina’ lead to the conclusion that values L* and b* are better TA indicators rather than values a* and Hue

Phenological, pomological and physical characteristics of 13 sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) cultivars planted in D. Zelina – preliminary results

U radu su prikazani rezultati mjerenja fenoloških, pomoloških i fiziklanih svojstava plodova 13 sorti višnje sličnog vremena dozrijevanja posađenih u sortno-introdukcijskom pokusu u pokusnom voćnjaku Zavoda za vinogradarstvo, vinarstvo i voćarstvo u Donjoj Zelini. Istraživanja su provedena na sortama: Köröszer, Kos, Gerema, Ungarische Traubige, Morina, Köröszer Pandy, Maliga Emleke, Schattenmorelle Vowi, Karneol, Debreceni bötermö, Kelleris 16, Schattenmorelle Bonn i Kántorjánosi. Stabla su posađena 2007. godine. Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi ponašanje ovih sorti u našim agro-ekološkim uvjetima te usporediti nove i već poznate sorte višnje. Tijekom vegetacijske sezone u 2011. godini vršena su fenološka opažanja, a mjerena su i sljedeća svojstva: masa, visina, širina i debljina ploda te duljina peteljke. Fizikalna svojstva plodova izvedena su računarskim putem iz izmjerenih osnovnih pomoloških parametara. Prosječna masa ploda kretala se od 4,66 g (Gerema) do 8,16 g (Karneol), visina od 16,58 mm (Ungarische Traubige) do 20,59 mm (Karneol), širina od 19,70 mm (Ungarische Traubige) do 25,15 mm (Karneol), debljina od 17,57 mm (Kántorjánosi) do 22,77 mm (Karneol), a duljina peteljke od 26,51 mm (Maliga Emleke) do 46,33 mm (Köröszer Pandy).Results of phenological, pomological and physical characteristics of 13 sour cherry cultivars of similar ripening periods planted in varietal and introduction trials in experimental orchard of the Institute of Viticulture, Enology and Pomology in Donja Zelina, was presented in this paper. Research was conducted on following cultivars: Köröszer, Kos, Gerema, Ungarische Traubige, Morina, Köröszer Pandy, Maliga Emleke, Schattenmorelle Vowi, Karneol, Debreceni bötermö, Kelleris 16, Schattenmorelle Bonn and Kántorjánosi. Trees were planted in 2007. The aim of this research was to determine reaction of cultivars in our agro-ecological conditions and compare new and already known sour cherry varieties. During 2011 vegetation season following characteristics were measured: weigth, heigth, length and width of the fruit and lenght of the petiole. Physical properties of fruits were calculated by using the results of measured pomological parameters. The average fruit weight ranged from 4.66 g (Gerema) to 8.16 g (Karneol), fruit height from 16.58 mm (Ungarische Traubige) to 20.59 mm (Karneol), fruit width from 19.70 mm (Ungarische Traubige) to 25.15 mm (Karneol), fruit thickness from 17.57 mm (Kántorjánosi) to 22.77 mm (Karneol), and length of a petiole from 26.51 mm (Maliga Emleke) to 46.33 mm (Köröszer Pandy)

Legislative framework of National Program for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 2021-2027

Vlada Republike Hrvatske je na sjednici održanoj 29. srpnja 2021. donijela Odluku o donošenju Nacionalnog programa očuvanja i održive uporabe biljnih genetskih izvora za hranu i poljoprivredu u Republici Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od 2021. do 2027. godine (»Narodne novine«, broj 86/21). Ovo je treće programsko razdoblje koje se u Republici Hrvatskoj u kontinuitetu odvija od 2013. godine. Cilj programa je promicanje očuvanja i održive uporabe biljnih genetskih izvora. Program se financira sredstvima iz Državnog proračuna i iz Mjere 10, podmjere 10.2. Programa ruralnog razvoja. Sudionici programa su do ovog programskog razdoblja bile većinom znanstvene institucije i u manjoj mjeri trgovačka društva koja se bave očuvanjem biljnih genetskih izvora. U ovom programskom razdoblju su u rad uključene i udruge, jer je jedan od ciljeva novog programskog razdoblja raditi na on farm očuvanju. Samo dugoročnim planiranjem i sudjelovanjem dionika različitih djelatnosti može se uspješno provesti ex situ i in situ očuvanje biljnih genetskih izvora.At its session held on 29 July 2021, The Government of the Republic of Croatia adopted the Decision on the adoption of the National Program for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in the Republic of Croatia for the period 2021 to 2027 (OG 86/2021). This is the third programming period that has been running continuously in the Republic of Croatia since 2013. The aim of the National program is to promote conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources. The program is financed from the State Budget and from submeasure 10.2. Rural Development Program. In previous years, the participants in the program were mostly scientific institutions and companies dealing with the conservation of plant genetic resources. In this programming period, farmers associations are also involved in the work, because one of the goals of the new programming period is to work on on farm conservation. Only through long-term planning and participation of all relevant stakeholders in various activities ex situ and in situ conservation of plant genetic resources can be successfully implemented

Data from: Plum germplasm in Croatia and neighbouring countries assessed by microsatellites and DUS descriptors

At a certain period during the last century, former Yugoslavia (which among others used to include Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia) was the biggest producer of plums in the world. Traditional plum cultivars, still grown in this region, represent a mixture of several species including: European plums (Prunus domestica L.), mirabelles (Prunus insititia var. syriaca (Borkh.) Koehne), and damsons (P. insititia L.). The basic problem with the utilization of this plum germplasm, either for cultivation or breeding purposes, is a lack of reliable pomology data or reference repositories that would enable positive identification of cultivars. In this study, 62 plum accessions (42 traditional Croatian accessions, six well-known traditional accessions collected from Serbia and Bosnia, and 14 international, reference cultivars) were assessed using microsatellite markers and distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) plum descriptors. Nine primer pairs amplified 168 distinct alleles, or on average 18.7 alleles per locus. A significant differentiation between the traditional plum cultivars and international reference cultivars, was detected through Fst (Fst = 0.022; P < 0.0001), analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA; f CT = 0.054; P < 0.05) and later confirmed by a factorial correspondence analysis (FCA). Bayesian method enabled the classification of mirabelle, damson, and European plum genotypes. Principal component analyses, based on 22 morphologic traits, managed to separate mirabelle accession from the European plum and damson accessions, but there was a general lack of correlation between the observed morphologic traits and the molecular data. Results of this study indicate that traditional Croatian accessions represent a diverse and underutilized plant genetic material, which should be conserved

SSR profiles and sizes of private alleles of 62 analysed plum accessions

Table1 - SSR profiles (allele sizes expressed in base pairs) of 62 analysed plum accessions (42 traditional accessions from Croatia, 6 traditional, regional cultivars from the neighbouring countries along with 14 international reference cultivars), investigated using 9 SSR markers. Table 2 -Sizes of 52 private alleles registered exclusively among traditional Croatian plum accessions and eight private alleles found only among international reference cultivars