Pelatihan Penerapan Teknologi Fiber Glass pada Perahu Tradisional di Desa Karangsong

Potential of marine fisheries in our country is very big, one of them in Indramayu. However, the people who tend to still use the traditional way of making or repairing boats resulted in utilization is not optimal. Karangsong fundamental problem is the inability of traditional fishing boats as a means of providing the arrest. An alternative form of boat made of fiberglass are very worthy to be a technological solution. Fiberglass technology has long been known, but its use by fishermen in the village of Indramayu especially Karangsong not optimal. Therefore, the need for training on the application of fiberglass technology. The program is expected to make the fishing communities get added value and simplify the process of making a boat that is necessary to improve the productivity of the fishermen. The method is performed in the implementation of this program for surveying, socialization programs to the community in the village Karangsong, preparation tools and place, giving General knowledge of fiberglass materials, training design boat design, the development of the use of resin, boat making, evaluation and monitoring. Result of this activity is increased knowledge about fiberglass fishing communities around and start applying fiberglass technology for repair and manufacture of traditional boats

Review of Beef Cattle Value Chain in Ethiopia

Beef cattle are one of a few agricultural commodities in Ethiopia from which the country earn foreign currency through both live and processed forms of the commodity export and also most of rural poor are engaged in raring it to fulfill their daily needs and economic gaps. The main objective of this review is to review beef cattle fattening practices/systems and marketing, to identify main actors in beef cattle  value  chain  and  their  main  functions  along  the  value chain  and  to  review the potential opportunities of beef cattle and the overall challenges in Ethiopia and also beef cattle value chain maps. In both rural and urban areas, smallholder cattle fattening is emerging as an important source of income. In rural Ethiopia, cattle fattening is based on locally available feed resources. Beef cattle fattening practices in Ethiopia is categorized in to three major fattening systems are traditional system, by product-based system and Hararghe fattening system. Only a small fraction of Ethiopian beef is raised in feedlots-smallholders throughout the country fatten the vast majority of cattle in backyard systems. There are a number of challenges that need to be overcome in order to enhance the market success of smallholder production. On the input side, technical inputs such as feeds are scarce, relatively expensive and of poor quality, and the knowledge and expertise needed is not readily accessible. On the output side, organizational farm-to-market links are weak as are the overall infrastructure investment, enabling the policy and regulatory environment to support smallholder market access. The other challenge for Ethiopia’s beef cattle chain is a shortage of animal feed, resulting from drought and land use change. Limited supply has resulted in high feed prices, which in turn has led to high domestic prices and reduced competitiveness on international export markets. Additionally, high feed costs have reduced incentives for feeding regimes, resulting in “non-uniform” lines of animals being marketed. Some of main opportunities for beef cattle value chain are the growing populations; urbanization and economic growth in developing countries are contributing to growing demand for livestock and livestock products. And also the government recognition for the importance of livestock in poverty alleviation and its emphasis on modernizing and commercializing the livestock sub-sector in recent years. Trekking declines as a share of all animal movement as one move up in the marketing channels but remains a major cost in the less-advantaged rural areas. At the other end of the value chain, air transport costs are widely reported to present a barrier to Ethiopia’s competitive position on export markets; costs range from USD 700/t (Middle East destinations) to USD 2500. Formally, Ethiopia exports approximately 200,000 livestock annually. This is significantly higher than the annual official exports of cattle (12,934 head) between 1998 and 2003. In Ethiopia, recent studies estimated that annual illegal flow of livestock through boundaries reaches as high as 320,000 cattle. This being the potential for export, the actual performance has remained very low, leaving most (55 to 85%) of the projected livestock off take for the unofficial cross-border export and the domestic market. The beef cattle value chain actors are producers, collectors, feedlots, traders, cooperatives, brokers/middlemens and abbators/butchers. Keywords: Beef cattle, value chain, chain actors, beef cattle production and marketin

Pengaruh Store Atmosphere dan Harga terhadap Keputusan Pembelian(Studi Pada Konsumen Excelso Jalan Sulawesi No 71 Surabaya)

Persaingan bisnis kafe yang semakin ketat menuntut para pelaku bisnis untuk memaksimalkan kinerjanya melalui strategi yang tepat dalam menampilkan produk atau jasa yang terbaik untuk dapat memenuhi selera konsumen yang selalu berkembang dan berubah-ubah. Faktor–faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam menghadapi persaingan bisnis kafe antara lain store atmosphere dan harga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji adakah pengaruh store atmosphere dan harga terhadap keputusan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 110 responden, mereka adalah konsumen Excelso Jalan Sulawesi No. 71 Surabaya yang berusia minimal 17 tahun dan sudah pernah mengunjungi Excelso jalan Sulawesi No 71 Surabaya minimal 1 kali. Skala pengukuran dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala Likert. Kemudian dianlisis menggunakan teknik Regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara store atmosphere dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian. Kata Kunci : Store Atmosphere, harga dan Keputusan Pembelian The increasing of cafe bussiness competition made the bussiness owner to maximize their performance through the right strategy, in showcasing products or services that best meet consumer tastes that is always evolving and changing. There are a lot of factors to be consideredto face cafe business competition such as store atmosphere and price. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of store atmosphere and prices towardpurchase decision. This study used sample of 110 respondents, they are consumers of Excelso Jalan Sulawesi No. 71 Surabaya with characteristic at least 17 years old and had ever visited Excelso Sulawesi road No. 71 at least one time. The scale of measurement in this study using a Likert scale. Then analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The results showed that there is significant influence between store atmosphere and price on purchase decisions. Keywords: Store Atmosphere, price and Purchase Decisio

Prevalence of Underweight and Associated Factors among Children Aged 6 to 59 Months in Areka Town, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Background: Underweight remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. Over two-thirds of these deaths, which are often associated with inappropriate feeding practices, occur during the first five years of life. The study was to assess the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors among children aged 6 to 59 months in Areka town, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A community based cross-sectional survey design was used among randomly selected 379 children and their mothers / care givers (mothers-child pair). Socio- demographic data were collected using an interviewer administered pretested structured questionnaire. Moreover, anthropometric data were collected using digital weight scale, length and height boards. Data were entered in EPI-info Version 3.5.2 and then exported to SPSS version 21.0.  The World Health Organization (WHO) anthros software was used to analyze   anthropometric data to determine Z-score.  Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.  Odds ratio along with 95% CI was estimated to identify factors associated with child underweight using multivariable logistic regression. The level of statistical significance was declared at p –value less - than 0.05.Results: - The prevalence of underweight was 13.5%. In multivariable logistic regression analysis having no formal education [(AOR=5.7, 95%CI= (1.9-16.7)] was associated with underweight. Having large family size (7+) was associated with underweight [(AOR=7.9, 95%CI=2.7-17.6)]. Mother’s occupation (being unemployed) [(AOR=4.5, 95%CI= (1.8-11.2)], child’s age (6-36 months) [(AOR=2.2, 95%CI= (1.08-4.8)] were also found to be factors associated with underweight.Conclusion: The prevalence of child underweight was found to be moderate   in the study area.  Educational status of mothers, family size, dietary diversity score, and occupation of mother and age of the child remain key risk factors for underweight. Therefore; immediate interventions targeted to community management of acute malnutrition might be appropriate to manage underweight which is an indication of acute malnutrition in the study area. Keywords: underweight, malnutrition, under five childre

Primary School Teachers’ Preparation and Use of Lesson Plans in Igunga District, Tanzania

This study examined teachers’ frequency of preparation and use of lesson plans. The study location was Igunga District of Tabora Region in Tanzania. Mixed approach and explanatory research design were used and a total of 69 respondents were sampled. Among them, 60 were teachers from four purposely selected primary schools, four were head teachers and five were school quality assurance officers. Data was collected through a questionnaire, an interview schedule and document. Analysis of data was done through the thematic approach and the descriptive statistics. The established that not all teachers prepared the lesson plans; there were those who prepared frequently, those who prepared occasionally and those who did not prepare at all.  It is also concluded that not all teachers used the prepared lesson plans in the classrooms during teaching and learning process. There were those who used lesson plans frequently, those who used lesson plans occasionally and those who did not use the lesson plans at all in the teaching and learning process. The researchers therefore recommended that teachers should be given more in service training on the preparation of lesson plans and they should be closely capacitated for them to refrain from teaching without prerequisite guiding documents including lesson plans. Head teachers as internal quality assurers and the DSQAOs as external quality assurers should closely supervise teachers to fulfill this crucial role as professional teachers.  Educational leaders at district and national levels should ensure effective preparation and use of lesson plans to teachers through close monitoring and facilitating teachers with all necessary tools for the preparation of lesson plans

Profiling natural autoantibodies in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex condition involving chronic inflammation of the airways (chronic bronchitis) and destruction of airways parenchyma (emphysema). It is characterized by progressive airway limitation that is not fully reversible. Although the precise mechanisms of disease remains unclear, it has been thought that noxious materials, such as gases caused by smoking, may play role in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, only 15-20% of smokers developed COPD and non-smokers have also developed the disease, suggesting that other determinants may be involved the disease onset and other contributing factors may be exist. One such factor may be autoimmunity. COPD is accepted as an inflammatory disorder with evidence of circulating autoantibodies against variety of targets. Natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) are autoantibodies found in the circulation of healthy individuals without development of autoimmunity and they are considered to play a role in immune regulation and act as a protector in healthy individuals. However it has been suggested that nAAbs, under circumstances, may shift to be pathological autoantibodies. The aim of the study was to investigate nAAbs in healthy individuals in relation to COPD. To achieve the project aim; firstly ELISA was used to detect reactivity of IgG , IgM and IgA nAAbs in 23 healthy non-smoker individuals to four auto antigens. However, ELISA technique has some limitations. It requires high sample volume and takes considerable time. In order to perform our goal, that is to investigate 37 auto antigens and screen numerous healthy individuals and COPD patients’ samples in the limited time of this PhD project, a high throughput, multiplexed assay was required. Therefore, we moved to develop an antigen microarray platform that would be a high throughput technique that is rapid, accurate, automated and highly sensitive. Before applying this technique, quality control experiments were performed to optimize the procedures, including testing different slides surface coatings, investigating numerous blocking buffers, as well as series of validatory tests to determine if the assay was both accurate and reproducible. The optimization results showed that a combination of aminosilane coated slides and I-block buffer performed well and gave high signal intensity and low backgrounds. Validation tests were performed for the optimized technique and showed no cross reactivity occurred, coefficient of variation (CV%) was acceptable, and the limit of detection (LoD) was satisfactory. This validated technique was used to then screen natural autoantibody responses to a range of autoantigens in healthy non-smokers and COPD samples. The study compared purified and unpurified IgG Abs in healthy individuals and COPD patient samples and showed significance differences in reactivity of IgG Abs in most auto antigens investigated in healthy subjects. Conversely, no significance differences were detected in autoantibody responses to most auto antigens investigated in COPD patients samples suggesting serum components may be involved in controlling the auto reactivity of natural IgG Abs in healthy individuals. Natural IgM Abs was also investigated against 37 auto antigens in healthy individuals and COPD patient samples and the results showed various pattern of reactivity of IgM Abs to all auto antigens suggesting that natural IgM Abs may play a role in controlling the auto reactivity of natural IgG Abs in healthy individuals. This control may be achieved via either anti-idiotypic activity of the natural IgM Abs or could be in part dependent on the competitive binding of IgM Abs to the auto antigens. Regarding comparison of autoantibody responses to 37 auto antigens in COPD patients compared to healthy individuals, the results showed there was a significance increased in reactivity for both IgG and IgM auto antibodies in COPD group compared to healthy subjects for Elastin, ATS 0.02/sm, HNRPD, HNRP2B1, Keratin8, PL-12, Vimentin, BPI, Vitronectin, Collagen V and Lactoferrin. This suggests that these auto antigens have the potential to be used as a diagnostic biomarker for the detection of COPD or tracking disease progression. In conclusion, nAAbs showed various pattern of reactivity to all auto antigens investigated in this study with high levels observed in reactivity of purified IgG Abs in healthy individuals. This suggests that a serum component may be involved in regulation of auto reactivity of natural IgG Abs in normal conditions. This thesis has also developed a rapid, inexpensive, broad-spectrum antigen microarray technology, which may have an important future role in monitoring the levels of nAAbs and early diagnosis of COPD

Pengaruh Store Atmosphere dan Harga terhadap Keputusan Pembelian(Studi Pada Konsumen Excelso Jalan Sulawesi No 71 Surabaya)

Persaingan bisnis kafe yang semakin ketat menuntut para pelaku bisnis untuk memaksimalkan kinerjanya melalui strategi yang tepat dalam menampilkan produk atau jasa yang terbaik untuk dapat memenuhi selera konsumen yang selalu berkembang dan berubah-ubah. Faktor–faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam menghadapi persaingan bisnis kafe antara lain store atmosphere dan harga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji adakah pengaruh store atmosphere dan harga terhadap keputusan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 110 responden, mereka adalah konsumen Excelso Jalan Sulawesi No. 71 Surabaya yang berusia minimal 17 tahun dan sudah pernah mengunjungi Excelso jalan Sulawesi No 71 Surabaya minimal 1 kali. Skala pengukuran dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala Likert. Kemudian dianlisis menggunakan teknik Regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara store atmosphere dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian. Kata Kunci : Store Atmosphere, harga dan Keputusan Pembelian The increasing of cafe bussiness competition made the bussiness owner to maximize their performance through the right strategy, in showcasing products or services that best meet consumer tastes that is always evolving and changing. There are a lot of factors to be consideredto face cafe business competition such as store atmosphere and price. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of store atmosphere and prices towardpurchase decision. This study used sample of 110 respondents, they are consumers of Excelso Jalan Sulawesi No. 71 Surabaya with characteristic at least 17 years old and had ever visited Excelso Sulawesi road No. 71 at least one time. The scale of measurement in this study using a Likert scale. Then analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The results showed that there is significant influence between store atmosphere and price on purchase decisions. Keywords: Store Atmosphere, price and Purchase Decisio

Fungi associated oral cavity hygiene and denture stomatitis: A review on diagnostic and treatment

Oral mucosal diseases, communications of opportunistic fungi with oral bacteria, host defense, and predisposing factors can affect oral hygiene. Denture stomatitis is a common inflammatory reaction with multifactorial etiology that is affected by oral hygiene. One of the most important factors that affect this condition is fungi, particularly Candida albicans. Accurate identification of etiologic agents of stomatitis at the species level is essential for selecting an effective drug and definitive treatment. The purpose of this article is to investigate the factors that are affected by oral hygiene with priority on the effect of Candida spp. on denture wearers

Screening for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among cancer patients in Kirkuk province by using some serological tests

The present study aims to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cancer patients in Azadi Teaching Hospital a group of healthy individuals were used as a control . Several Serological methods such as Latex Agglutination Test LAT, Modified Agglutination Test2-ME, Rapid- Cassette Test and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were used to investigate the anti-antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii type IgG and IgM.The study was conducted on184person, including 136 cancer patients and 48 normal people have been adopted as control samples. The Blood samples were collected from the beginning of February to the end of November 2014. The results showed that the rate of Toxoplasma infection in cancer patients was 47.06 % for latex agglutination test LAT and 28.70% by using the modified agglutination test 2-ME and 8.8% using the Rapid test, and ELISA test was 24.26%. The chronic infection rate was 18.38% and a rate 2.94% of was for acute infection and mixed infection(acute ,chronic)