Environmental Biotechnology Screening Cu and Cd tolerance in Salix species from North Morocco

Hydroponic culture has been used to compare copper and cadmium tolerance in five Salix species from North Morocco using different approaches. Measurements of growth parameters have been combined with those of some photosynthetic parameters. Tolerance index based either on root or shoot growth allowed to define Salix pedicelata and Salix purpurea as Cu and Cd-tolerant species, respectively. From the methodological point of view, the use of tolerance index based on aerial part growth, appeared mostadequate for the screening of metal tolerance in woody plants. On the other hand, no significant effect on chlorophyll content was observed under treatment with either Cu or Cd, in any of the Salix species analyzed. In vitro experiments with thylakoid membranes showed that the effects on the electron transport chain differ for each metal and species used. Furthermore, it seems that metal tolerance at the chloroplast level is distinct to that of the whole plant

L’ intelligence économique: Approche conceptuelle et fonctionnelle au service de la stratégie de l’entreprise

Cette recherche porte sur la conceptualisation et le contextualisation de l’intelligence économique, ainsi que son application au niveau de l’organisation. Une revue de la littérature est menée afin d’identifier les fondements de l’intelligence économique et son évolution historique afin de mieux maitriser le concept et ses enjeux. L’objectif de cette revue de la littérature est de déterminer l’apport du processus d’intelligence économique, à travers le cycle de l’information à la mise en œuvre de la stratégie d’entreprise en lui permettant de développer un avantage concurrentiel

Assessment of Color, Capsaicinoids, Carotenoids and Fatty Acids Composition of Paprika Produced from Moroccan Pepper Cultivars (Capsicum Annuum L.)

Analysed quality parameters of paprika powder (Capsicum annuum L.) collected from three localities in Morocco (Tadla, Gharb and Elkalaa des Sraghna) were color, total capsaicinoids, total carotenoid, fat content and fatty acid composition. The oil contents of paprika powder collected from the three localities varied relatively from 7.55g to 8.67 g/100 g. The main fatty acids among the different paprika oils were linoleic acid (60.1–70.9%), oleic acid (12.1–16.1%) and palmitic acid (7.7-14.5%). Remarkable amounts of capsaicinoids were found in the different locations, with a maximum obtained for Elkalaa des Sraghna paprika (184.97mg/kg). Total carotenoid content values averaged from 2323.66 to 3025.05 mg/kg dw with the high content obtained for the Tadla paprika. The ASTA Values differ significantly between the three localities; the high value of ASTA 20 was obtained for Tadla paprika. The present study showed that the different paprika powders are a potential source of valuable oil and Color that could be used for edible and industrial applications. Keywords: Capsicum annuum L., Paprika, Oil, Fatty acid, Capsaicinoids, Total carotenoid, ASTA, Color

L’Intelligence économique : levier de développement stratégique à l’international

L’Intelligence économique : levier de développement stratégique à l’internationalNotre principale problématique de cette recherche porte sur la capacité d’absorption d’une entreprise au sein d’un dispositif d’intelligence économique afin de développer un avantage concurrentiel à l’international. Notre recherche porte sur l’articulation entre deux concepts majeurs en sciences de gestion : l’intelligence économique et la capacité d’absorption. Nous tentons de déterminer un cadre conceptuel et théorique pour comprendre les articulations existantes de l’intelligence économique et la capacité d’absorption. L’IE de par sa fonction stratégique d’aide à la prise de décision et son approche processus de traitement de l’information, permet d’améliorer la capacité d’absorption de l’information externe par l’organisation dans le but de créer un avantage concurrentiel pérenne. A ce titre, l’information collectée par la pratique de la veille puis analysée et interprétée par un système IE globale se transforme en ressource stratégique créatrice de valeur pour la firme. C’est ce mécanisme de transformation que nous tentons d’élucider à travers la proposition d’un modèle de recherche et la formulation de ses hypothèses. Dans cet article, nous nous basons sur l’approche basée sur les ressources et le cadre théorique des capacités dynamiques pour répondre à notre problématique de recherche.Mots clés : Intelligence économique, capacité d’absorption, avantage concurrentiel, performance, innovationClassification JEL : M ; L20 ; L15AbstractCompetitive Intelligence: strategic lever for international development Our research problem deals with linkage between Absorptive Capacity (ACAP) and Competitive Intelligence (CI) to convert information into competitive advantage. Our research focuses on the articulation between two major concepts in management science: competitive intelligence and absorptive capacity. We aim to determine a conceptual and theoretical framework to understand the existing articulations and linkage between these two concepts. Competitive intelligence through its strategic function and its process approach, improves the ability of the organization to absorb external information in order to create a lasting competitive advantage. Indeed, the information collected and then analysed and interpreted by a global IE system, is transformed into a strategic resource that creates value for the firm. This is the mechanism of information transformation that we are trying to elucidate through the proposal of a research model and its hypotheses. In this article, we based our research on the resource-based approach and the theoretical framework of dynamic capabilities. Finally, we concretely study a company’s ability to transform information from its external environment into strategic resources that create a lasting competitive advantage.Key words : competitive intelligence, absorptive capacity, competitive advantage, performance, innovationJEL classification: M ; L20 ; L15الملخصعنوان المقال بالعربيةتتعلق مشكلتنا الرئيسية في هذا البحث بالقدرة الاستيعابية للشركة داخل جهاز استخبارات اقتصادي من أجل تطوير ميزة تنافسية دولية. يركز بحثنا على الربط بين مفهومين رئيسيين في علوم الإدارة: الذكاء الاقتصادي والقدرة الاستيعابية. نحن نحاول تحديد إطار مفاهيمي ونظري لفهم المفاهيم الموجودة للذكاء الاقتصادي وقدرة الاستيعاب. تحسين القدرة الاستيعابية للمعلومات الخارجية من قبل المنظمة من خلال وظيفة دعم اتخاذ القرار الاستراتيجي ونهجها في معالجة المعلومات من أجل إنشاء ميزة تنافسية دائمة. على هذا النحو ، فإن المعلومات التي يتم جمعها من خلال المراقبة ثم تحليلها وتفسيرها بواسطة نظام EI العالمي تتحول إلى مورد استراتيجي يخلق قيمة للشركة. إنها آلية التحول التي نحاول توضيحها من خلال اقتراح نموذج بحثي وصياغة فرضياته. في هذه المقالة ، نعتمد على النهج القائم على الموارد والإطار النظري للقدرات الديناميكية للاستجابة لمشكلة البحث لدينا.الكلمات المفتاحية  : الذكاء الاقتصادي ، القدرة الاستيعابية ، الميزة التنافسية ، الأداء ، الابتكا

Modeling persistence of volatility in the Moroccan exchange market using a fractionally integrated EGARCH

Abstract. We have tried in this article to detect, examine, and analyze the persistence in the conditional volatility of the major Moroccan stock market index called MASI, using a fractionally integrated EGARCH model that has the property of capturing long memory along with shocks to the conditional volatility. A GARCH (1,1) and IGARCH models were also estimated for comparative purposes using Akaike, Schwarz and log likelihood information criterion. We used daily returns of MASI index covering the period between 04/01/1993 and 03/02/2017. Our results confirm the presence of a strong persistence in the volatility of the Moroccan index which is inconsistent with the weak efficiency form of Fama’s efficient markets hypothesis. The findings of this study could be of particular use to investors and academics interested in the forecasting of daily volatility in the Moroccan context. This paper broadens previous long memory estimation research by applying a FIEGARCH specification enabling it, not only to account for persistence, but also, to measure the leverage effect. Moreover, we believe that, to the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to model the volatility of the Moroccan stock market using a FIEGARCH approachng. Keywords. Volatility, Persistence, Long memory, FIEGARCH, MASI.JEL. G11, G17, C53, C58

6-Nitro-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo­[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11(10H,11aH)-dione

In the two mol­ecules of the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C12H11N3O4, the seven-membered diazepine ring adopts a boat conformation (with the two phenyl­ene C atoms representing the stern and the methine C atom the prow). The five-membered pyrrole ring, which has an envelope conformation, makes dihedral angles of 60.47 (10) and 54.69 (9)° with the benzene ring of the benzodiazepine unit in the two mol­ecules. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.8023 (7)–3.8946 (7) Å] lead to the formation of a three-dimensional framework

Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Activity of Moroccan Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) at Different Period of Harvesting and Processing

In the present study the total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, carotenoids content and ASTA of extracts of paprika powder produced at four periods of harvesting and processing were investigated for their antioxidant activity. A different composition between the four periods was evidenced. Paprika produced in November presented a major content of phenols, carotenoids, and ASTA (1360 mg/100g DW, 3727.54 mg/kg DW, 167.15 unit) respectively. Also it showed the highest radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay (IC50 of 260?g/ml). Total flavonol and total flavonoid contents show a little variation depending on the time of harvesting and processing. The total phenolic and carotenoid contents were highly correlated with DPPH values (R2= 0.95 and R2= 0.96) respectively. Therefore, the total phenolic and carotenoid contents can serve as a useful indicator for the antioxidant activity of paprika. The obtained results suggest that Moroccan paprika could be used as valuable flavor with functional properties for foods. Keywords: Niora, ground paprika, ASTA, carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, antioxidant activity.

Morphological characterization and quality evaluation of some cultivated paprika morphotypes (Capsicum annuum L.) from Tadla-Azilal region of Morocco

To characterize eleven different morphological forms of Moroccan paprika grown under field conditions in Tadla-Azilal region, analysis of morphometric data of different morphotypes (variants) was performed. The 11 morphotypes were evaluated for their qualitative traits of ripe fruits. Statistically significant differences among these variants were found for all the fruit characters studied. The evaluated morphotypes differed also in vitamin C, capsaicin, ASTA value and coordinated chromatic of color. The morphotype fruits evaluated had high genetic diversity and potential to fulfill the industry requirements. Morphotype 1 had the most desired commercial trait such as high ASTA value, high DW/FW ratio and low pungency. The results obtained in this study can be used as accurate information to establish a program of breeding to develop new commercial hybrids with fruits enriched for more desired commercial traits. Key words: Paprika, Morphological traits, commercial traits, Vitamin C, ASTA; Carotenoids, Capsaicinoids

Intelligence Economique : Une revue de la littérature

Dans un environnement instable, où l'analyse des menaces et opportunités n'est plusune option, les entreprises réalisent qu'il devrait y avoir des changements majeurs dans la manièredont ils prennent leurs décisions. La concurrence croissante a incité les praticiens à mettre enœuvre des fonctions d'intelligence économique au sein de leur organisation afin de prendre demeilleures décisions. Le but de cet article est d'analyser la littérature anglo-saxonne surl'intelligence économique, son évolution et les concepts associés, en mettant l'accent sur leprocessus de l'intelligence économique et la prise de décision