Malatya metropolitan municipality: transformation story from precity to entire city

Malatya kenti Anadolu’nun kuzeyi ile güneyini, batısı ile doğusunu birleştiren bir kavşak noktasındadır. Bu nedenle tarihin ilk dönemlerinden beri hep stratejik bir yerleşim merkezi durumunda olmuştur. Cumhuriyet döneminde de bu nedenle öncü sanayiler bu kente kurulmuş ve bölgesel kalkınmanın da yardımcısı olması hedeflenmiştir. Ancak kentin hinterlandındaki diğer kentlerden beslenememesi başta olmak üzere çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı beklenen büyümeyi (ekonomik, demografik vb.) gerçekleştirememiştir. Geçen süreç içerisinde merkezi yönetimin son dönemlerdeki politikalarıyla kente büyükşehir statüsü verilmiştir. Yalnızca nüfus büyüklüğüne dayalı olarak alınan bu kararın ne gibi etkileri olacağı bu çalışmanın ana konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada yapılan tesbitler yalnızca Malatya kentine değil bu yasadan yararlanan diğer kentler için de geçerli olabilecek unsurları içermektedir.The city of Malatya is at the crossroads uniting the North and South and the West and the east of Anatolia. That’s why it has always been a strategic center of settlement since the early history. The Pioneer industries were established in this city and they were aimed to support the regional development in the Republican Period because of the reason mentioned above. But the city did not achieve the expected growth growth (economic, demographic etc.) because of the reasons that it wasn’t subsidized by the other cities in its hinterland and etc. In the meantime, the city has taken the statue of metropolitan municipality as a result of central government politics. The effects of this decision made by only taking the population into consideration will be the focus of this study, the findings of this study is not only about the city of Malatya but they also contain factors that are current for the other cities benefiting from the law

A novel version of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire-3: Turkish validation study.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to adapt the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire Version-3 (COPSOQ-3) into the Turkish language. Methods: This is a methodologic study. The field study occurred in four workplaces (call center, hospital, plastic and metal industries). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity were used to assess the suitability of the sample for factor analysis. The principal component analysis and varimax rotation methods were used to identify the factor structure.The internal consistency was assessed using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: In total, 1076 respondents' questionnaires were evaluated. Fifty-eight percent of the participants were men and the mean age was 31.1???7.7. Sampling adequacy was considered adequate (KMO =0.929). The factor analysis of the Turkish COPSOQ (COPSOQ-TR) identified 19 factors with eigenvalues higher than one and explained 66.1% of the total variance. The Cronbach's alpha values of 23 dimensions were over 0.70. The Cronbach's alpha values of control over working time and predictability were 0.54 and 0.66, respectively. The model was an excellent fit (Chi-Square?=?8514.5, x(2)/df?=?2.48, RMSEA?=?0.038, SRMR?=?0.053, CFI?=?0.98). Conclusions: Findings show that COPSOQ-TR is a reliable and valid instrument that can be a useful tool to measure psychosocial risks in the Turkish language

The Effect of Phosphor Coating on THz/mm wave-Plasma Interaction in Glow Discharge Detector

Glow discharge detectors (GDDs) attract attention because they have advantageous features compared to commercial detectors currently used for detecting THz and mm waves. Studies in the literature show that N523-coded GDD which has a phosphor coating exhibits the best performance as a detector. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been carried out yet to demonstrate the effect of phosphor coating on the detection mechanism. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to understand this effect by simulating the interaction between the plasma consisting of Ne-Xe mixture in N523 coded GDD and THz/mm waves with the parallel 1d3v Particle in Cell/Monte Carlo Collision (PIC/MCC) code

Parallel 1d3v Particle in Cell/Monte Carlo Collision (PIC/MCC) Simulation of a Glow Discharge Millimeter Wave Detector

Glow discharge detectors can be a good alternative to existing Schottky diodes, Golay cells and pyroelectric detectors because they are inexpensive and can detect mm-wave and sub-mm radiation successfully. This detection occurs as a result of the interaction of the radiation with the electrons in the plasma. It is required to understand this interaction mechanism to obtain optimum detection parameters. Previous methods have focused on understanding the interaction using analytical models, where the radiation is generally thought to increase the collision frequency of electrons in the plasma, however these theories were not tested against real discharge parameters. For that reason, in this study, the plasma formed inside the detector is simulated by using parallel 1d3v PIC/MCC code, which was previously developed (Kusoglu-Sarikaya et al., 2016) to better understand how the glow discharge forms under different pressure and gas concentrations. The effectiveness of the simulation is compared with mm-wave experiments performed on both commercially obtained and home-built glow discharge detectors. Initial results show that the 1d3v PIC/MCC code can simulate the discharge parameters that are observed in the measurements. Using this platform future studies will focus on understanding the effect of the sub-THz radiation on the collision frequency and observed parameters of the discharge

Understanding the Effect of THz/mm wave - Plasma Interaction on the Brightness of Glow Discharge Detectors

Today, the fact that non-ionizing THz and mm wave can be used in many areas reveals the necessity of devices that can efficiently detect these waves. Compared to existing commercial detectors, cost-effective neon indicator lamps acting as glow discharge detectors (GDDs) are known to be better in speed and responsivity. In GDDs, detection occurs as a result of the interaction between radiation and plasma. Although there are many studies in the literature trying to explain this interaction, these studies are limited to qualitative explanations made as a result of the experiments and the analytical models. Since GDDs are low pressure, non-local thermal equilibrium (non-LTE) plasma lamps, the plasma in these detectors has been simulated by using the parallel 1d3v Particle in Cell/Monte Carlo Collision (PIC/MCC) code, which can be used to study the kinetic behavior of particles. The interaction between plasma and THz/mm wave have also been included to the simulation code in order to examine the effect of this interaction. The results show that not only the electrical but also the optical detection mechanism that has been recently shown using GDDs could be analyzed with this code. Therefore, in this study, the reason for the brighter glow observed as a result of plasma-THz/mm wave interaction is investigated. In this context, the effect of THz/mm wave on one of excited states responsible for the light emitted by GDD is simulated and the results are discussed