The Effect of Indoor Environmental Quality on the Respiratory Health of Informal Workers

The quality of indoor environmental plays pivotal rule to influence the microbiological growth through the air that has a significant effect on human’s respiratory health. In some regions in Indonesia, airborne diseases among productive age are still a common problem. Even though the trend of accidents increases in some provinces, it has not been the priority to overcome by the government. In 2013, the accident of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) among informal workers were taken place as the first rank of 10 most common occupational illnesses in Ciomas District, West Java Province and the prevalence experienced upward trend in four months, from June to September. Thus, this study aimed to describe the relationship between indoorenvironmental quality (IEQ) and the occurrence of ARIs. The population and sample of study were all workers who worked in seven footwear workshops in Pagelaran Village, Ciomas District, Bogor Regency that employed 85 workers. The present study used a cross-sectional design to investigate whether relative humidity, illumination, and indoor temperature as the IEQ parameters have to do with worker’s respiratory health. The independent t-test was used to analyze the data that was collected in March to April 2014. The result revealed the average illumination levels at 175.586 lux (min 53.3 lux and max 367.0 lux), the average temperature levels at 30.96

Evaluation of Benzene Exposure and S-PMA as a Biomarker of Exposure to Workers in the Informal Footwear Industry

Benzene (C6H6) is one of the most widely used chemical compounds in the world. Although its use has been limited, humans may be exposed to benzene in the natural and  industrial  environments.  Small-scale  footwear  industry  still  uses  adhesives containing  benzene.  The  benzene  profile  has  been  well-documented,  and  it  has been  classified  as  a  carcinogen  compound.  The  purpose  of  this  study  is  to  assess the  risk  of  benzene  exposure  in  the  work  environment  and  individual  exposure  in footwear factory in Ciomas, Bogor, West Java, during August–September 2017. Urine test  with  S-Phenylmercapturic  Acid  biomarker  was  performed  on  40  workers  and measurements  performed  simultaneously  at  9  air  sample  points  from  3  workshop locations  in  accordance  with  NIOSH  1501  method,  risk-level  assessment  through calculation Risk Quotient (RQ) and Excess Cancer Risk (ECR). The S-PMA subject has not exceeded the exposure limit (>25 μg/g) as Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) with a  median  value  of  0.190  mg/g  (min  0.019–max  17.61).  The  results  of  the  air  sample analysis showed 8 sampling points below the TLV (Threshold limit values) of 0.5 ppm (1.6 μg/m3) and 1 point of air sampling has exceeded 0.5 ppm (1.6 μg/m3) of 2, 1074 ppm. the result of calculation of minimum cancer risk, it has been obtained that 13 workers  (32.5%)  have  cancer  risk  that  has  exceeded  the  reference  value  (ECR>1  ⋅10−4)  and  27  (67.5%) have ECR  <  1•10−4.  In  the  calculation of real-time  non-cancer risk, it has been obtained that 8 (20%) workers have had non-cancer risk (RQ>1) and 32 (80%) have RQ<1. The concentration of air and S-PMA of workers is still below the TLV, but considering the risk of cancer and non-cancer workers who have exceeded the reference value, it is necessary to improve the working conditions. Keywords: benzene, S-PMA, risk assessmen

The National Health Insurance Implementation: Socialization and the Readiness of Health Facility in South Konawe Regency 2014

The National Health Insurance (NHI) in Indonesia has been starting from 1st of January 2014 to gradually achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) through Executor Agency of Social Assurance (BPJS) as mandated by the Act to facilitate public access to quality health services. Society needs to know NHI to utilize the appropriate rights and obligations. This research was to find out implementation NHI in South Konawe. Qualitative research method through in-depth interviews with five key informants and eight regular informants, observation and searching of documents related to the implementation of health institutions NHI. Research instruments were in the form of a list of questions, the voice recorder — primary data collected through interviews and secondary data in documents. Then carried Editing and Coding on the results of the interview transcript. Conclusion and validity of the data with a method of triangulation. By using content analysis. Dissemination has been carried out by government officials and health workers in the community directly and indirectly through print media such as posters and brochures and electronic media throughout the health centers in South Konawe. BPJS has worked with 23 community health centers and a hospital unit. The number of Participants NHI in South Konawe 2014 as many as 58.42% of 280.086 inhabitants. The facilities and health personnel were generally adequate.Implementation NHI in South Konawe still in the stage of stabilization towards UHC. Keywords: National Health Insurance; readiness of health facility; socializatio

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216

The Effect of Indoor Environmental Quality on the Respiratory Health of Informal Workers

The quality of indoor environmental plays pivotal rule to influence the microbiological growth through the air that has a significant effect on human's respiratory health. In some regions in Indonesia, airborne diseases among productive age are still a common problem. Even though the trend of accidents increases in some provinces, it has not been the priority to overcome by the government. In 2013, the accident of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) among informal workers were taken place as the first rank of 10 most common occupational illnesses in Ciomas District, West Java Province and the prevalence experienced upward trend in four months, from June to September. Thus, this study aimed to describe the relationship between indoorenvironmental quality (IEQ) and the occurrence of ARIs. The population and sample of study were all workers who worked in seven footwear workshops in Pagelaran Village, Ciomas District, Bogor Regency that employed 85 workers. The present study used a cross-sectional design to investigate whether relative humidity, illumination, and indoor temperature as the IEQ parameters have to do with worker's respiratory health. The independent t-test was used to analyze the data that was collected in March to April 2014. The result revealed the average illumination levels at 175.586 lux (min 53.3 lux and max 367.0 lux), the average temperature levels at 30.96