Non-Abelian Discrete Symmetries in Particle Physics

We review pedagogically non-Abelian discrete groups, which play an important role in the particle physics. We show group-theoretical aspects for many concrete groups, such as representations, their tensor products. We explain how to derive, conjugacy classes, characters, representations, and tensor products for these groups (with a finite number). We discussed them explicitly for $S_N$, $A_N$, $T'$, $D_N$, $Q_N$, $\Sigma(2N^2)$, $\Delta(3N^2)$, $T_7$, $\Sigma(3N^3)$ and $\Delta(6N^2)$, which have been applied for model building in the particle physics. We also present typical flavor models by using $A_4$, $S_4$, and $\Delta (54)$ groups. Breaking patterns of discrete groups and decompositions of multiplets are important for applications of the non-Abelian discrete symmetry. We discuss these breaking patterns of the non-Abelian discrete group, which are a powerful tool for model buildings. We also review briefly about anomalies of non-Abelian discrete symmetries by using the path integral approach.Comment: 179 pages, 8 figures, section 15 is changed, some references are adde

Texture zeros realization in a three-loop radiative neutrino mass model from modular A4A_4 symmetry

We derive verifiable two-zero textures in the framework of a three-loop induced neutrino mass model applying a modular $A_4$ symmetry for the lepton sector. Interestingly, the neutrino mass structure is determined by assignments of the right-handed charged-lepton particles only. We show all the possible texture patterns and demonstrate their analytical and numerical analyses. Finally, we mention a possibility of detection for doubly-charged boson via colliders that decays into specific modes due to the flavor symmetry.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure

Successful Resolution of Fecal Impaction During Endoscopy Using a Looped Guidewire

Fecal impaction is the impaired excretion of a large fecal mass, and mild cases are treated by enema and osmotic laxatives. However, treatment-resistant cases need more invasive alternatives. A woman in her 60s presented with abdominal discomfort. Her abdomen was soft and without tenderness. Computed tomography revealed a large mass of feces in her sigmoid colon and no intestinal dilatation proximal to the mass. Endoscopy confirmed a fecal mass occupying the lumen. A glycerin enema, oral administration of polyethylene glycol, and enteral administration of amidotrizoic acid during colonoscopy were ineffective. We maneuvered a guidewire to form a loop at the tip of an endoscope, with which we subdivided the mass for successful removal. The patient’s abdominal discomfort disappeared immediately. Endoscopic disimpaction is far less invasive than surgery and should be considered when treating fecal impaction cases, without severe obstructive colitis, which are nonresponsive to conservative treatment

Flavor, CP and Metaplectic Modular Symmetries in Type IIB Chiral Flux Vacua

We examine symmetries of chiral four-dimensional vacua of Type IIB flux compactifications with vanishing superpotential $W=0$. We find that the ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric MSSM-like and Pati-Salam vacua possess enhanced discrete symmetries in the effective action below the mass scale of stabilized complex structure moduli and dilaton. Furthermore, a generation number of quarks/leptons is small on these vacua where the flavor, CP and metaplectic modular symmetries are described in the framework of eclectic flavor symmetry.Comment: 30 pages, 5 figure

Quark mixing from Delta(6N^2) family symmetry

We consider a direct approach to quark mixing based on the discrete family symmetry Delta (6N^2) in which the Cabibbo angle is determined by a residual Z_2 times Z_2 subgroup to be $|V_{us}|=0.222521$, for $N$ being a multiple of 7. We propose a particular model in which unequal smaller quark mixing angles and CP phases may occur without breaking the residual Z_2 times Z_2 symmetry. We perform a numerical analysis of the model for $N=14$, where small Z_2 times Z_2 breaking effects of order 3% are allowed by model, allowing perfect agreement within the uncertainties of the experimentally determined best fit quark mixing values.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1403.439

Novel moduli space in modular flavor models : a case study for modular T′T' seesaw model with hidden SU(2)SU(2) gauge symmetry

We study flavor phenomenologies in a basis of a double covering of modular $A_4$ group with a hidden $SU(2)$ symmetry, in which we work on regions at nearby two fixed points and three special points. These special points of $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$ moduli space are statistically favored in flux compactifications of Type IIB string theory. Neutrino masses are approximately obtained by using the seesaw mechanism due to our two additional symmetries. We perform chi square numerical analysis for each of the fixed/special points in the normal and inverted hierarchies and demonstrate predictions for each case. Then, we briefly discuss the possible signature of hidden gauge bosons at collider experiments from the hidden $SU(2)$ symmetry.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, 2 table

Study on estimation of wind pressure under roof tiles

This paper discusses an analytical method for estimating wind pressures under roof tiles induced by the interaction between internal pressures and external pressures．First，internal pressures on roof models，whose internal volume and gaps have values equivalent to those of a real roof tile，were measured in wind tunnel tests．Next，the internal pressures were estimated analytically by applying a non‐steady Bernoulli equation to the flow through the gap．The validity of the analytical method was examined by comparison with results of the wind tunnel tests．Finally，internal pressures on a whole roof were deduced from simultaneous external pressures through a roof，obtained from a wind tunnel test for a low‐rise building with a gable roof，using the analytical method

2004 ネン タイフウ 21 ゴウ ゴウウ ニヨリ カガワケン セイサン チイキ デ ハッセイ シタ シャメン ホウカイ ノ チシツ チケイテキ トクチョウ

Many slope failures and debris flows triggered by heavy rainfall associated with Typhoon 0421 occurred in Seisan area, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. Critical rainfall to trigger the slope failure is 65mm/h, 150mm/3h, total precipitation 250mm, and soil water index 180. Many slope failures occurred at side-slope and/or debris filled floor of 1-order valley in mountain slopes consisting of alternating beds of sandstone and mudstone (Izumi Group). Field evidence suggests that rainwater penetrated into permeable weathered sandstone layer lying on poor permeable mudstone layer. Many slope failures occurred at weathered sandstone layer because of low strength and a rise in the groundwater level. The occurrences of slope failures were controlled by weathered profile of alternating beds of sandstone and mudstone

Symmetrical Skin Lesions on the Gluteal Region in a Patient with Anti-Laminin-332 Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), previously called cicatricial pemphigoid, is a rare subepidermal immunobullous disorder that primarily affects the mucous membranes (1,2). MMP is divided into two major subtypes, anti-BP180-type MMP and anti-laminin-332 (previously called laminin 5 or epiligrin) MMP. Anti-laminin-332 MMP is known to be associated with malignant tumors (3), which may cause overexpression of autoantibodies and induce autoimmunity to laminin-332 (4). MMP primarily affects the mucous membranes, and widespread skin lesions are rare. In MMP, circumscribed skin lesions have been previously reported as occurring on the head, neck, and upper trunk (5). We report a case of anti-laminin-332 MMP presenting with symmetrical skin lesions characteristic of MMP on the weightbearing areas of the gluteal regio