Gauged Kaluza-Klein AdS Pseudo-supergravity

We obtain the pseudo-supergravity extension of the D-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory, which is the circle reduction of pure gravity in D+1 dimensions. The fermionic partners are pseudo-gravitino and pseudo-dilatino. The full Lagrangian is invariant under the pseudo-supersymmetric transformation, up to quadratic order in fermion fields. We find that the theory possesses a U(1) global symmetry that can be gauged so that all the fermions are charged under the Kaluza-Klein vector. The gauging process generates a scalar potential that has a maximum, leading to the AdS vacuum. Whist the highest dimension for gauged AdS supergravity is seven, our gauged AdS pseudo-supergravities can exist in arbitrary dimensions.Comment: Latex, 13 pages, typos corrected, version in PL

Osteoporosis Associated with Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is one of the most common global mental diseases, with prevalence of 1%. Patients with schizophrenia are predisposed to diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and osteoporosis, than the normal. In comparison with the metabolic syndrome, for instance, there are little reports about osteoporosis which occurs secondary to antipsychoticinduced hyperprolactinaemia. There are extensive recent works of literature indicating that osteoporosis is associated with schizophrenia particularly in patients under psychotropic medication therapy. As osteoporotic fractures cause significantly increased morbidity and mortality, it is quite necessary to raise the awareness and understanding of the impact of antipsychoticinduced hyperprolactinaemia on physical health in schizophrenia. In this paper, we will review the relationship between schizophrenia, antipsychotic medication, hyperprolactinaemia, and osteoporosis

Osteoporosis Associated with Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is one of the most common global mental diseases, with prevalence of 1%. Patients with schizophrenia are predisposed to diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and osteoporosis, than the normal. In comparison with the metabolic syndrome, for instance, there are little reports about osteoporosis which occurs secondary to antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia. There are extensive recent works of literature indicating that osteoporosis is associated with schizophrenia particularly in patients under psychotropic medication therapy. As osteoporotic fractures cause significantly increased morbidity and mortality, it is quite necessary to raise the awareness and understanding of the impact of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia on physical health in schizophrenia. In this paper, we will review the relationship between schizophrenia, antipsychotic medication, hyperprolactinaemia, and osteoporosis

Real-Time Raman Spectroscopy for Noninvasive in vivo Skin Analysis and Diagnosis

Non

Sleeping More Hours Per Day Than Working Can Prevent New-Onset Diabetes

Objectives: We expressed the combined effect by the ratio of daily sleep time to daily work time. The aim of this study was to discussed the predictive ability of daily sleep hours/work hours (SH/WH) ratio for diabetes risk.Methods: Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of new-onset diabetes. Restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to visualize the influence trend of SH/WH ratio and diabetes risk.Results: The RCS model revealed a non-linear and L-shaped correlation between SH/WH ratio and diabetes risk. Compared with the participates with SH/WH ratio <1, those with a ratio ≥1 had a lower risk of developing diabetes. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of new-onset diabetes in Q2, Q3, Q4 and Q5 groups compared with Q1 group were 0.82 (0.57, 1.19), 1.05 (0.69, 1.59), 0.57 (0.36, 0.91), 0.66 (0.42, 1.06). The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that Q4 group had lower cumulative incidence.Conclusion: Sleeping longer than working (SH/WH ratio ≥1) can reduce risk for developing diabetes. A minimal risk observed at 1.10–<1.37 (the fourth quintile) of SH/WH ratio

Downregulation of ITGβ3 in colon adenocarcinoma reveals poor prognosis by affecting genome stability, cell cycle, and the tumor immune microenvironment

IntroductionAbnormal expression of integrin subunit beta 3 (ITGβ3), a gene-encoding protein, is related to the occurrence and development of cancers; however, the biological role of ITGβ3 in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains unclear.MethodsWe used the Cancer Genome Atlas database to obtain the clinical data of patients with COAD, analyzed the mRNA gene clusters related to ITGβ3, and analyzed the interaction signal pathway and interaction protein network of the differentially expressed gene clusters. The results showed that ITGβ3 expression in COAD tumor tissues was significantly downregulated compared with that in paracancerous tissues. Low ITGβ3 expression in tumor tissues is associated with poor overall survival of patients with COAD. In multivariate analysis, stage IV and ITGβ3 low expression were independent prognostic factors. Gene Ontology analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in leukocyte migration, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in ECM-receptor interactions, focal adhesion, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed the hub and seed genes of the key modules related to ITGβ3. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between TGβ3 and immune-related genes and found that ITGβ3 expression was significantly correlated with tumor purity and infiltration level of dominant immune cells.DiscussionThese findings indicate that ITGβ3 downregulation in COAD may profoundly affect genome stability and multiple steps of the cell cycle, alter the tumor immune microenvironment, and be related to the prognosis of patients with COAD

f(R) Gravities, Killing Spinor Equations, "BPS" Domain Walls and Cosmology

We derive the condition on f(R) gravities that admit Killing spinor equations and construct explicit such examples. The Killing spinor equations can be used to reduce the fourth-order differential equations of motion to the first order for both the domain wall and FLRW cosmological solutions. We obtain exact "BPS" domain walls that describe the smooth Randall-Sundrum II, AdS wormholes and the RG flow from IR to UV. We also obtain exact smooth cosmological solutions that describe the evolution from an inflationary starting point with a larger cosmological constant to an ever-expanding universe with a smaller cosmological constant. In addition, We find exact smooth solutions of pre-big bang models, bouncing or crunching universes. An important feature is that the scalar curvature R of all these metrics is varying rather than a constant. Another intriguing feature is that there are two different f(R) gravities that give rise to the same "BPS" solution. We also study linearized f(R) gravities in (A)dS vacua.Comment: 37 pages, discussion on gravity trapping in RSII modified, typos corrected, further comments and references added; version to appear in JHE

f(R) Theories of Supergravities and Pseudo-supergravities

We present f(R) theories of ten-dimensional supergravities, including the fermionic sector up to the quadratic order in fermion fields. They are obtained by performing the conformal scaling on the usual supergravities to the f(R) frame in which the dilaton becomes an auxiliary field and can be integrated out. The f(R) frame coincides with that of M-theory, D2-branes or NS-NS 5-branes. We study various BPS p-brane solutions and their near-horizon AdS \times sphere geometries in the context of the f(R) theories. We find that new solutions emerge with global structures that do not exist in the corresponding solutions of the original supergravity description. In lower dimensions, We construct the f(R) theory of N=2, D=5 gauged supergravity with a vector multiplet, and that for the four-dimensional U(1)^4 gauged theory with three vector fields set equal. We find that some previously-known BPS singular "superstars" become wormholes in the f(R) theories. We also construct a large class of f(R) (gauged) pseudo-supergravities. In addition we show that the breathing mode in the Kaluza-Klein reduction of Gauss-Bonnet gravity on S^1 is an auxiliary field and can be integrated out.Comment: Latex, 46 page

Responses of sequential and hierarchical phenological events to warming and cooling in alpine meadows

Organisms' life cycles consist of hierarchical stages, from a single phenological stage (for example, flowering within a season), to vegetative and reproductive phases, to the total lifespan of the individual. Yet phenological events are typically studied in isolation, limiting our understanding of life history responses to climate change. Here, we reciprocally transfer plant communities along an elevation gradient to investigate plastic changes in the duration of sequential phenological events for six alpine species. We show that prolonged flowering leads to longer reproductive phases and activity periods when plants are moved to warmer locations. In contrast, shorter post-fruiting leaf and flowering stages led to shorter vegetative and reproductive phases, respectively, which resulted in shorter activity periods when plants were moved to cooler conditions. Therefore, phenological responses to warming and cooling do not simply mirror one another in the opposite direction, and low temperature may limit reproductive allocation in the alpine region

Clinicopathological Significance and Prognostic Value of DNA Methyltransferase 1, 3a, and 3b Expressions in Sporadic Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Altered DNA methylation of tumor suppressor gene promoters plays a role in human carcinogenesis and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are responsible for it. This study aimed to determine aberrant expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b in benign and malignant ovarian tumor tissues for their association with clinicopathological significance and prognostic value. A total of 142 ovarian cancers and 44 benign ovarian tumors were recruited for immunohistochemical analysis of their expression. The data showed that expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b was observed in 76 (53.5%), 92 (64.8%) and 79 (55.6%) of 142 cases of ovarian cancer tissues, respectively. Of the serious tumors, DNMT3a protein expression was significantly higher than that in benign tumor samples (P = 0.001); DNMT3b was marginally significant down regulated in ovarian cancers compared to that of the benign tumors (P = 0.054); DNMT1 expression has no statistical difference between ovarian cancers and benign tumor tissues (P = 0.837). Of the mucious tumors, the expression of DNMT3a, DNMT3b, and DNMT1 was not different between malignant and benign tumors. Moreover, DNMT1 expression was associated with DNMT3b expression (P = 0.020, r = 0.195). DNMT1 expression was associated with age of the patients, menopause status, and tumor localization, while DNMT3a expression was associated with histological types and serum CA125 levels and DNMT3b expression was associated with lymph node metastasis. In addition, patients with DNMT1 or DNMT3b expression had a trend of better survival than those with negative expression. Co-expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3b was significantly associated with better overall survival (P = 0.014). The data from this study provided the first evidence for differential expression of DNMTs proteins in ovarian cancer tissues and their associations with clinicopathological and survival data in sporadic ovarian cancer patients