Chronic resveratrol administration improves diabetic cardiomyopathy in part by reducing oxidative stress

Background: Based on the key role of hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, increasing antioxidant defense would represent a novel therapeutic approach for management of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study was designed to seek the effectiveness of chronic treatment with resveratrol, a potent natural antioxidant, on streptozotocin-nicotinamide experimental model of type 2 diabetic hearts.Methods: Male rats randomized into four groups (n = 12): control, diabetic, control + resveratrol, and diabetic + resveratrol.Results: Four-month oral resveratrol administration to diabetic rats (5 mg/kg/day) alleviated the reduction of cardiac antioxidant enzymes activities (3.88 ± 0.48 vs. 1.49 ± 0.43 U, p < 0.05 for superoxide dismutase, and 2.72 ± 0.26 vs. 1.18 ± 0.19 nmol/min/mL, p < 0.05 for catalase) and the enhancement of cardiac oxidative markers (5.01 ± 0.37 vs. 7.23 ± 0.51 ng, p < 0.05 for 8-isoprostane, 6.03 ± 0.87 vs. 8.49 ± 0.52 μmol, p < 0.05 for nitrite/nitrate, and 0.44 ± 0.03 vs. 0.59 ± 0.04, p < 0.05 for oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio), nuclear factor kappa B activity (0.37 ± 0.09 vs. 0.60 ± 0.11, p < 0.05) and apoptosis rate (0.98 ± 0.28 vs.1.63 ± 0.16, p < 0.05). Moreover, it improved left ventricular developed pressure (72.46 ± 8.16 vs. 52.01 ± 11.32 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and coronary flow (14.08 ± 1.09 vs. 11.75 ± 1.43 mL/min × g, p < 0.05).Conclusions: These beneficial cardioprotective observations suggest that treatment with resveratrol can potentially delay or attenuate the progression of diabetes-related cardiac complications

Comparison of effect of resveratrol and vanadium on diabetes related dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Purpose: Resveratrol a natural polyphenolic stilbene derivative has wide variety of biological activities. There is also a large body of evidence demonstrating positive effect of resveratrol in treatment of various metabolic complications including metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia in adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-hyperglycemic and anti-dyslipidemic effects of resveratrol. Methods: We used 40 diabetic streptozotocin Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups (n=8 in each) including normal control, normal treated with resveratrol, diabetic control , diabetic treated with vanadium , diabetic treated with resveratrol . Resveratrol (25 mg/kgbw) and vanadate (0.2 mg/kgbw) was orally gavaged for 40 days and blood samples were directly collected from heart. Results: Diabetic rats treated with resveratrol in comparison to control diabetic rats demonstrated a significant (p = 0.001) decline in serum glucose concentration, and high plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-c were reduced (p = 0.031, p = 0.004 respectively). Furthermore, body weight loss trend that observed in diabetic rats alleviated by resveratrol and vanadate. However triglyceride, VLDL-c and HDL-c levels did not changed significantly. Conclusion: In conclusion Resveratrol ameliorated dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. However further investigations in peculiar human studies are required

Protective effect of citrus lemon on inflammation and adipokine levels in acrylamide-induced oxidative stress in rats

The high exposure to acrylamide (AA) due to smoking and increased consumption of processed and fast foods in recent years, has become one of the health threatening problems. This study examined the effect of lemon juice on inflammation and adipokines in acrylamide-induced oxidative stress in rats. Forty animals were divided into five groups. Toxicity was induced by AA (35mg/kg) for two weeks in all groups except normal control group. After that, lemon juice in three doses was administrated to treatment groups for 4 weeks. Serum levels of adipokines and inflammatory parameters and both serum and liver levels of oxidative stress parameters were measured. The results showed groups were received AA had significant higher levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor alpha, leptin and C-reactive protein and lower levels of total antioxidant capacity compared to the negative control group. Lemon juice in all three doses significantly improved serum levels of TAC, MDA, TNFα and hs-CRP in treated groups. Also, 7.5 ml/kg lemon juice significantly decreased leptin levels. However, lemon juice had no significant effect on adiponectin levels. This study suggests lemon juice as a potential dietary alternative could attenuate leptin levels and manage oxidative and inflammatory damages in acrylamide- induced toxicity in rats

Orange Juice and Hesperetin Supplementation to Hyperuricemic Rats Alter Oxidative Stress Markers and Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity

Our objective was to examine the effect of orange juice and hesperetin on serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (MDA), uric acid and hepatic xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) activity in hyperuricemic rats. Experimentally hyperuricemia in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate (250 mg/kg). Orange juice (5 ml/kg) and hesperetin (5 mg/kg) was given by oral gavage to rats for 2 weeks and biochemical data was measured. Data showed that orange juice supplementation increased serum TAC and decreased MDA concentration (p≤0.05). Orange juice also inhibited hepatic XO and XDH activity and decreased serum uric acid levels. Hesperetin, which is the main flavanone constituent in orange juice, also exhibited antioxidative and antihyperuricemic properties, but its effect was weaker than that of orange juice. Although the hypouricemic effect of allopurinol (5 mg/kg), as a positive control, was much higher than that of orange juice and hesperetin, it could not significantly change biomarkers of oxidative stress. These features of orange juice and hesperetin make them an attractive candidate for the prophylactic treatment of hyperuricaemia, particularly if these compounds are to be taken on a long-term basis

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Assessment of Maternal Nutritional Intake of Some Nutrients and its Relationship with Anthropometric Indices of Newborn

Abstract Background: One of the factors determining the survival and neonatal health is maternal proper nutrition during pregnancy. The aim of the present study is to determine the maternal nutritional status with a view to the intake of some nutrients and its effect on anthropometric indices of newborn. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional analytical study, 500 pregnant women referred to Sina maternity hospital in Ahvaz were studied. Dietary intake of calcium, zinc, iron, vitamin D was measured and its relation to average weight, length and head circumference at birth in infants was evaluated. Data were analyzed by using Independent T-Test in SPSS 17. P-value less than 5% was considered statistically significant. Results: There was significant correlation between calcium intake rate, weight and length at birth. Between zinc intake rate, weight, length and head circumference at birth, there was a significant correlation. The maternal intake of vitamin D affected on birth weight(p0/05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the maternal nutritional intake of calcium, zinc and vitamin D influences on some infant anthropometric indicators

Effects of Sesame Butter (Ardeh) versus Sesame Oil on Metabolic and Oxidative Stress Markers in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and is related to oxidative-stress-induced diseases. Given the role of dietary antioxidants in the control and prevention of diabetes, this study aimed to examine the effects of sesame butter versus sesame oil on the serum levels of glucose, lipid profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers in diabetic rats. Methods: Forty male albino rats of Wistar strain were randomly divided into 4 groups (i.e., nondiabetic control rats, diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with sesame butter, and diabetic rats treated with sesame oil). Experimental diabetes was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Sesame butter (1.25 g/kg) and sesame oil (0.5 g/kg) were given by oral gavage to the diabetic rats for 6 weeks. Finally, serum glucose, lipid profile, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured and analyzed statistically. Results: Our data showed that the diabetic groups treated with sesame butter and sesame oil had significantly lower levels of glucose and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein than did the diabetic control group at the end of the study (P<0.05). Sesame butter supplementation also increased TAC and decreased MDA concentrations significantly in the diabetic rats (P<0.05). Conclusion: The antihyperglycemic, antioxidative, and partly lipid-lowering effects of sesame butter make it an excellent candidate for future human studies on diabetes, although further research is needed to determine the exact dose and duration of supplementation

Effect of whey protein supplementation on levels of endocannabinoids and some of metabolic risk factors in obese women on a weight-loss diet: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Besides the effects of dietary long chain PUFA on circulating endocannabinoids concentrations, the impact of other nutrients on these system is not known and, whether changes in plasma endocannabinoids levels correlated with changes in body composition and biochemical metabolic risk factors in obese individuals, however, still remains to be characterized. Methods We will conduct a 2 months’ open label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of whey protein supplementation on levels of endocannabinoids, glycemic and lipid profile, inflammatory factors, adipocytokines and body composition in 60 premenopausal obese women on a weight-loss diet. Conclusion Due to strong relationship between endocannabinoids level and insulin resistance and obesity, in this trial, we will illustrate the other benefits of weight loss diet on health and metabolic risk factors. Also for the first, the effects of simultaneous weight loss diet and whey protein supplementation on these variables will be determined. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT2017021410181N8

Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes

Introduction: The role of inflammatory cytokines in diabetes and its complications has been shown in some studies. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic and conventional yogurt on inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Forty- four patients with type 2 diabetes were participated in this randomized, double – blind controlled clinical trial and were assigned to two intervention and control groups. The subjects in the intervention group consumed 300 g/d probiotic yogurt and subjects in the control group consumed 300g/d conventional yogurt for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices, dietary intakes, and serum levels of glucose, HbA1c, IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention.Results: For anthropometric indices and dietary intakes, no significant differences were seen within and between groups post intervention (p> 0.05). The consumption of probiotic yogurt caused significant decrease in HbA1c and TNF-α levels (p=0.032 and p= 0.040, respectively) in the intervention group. Conclusions: It is suggested that probiotic yogurt may be used as an alternative prevention approach and treatment method to control diabetic complications

Association Between Dietary Quality Indices and Atherosclerosis Risk: A Case-Control Study

Background: Several diet quality scores have been developed to evaluate the health benefits of individual diets such as Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean diet score (Med). This study aims to determine the relationship between dominant dietary health scores with the risk of atherosclerosis in Iranian adults. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 323 patients with atherosclerosis and 334 individuals without atherosclerosis as control group. Food Frequency Questionnaire was used for obtaining dietary intakes; then HEI, DASH score, and Med score was calculated. Logistic regression models were used to calculate Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence intervals (CI) between quartiles of the HEI, DASH and Med and atherosclerosis risk. Results: The results showed that total scores for HEI, DASH, and Med in control group was higher than the atherosclerosis group. The results also indicated that higher adherence to HEI (OR: 0.43; CI: [0.24, 0.76], P -trend = .006), DASH (OR: 0.48; CI: [0.3, 0.78], P -trend = .003), and Mediterranean pattern (OR: 0.4; CI: [0.21, 0.76]) decreased odds ratio of atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that adherence to HEI, DASH, and Mediterranean diet might be associated with a lower risk of Atherosclerosis and can have a positive effect on general health and prevention of chronic diseases in people