›Wallpaper Art‹. Zur Ästhetik seriell gestalteter Oberflächen

This paper attempts an aesthetic positioning of the superficial medium ›wallpaper‹. The first part argues that the design of wallpapers in 1960’s Pop Art is no marginal phenomenon, this medium indeed accomplishes the demands and standards of art pop prior to all other mediums. This includes the question why the design of wallpapers has been a provocation and even still is, if a genuine aesthetic aspiration is pronounced. The mechanisms of exclusion are therefore, in the second part, located in the late eighteenth century, exactly the time when both aesthetics and wallpapers went into serial production. An examination of the aesthetic of pure form and Kant’s remarks on the artistic qualities of wall decoration makes clear that the exclusion of wallpaper from the sphere of art in the narrow sense (and thus the establishing of the dichotomy between auratic art and popular design) get caused by the following discursive guidelines: substance, originality, and invisibilisation of production. They prevent that mechanically reproduced forms on wallpapers can come into focus of aesthetic reflection even after the »Critique of Judgement«. Conversely, they are the reason for the fact that wallpapers become a (too often undervalued) leading medium of popular culture. This exclusion or rather the separation between pure form with aesthetic dignity and popular ornament will be exemplarily illustrated by Schiller’s letters and works.----------URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:6:3-2014031418

In situ tuning of magnetization via topotactic lithium insertion in ordered mesoporous lithium ferrite thin films

The synthesis and characterization of cubic mesostructured lithium ferrite (α-LiFe5O8) with 20 nm diameter pores and nanocrystalline walls is reported. The material is prepared in the form of thin films by sol–gel dip-coating using a poly(isobutylene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) amphiphilic diblock copolymer as the porogen. Electron microscopy, X-ray scattering and diffraction, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy all show that α-LiFe5O8 can be templated to produce high-quality films that are chemically and phase-pure and thermally stable to over 600 °C. Magnetometry measurements indicate ferrimagnetic behavior below 300 K, with the coercivity exhibiting a T1/2 dependence. This novel mesoporous spinel material – when used as an electrode in secondary battery cells – can reversibly store charge via topotactic Li insertion, which allows for the intriguing possibility of tuning the magnetization at room temperature in a facile and controlled manner. The general approach is simple and should be applicable to a variety of other magnetic materials that are capable of reacting electrochemically with Li to produce reduced phases

plingo: A system for probabilistic reasoning in clingo based on lpmln

We present plingo, an extension of the ASP system clingo with various probabilistic reasoning modes. Plingo is centered upon LP^MLN, a probabilistic extension of ASP based on a weight scheme from Markov Logic. This choice is motivated by the fact that the core probabilistic reasoning modes can be mapped onto optimization problems and that LP^MLN may serve as a middle-ground formalism connecting to other probabilistic approaches. As a result, plingo offers three alternative frontends, for LP^MLN, P-log, and ProbLog. The corresponding input languages and reasoning modes are implemented by means of clingo's multi-shot and theory solving capabilities. The core of plingo amounts to a re-implementation of LP^MLN in terms of modern ASP technology, extended by an approximation technique based on a new method for answer set enumeration in the order of optimality. We evaluate plingo's performance empirically by comparing it to other probabilistic systems

Bürgerdialoge zwischen Technikkommunikation und Reflexion

In welchem Verhältnis stehen Wissenschaft, Politik und Öffentlichkeit? In diesem Text soll die Rolle von Beteiligung in Technikkommunikation am Beispiel eines großformatigen Beteiligungsprozesses näher betrachtet werden. Es wird beschrieben, in welchem Kontext ein solcher Dialog, getragen vom Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), entstehen konnte und welche Spannungen während des Prozesses aufgetreten sind. Darüber hinaus werden einige Schlussfolgerungen für Technikkommunikation gezogen, die für zukünftige Beteiligungsbemühungen wichtig sind. Dies scheint vor dem Hintergrund der zunehmenden Forderung nach Mitbestimmung besonders relevant.What is the relationship between science, politics and society? In the following text we discuss the role of participation in technology communication by looking at the example of a large-scale engagement process. We describe in which context such a dialogue, initiated and shaped by the German Ministry of Education and Research, could develop and which tensions occurred. Further, we make several conclusions regarding technology communication that can be helpful for future engagement ambitions. This seems especially important due to rising demands for more participation

Concept for improved handling ensures effective contactless plasma treatment of patients with kINPen® MED

The nursing of patients with wounds is an essential part of medical healthcare. In this context, cold atmospheric-pressure plasma sources can be applied for skin decontamination and stimulation of wound healing. One of these plasma devices is the commercially available kINPen® MED (neoplas tools GmbH), a cold atmospheric-pressure plasma jet which is approved as a medical device, class-IIa. For the plasma treatment, a sterile disposable spacer is recommended to ensure a constant and effective distance between plasma and skin. The disadvantage of this spacer is its form and size which means that the effective axis/area is not visible for the attending doctor or qualified personnel and consequently it is a more or less intuitive treatment. In addition, the suggested perpendicular treatment is not applicable for the attending specialist due to lack of space or patient/wound positioning. A concept of a sensory unit was developed to measure the treatment distance and to visualize the effective treatment area for different angles. To determine the effective area for the plasma treatment, some exemplary methods were performed. Thus, the antimicrobial (Staphylococcus aureus DSM799/ATCC6538) efficacy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) distribution and (vacuum) ultraviolet ((V)UV) irradiation were determined depending on the treatment angle. Finally, a simplified first approach to visualize the effective treatment area at an optimal distance was designed and constructed to train attending specialists for optimal wound area coverage. © 2020 by the authors

Plasma-activation of larger liquid volumes by an inductively-limited discharge for antimicrobial purposes

A new configuration of a discharge chamber and power source for the treatment of up to 1 L of liquid is presented. A leakage transformer, energizing two metal electrodes positioned above the liquid, limits the discharge current inductively by utilizing the weak magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary coils. No additional means to avoid arcing (electric short-circuiting), e.g., dielectric barriers or resistors, are needed. By using this technique, exceeding the breakdown voltage leads to the formation of transient spark discharges, producing non-thermal plasma (NTP). These discharges effected significant changes in the properties of the treated liquids (distilled water, physiological saline solution, and tap water). Considerable concentrations of nitrite and nitrate were detected after the plasma treatment. Furthermore, all tested liquids gained strong antibacterial efficacy which was shown by inactivating suspended Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Plasma-treated tap water had the strongest effect, which is shown for the first time. Additionally, the pH-value of tap water did not decrease during the plasma treatment, and its conductivity increased less than for the other tested liquids. © 2019 by the authors

High-entropy energy materials: Challenges and new opportunities

The essential demand for functional materials enabling the realization of new energy technologies has triggered tremendous efforts in scientific and industrial research in recent years. Recently, high-entropy materials, with their unique structural characteristics, tailorable chemical composition and correspondingly tunable functional properties, have drawn increasing interest in the fields of environmental science and renewable energy technology. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of this new class of materials in the energy field. We begin with discussions on the latest reports on the applications of high-entropy materials, including alloys, oxides and other entropy-stabilized compounds and composites, in various energy storage and conversion systems. In addition, we describe effective strategies for rationally designing high-entropy materials from computational techniques and experimental aspects. Based on this overview, we subsequently present the fundamental insights and give a summary of their potential advantages and remaining challenges, which will ideally provide researchers with some general guides and principles for the investigation and development of advanced high-entropy materials