3,775 research outputs found
Comparative analysis of the ability of Clostridium clariflavum strains and Clostridium thermocellumto utilize hemicellulose and unpretreated plant material
Experimental measurement of stress at a four-domain junction in lead zirconate titanate
A junction between two lamellar bands of ferroelectric domains in a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic is analysed using Kikuchi diffraction patterns in the transmission electron microscope. Indexing of the diffraction patterns allowed the determination of the 3D relative orientation of the 4 different domains at the junction and thus the characterisation of the domain boundaries. The local c/a ratio could also be determined from the misorientations at the domain boundaries. Analysis of the data showed that large stresses were concentrated at the junction, and that this is inevitable at such band junctions. Such stress concentrations could act as nuclei for cracking of the ceramic under additional loading in service, perhaps particularly as a consequence of extended electromechanical cycling. Moreover, the stresses would increase with increasing c/a making the issues all the more serious for Ti-rich compositions having larger c/a ratios
Gluino Pair Production at Linear e^+e^- Colliders
We study the potential of high-energy linear colliders for the
production of gluino pairs within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
(MSSM). In this model, the process is mediated by
quark/squark loops, dominantly of the third generation, where the mixing of
left- and right-handed states can become large. Taking into account realistic
beam polarization effects, photon and -boson exchange, and current mass
exclusion limits, we scan the MSSM parameter space for various
center-of-mass energies to determine the regions, where gluino production
should be visible.Comment: 22 pages, 9 figure
Optical/NIR stellar absorption and emission-line indices from luminous infrared galaxies
We analyze a set of optical-to-near-infrared long-slit nuclear spectra of 16
infrared-luminous spiral galaxies. All of the studied sources present H
emission, which reflects the star-forming nature of our sample, and they
clearly display H I emission lines in the optical. Their continua contain many
strong stellar absorption lines, with the most common features due to Ca I, Ca
II, Fe I, Na I, Mg I, in addition to prominent absorption bands of TiO, VO,
ZrO, CN and CO. We report a homogeneous set of equivalent width (EW)
measurements for 45 indices, from optical to NIR species for the 16
star-forming galaxies as well as for 19 early type galaxies where we collected
the data from the literature. This selected set of emission and
absorption-feature measurements can be used to test predictions of the
forthcoming generations of stellar population models. We find correlations
among the different absorption features and propose here correlations between
optical and NIR indices, as well as among different NIR indices, and compare
them with model predictions. While for the optical absorption features the
models consistently agree with the observations,the NIR indices are much harder
to interpret. For early-type spirals the measurements agree roughly with the
models, while for star-forming objects they fail to predict the strengths of
these indices.Comment: accepted for publication in MNRA
Design and synthesis of the first NO- and haem-independent sGC activator BAY 58–2667 for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure
NLO QCD corrections to WZ+jet production with leptonic decays
We compute the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to WZ+jet production at
the Tevatron and the LHC, including decays of the electroweak bosons to light
leptons with all off-shell effects taken into account. The corrections are
sizable and have significant impact on the differential distributions.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
Multi-dye theranostic nanoparticle platform for bioimaging and cancer therapy
Amit K Singh,1,2 Megan A Hahn,2 Luke G Gutwein,3 Michael C Rule,4 Jacquelyn A Knapik,5 Brij M Moudgil,1,2 Stephen R Grobmyer,3 Scott C Brown,2,61Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, 2Particle Engineering Research Center, College of Engineering, 3Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, 4Cell and Tissue Analysis Core, McKnight Brain Institute, 5Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; 6DuPont Central Research and Development, Corporate Center for Analytical Science, Wilmington, DE, USABackground: Theranostic nanomaterials composed of fluorescent and photothermal agents can both image and provide a method of disease treatment in clinical oncology. For in vivo use, the near-infrared (NIR) window has been the focus of the majority of studies, because of greater light penetration due to lower absorption and scatter of biological components. Therefore, having both fluorescent and photothermal agents with optical properties in the NIR provides the best chance of improved theranostic capabilities utilizing nanotechnology.Methods: We developed nonplasmonic multi-dye theranostic silica nanoparticles (MDT-NPs), combining NIR fluorescence visualization and photothermal therapy within a single nanoconstruct comprised of molecular components. A modified NIR fluorescent heptamethine cyanine dye was covalently incorporated into a mesoporous silica matrix and a hydrophobic metallo-naphthalocyanine dye with large molar absorptivity was loaded into the pores of these fluorescent particles. The imaging and therapeutic capabilities of these nanoparticles were demonstrated in vivo using a direct tumor injection model.Results: The fluorescent nanoparticles are bright probes (300-fold enhancement in quantum yield versus free dye) that have a large Stokes shift (>110 nm). Incorporation of the naphthalocyanine dye and exposure to NIR laser excitation results in a temperature increase of the surrounding environment of the MDT-NPs. Tumors injected with these NPs are easily visible with NIR imaging and produce significantly elevated levels of tumor necrosis (95%) upon photothermal ablation compared with controls, as evaluated by bioluminescence and histological analysis.Conclusion: MDT-NPs are novel, multifunctional nanomaterials that have optical properties dependent upon the unique incorporation of NIR fluorescent and NIR photothermal dyes within a mesoporous silica platform.Keywords: bioluminescence, in vivo imaging, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, NIR fluorescence, photothermal ablation, theranosti
The elaborate route for UDP-arabinose delivery into the Golgi of plants
Indexación: Scopus.In plants, L-Arabinose (Ara) is a key component of cell wall polymers, glycoproteins, as well as flavonoids, and signaling peptides. Whereas the majority of Ara found in plant glycans occurs as a furanose ring (Araf), the activated precursor has a pyranose ring configuration (UDP-Arap). The biosynthesis of UDP-Arap mainly occurs via the epimerization of UDP-xylose (UDP-Xyl) in the Golgi lumen. Given that the predominant Ara form found in plants is Araf, UDP-Arap must exit the Golgi to be interconverted into UDPAraf by UDP-Ara mutases that are located outside on the cytosolic surface of the Golgi. Subsequently, UDP-Araf must be transported back into the lumen. This step is vital because glycosyltransferases, the enzymes mediating the glycosylation reactions, are located within the Golgi lumen, and UDP-Arap, synthesized within the Golgi, is not their preferred substrate. Thus, the transport of UDP-Araf into the Golgi is a prerequisite. Although this step is critical for cell wall biosynthesis and the glycosylation of proteins and signaling peptides, the identification of these transporters has remained elusive. In this study, we present data demonstrating the identification and characterization of a family of Golgilocalized UDP-Araf transporters in Arabidopsis. The application of a proteoliposome-based transport assay revealed that four members of the nucleotide sugar transporter (NST) family can efficiently transport UDP-Araf in vitro. Subsequent analysis of mutant lines affected in the function of these NSTs confirmed their role as UDP-Araf transporters in vivo.http://www.pnas.org/content/114/16/4261.ful
- …