88 research outputs found

    Long COVID symptoms and duration in SARS-CoV-2 positive children - a nationwide cohort study

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    Most children have a mild course of acute COVID-19. Only few mainly non-controlled studies with small sample size have evaluated long-term recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate symptoms and duration of ‘long COVID’ in children. A nationwide cohort study of 37,522 children aged 0–17 years with RT-PCR verified SARS-CoV-2 infection (response rate 44.9%) and a control group of 78,037 children (response rate 21.3%). An electronic questionnaire was sent to all children from March 24th until May 9th, 2021. Symptoms lasting > 4 weeks were common among both SARS-CoV-2 children and controls. However, SARS-CoV-2 children aged 6–17 years reported symptoms more frequently than the control group (percent difference 0.8%). The most reported symptoms among pre-school children were fatigue Risk Difference (RD) 0.05 (CI 0.04–0.06), loss of smell RD 0.01 (CI 0.01–0.01), loss of taste RD 0.01 (CI 0.01–0.02) and muscle weakness RD 0.01 (CI 0.00–0.01). Among school children the most significant symptoms were loss of smell RD 0.12 (CI 0.12–0.13), loss of taste RD 0.10 (CI 0.09–0.10), fatigue RD 0.05 (CI 0.05–0.06), respiratory problems RD 0.03 (CI 0.03–0.04), dizziness RD 0.02 (CI 0.02–0.03), muscle weakness RD 0.02 (CI 0.01–0.02) and chest pain RD 0.01 (CI 0.01–0.01). Children in the control group experienced significantly more concentration difficulties, headache, muscle and joint pain, cough, nausea, diarrhea and fever than SARS-CoV-2 infected. In most children ‘long COVID’ symptoms resolved within 1–5 months. Conclusions: Long COVID in children is rare and mainly of short duration. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00431-021-04345-z

    Serum matrix metalloproteinase 8 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 : Potential markers for malignant transformation of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and for prognosis of laryngeal cancer

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    Background Biomarkers that could predict malignant transformation of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) would be useful in patient follow-up. We investigated whether serum matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) could predict malignant transformation of RRP and whether they associate with survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) without preexisting RRP. Methods We analyzed serum MMP-8 (S-MMP-8) and serum TIMP-1 (s-TIMP-1) in 114 patients: 55 were treated for RRP and 59 for LSCC without preexisting RRP. Five patients with RRP developed LSCC during follow-up. Results Elevated S-MMP-8 level in RRP was associated with malignant transformation (P = .01). Compared to patients with RRP, S-MMP-8 in patients with LSCC was significantly higher (P <.001). Increased S-TIMP-1 level in LSCC was associated with poor overall survival (P = .02) and recurrence-free survival (P = .05). Conclusion In RRP, high S-MMP-8 may predict malignant transformation. In LSCC, elevated S-TIMP-1 is connected to poor survival.Peer reviewe

    Utsikter för fortsatt anvÀndning och produktion av svensk biogas i förhÄllande till pÄgÄende marknadsförÀndringar inom kollektivtrafiken

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    Biogas is largely utilised as vehicle fuel in public bus transport in Sweden today. This study investigates opportunities and barriers for continued domestic use and production of biogas, in relation to the ongoing electrification of public bus transport. The analysis is based on interviews with actors in public transport and the biogas sector, experts on biogas systems, and representatives for alternative user segments. Three regions were chosen as case-studies for investigations of prospects in public transport, i.e. Stockholm, VĂ€stra Götaland and SkĂ„ne, though alternative uses were studied from a national perspective. In addition to public transport, considered uses include road transport, sea transport, industries, and electricity and heat production. The study identifies a broad agreement among stakeholders that renewable resources should be implemented where they provide most benefits from a system perspective. Therefore, electric public buses are valued in urban environments, while biogas solutions are found suitable for regional routes. Biogas is further viewed as environmentally beneficial in all user segments except continuous electricity and heat production, where it largely would replace renewable rather than fossil sources. Regarding costs and competitiveness, probable future uses are identified within light and heavy-duty road transport, and in consumer-oriented industries, i.e. the food industry. Economic support in policy instruments is further considered essential for continuous development of the Swedish biogas sector, though current influential instruments, e.g. the tax exemption, are described as short-term and unpredictable. The willingness to pay for the collected societal benefits of biogas further decrease in transitions from public to private consumers, and as biogas solutions simultaneously are linked with limited or uncertain competitiveness in these sectors, risks prevail that such transitions could imply stagnations and declines in biogas use and production, given today’s situation.Idag anvĂ€nds biogas till stor del som drivmedel för bussar inom kollektivtrafik i Sverige. Denna studie undersöker möjligheter och hinder för en fortsatt nationell anvĂ€ndning och produktion av biogas, i samband med att bussar inom kollektivtrafiken nu elektrifieras. Analysen Ă€r baserad pĂ„ intervjuer med aktörer inom kollektivtrafiken och biogassektorn, sakkunniga inom biogas, och alternativa anvĂ€ndare av biogas. Tre regioner, Stockholm, VĂ€stra Götaland och SkĂ„ne, valdes som fallstudier för analys av möjligheter för fortsatt anvĂ€ndning inom kollektivtrafiken. Alternativa anvĂ€ndningar studerades istĂ€llet ur ett nationellt perspektiv, och inkluderade vĂ€gtransporter, sjöfart, industri och el- och vĂ€rmeproduktion. Studien visar att det rĂ„der enighet mellan intervjupersoner att förnybara resurser över lag ska anvĂ€ndas dĂ€r de medför störst samhĂ€llsnytta sett till samhĂ€llet i stort. Inom kollektivtrafiken beskrivs elbussar dĂ€rför som fördelaktiga i stadsmiljöer, medan biogas ses som lĂ€mpligt i regional trafik. Biogas framstĂ€lls dessutom som miljömĂ€ssigt fördelaktigt i alla alternativa anvĂ€ndningsomrĂ„den utom kontinuerlig el- och vĂ€rmeproduktion, eftersom dĂ„ frĂ€mst förnybara och inte fossila resurser ersĂ€tts. Med hĂ€nsyn till kostnader och konkurrenskraft ses lĂ€tta och tunga transporter tillsammans med kundnĂ€ra industrier, t.ex. livsmedelsindustrin, som troliga framtida anvĂ€ndningsomrĂ„den för biogas. Ekonomiskt stöd frĂ„n styrmedel bedöms vara nödvĂ€ndigt för en fortsatt utveckling av biogassektorn i Sverige, Ă€ven om dagens styrmedel, t.ex. skattebefrielsen, beskrivs som kortsiktiga och oförutsĂ€gbara. Betalningsviljan för biogasens samlade samhĂ€llsnyttor minskar ocksĂ„ vid en övergĂ„ng frĂ„n offentliga till privata kunder. Eftersom biogas dĂ€rtill har en begrĂ€nsad eller osĂ€ker konkurrenskraft jĂ€mtemot andra alternativ i de privata segmenten, identifierar denna studie risker för stagnation eller nedgĂ„ng i anvĂ€ndning och produktion av biogas vid en eventuell utfasning frĂ„n den offentliga sektorn, givet dagens situation

    Rening av arsenik frÄn grundvatten genom adsorption till ferrihydrit-tÀckt laterit i Burkina Faso

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    In several parts of Burkina Faso, there is an urgent need of making arsenic contaminated water potable. The shallow, dug out wells traditionally used in the rural areas provides small, inconsistent yields and are vulnerable to microbes. Consequentially, many of them have now been replaced with drilled tube-wells, intercepting water from fractures in the bedrock and providing reliable water sources. However, as arsenic is naturally present in the bedrock in many parts of the country, previous studies has shown that water from a lot of these wells is not safe to drink. In some cases, the wells had to be closed due to high arsenic concentrations. The medical effect of the arsenic exposure has also been evaluated among the inhabitants of affected villages, indicating that the problem is critical. Previous studies in this project were focused on using the commercial material Granular Ferric Hydroxide (GFH) as a possible method for arsenic removal in the villages. As the price of GFH however is too high, other methods has been researched instead. In this study, natural laterite rock has been crushed and used as adsorbent in column experiments, but indicating a low arsenic capacity. The same lateritic sand has then been coated in ferrihydrite both by drying the materials together in the oven and by a centrifugation method previously evaluated in Uppsala, Sweden. Although results after the ferrihydrite-coating improved, the adsorption capacity was still significantly lower than that of GFH. The results from the ferrihydrite-coated sand also differed largely from those previously found in Uppsala, and though this could be due to the fact that this study was made with natural water instead, it is thought that the inevitable alterations in the coating method might have affected the result of the coating to a great extent. The conclusion of this study is therefore that ferrihydrite-coated sand still is a possible low-cost adsorbent material for arsenic contaminated water in developing countries, though factors such as sand material, grain size and coating method should be evaluated further

    Utsikter för fortsatt anvÀndning och produktion av svensk biogas i förhÄllande till pÄgÄende marknadsförÀndringar inom kollektivtrafiken

    No full text
    Biogas is largely utilised as vehicle fuel in public bus transport in Sweden today. This study investigates opportunities and barriers for continued domestic use and production of biogas, in relation to the ongoing electrification of public bus transport. The analysis is based on interviews with actors in public transport and the biogas sector, experts on biogas systems, and representatives for alternative user segments. Three regions were chosen as case-studies for investigations of prospects in public transport, i.e. Stockholm, VĂ€stra Götaland and SkĂ„ne, though alternative uses were studied from a national perspective. In addition to public transport, considered uses include road transport, sea transport, industries, and electricity and heat production. The study identifies a broad agreement among stakeholders that renewable resources should be implemented where they provide most benefits from a system perspective. Therefore, electric public buses are valued in urban environments, while biogas solutions are found suitable for regional routes. Biogas is further viewed as environmentally beneficial in all user segments except continuous electricity and heat production, where it largely would replace renewable rather than fossil sources. Regarding costs and competitiveness, probable future uses are identified within light and heavy-duty road transport, and in consumer-oriented industries, i.e. the food industry. Economic support in policy instruments is further considered essential for continuous development of the Swedish biogas sector, though current influential instruments, e.g. the tax exemption, are described as short-term and unpredictable. The willingness to pay for the collected societal benefits of biogas further decrease in transitions from public to private consumers, and as biogas solutions simultaneously are linked with limited or uncertain competitiveness in these sectors, risks prevail that such transitions could imply stagnations and declines in biogas use and production, given today’s situation.Idag anvĂ€nds biogas till stor del som drivmedel för bussar inom kollektivtrafik i Sverige. Denna studie undersöker möjligheter och hinder för en fortsatt nationell anvĂ€ndning och produktion av biogas, i samband med att bussar inom kollektivtrafiken nu elektrifieras. Analysen Ă€r baserad pĂ„ intervjuer med aktörer inom kollektivtrafiken och biogassektorn, sakkunniga inom biogas, och alternativa anvĂ€ndare av biogas. Tre regioner, Stockholm, VĂ€stra Götaland och SkĂ„ne, valdes som fallstudier för analys av möjligheter för fortsatt anvĂ€ndning inom kollektivtrafiken. Alternativa anvĂ€ndningar studerades istĂ€llet ur ett nationellt perspektiv, och inkluderade vĂ€gtransporter, sjöfart, industri och el- och vĂ€rmeproduktion. Studien visar att det rĂ„der enighet mellan intervjupersoner att förnybara resurser över lag ska anvĂ€ndas dĂ€r de medför störst samhĂ€llsnytta sett till samhĂ€llet i stort. Inom kollektivtrafiken beskrivs elbussar dĂ€rför som fördelaktiga i stadsmiljöer, medan biogas ses som lĂ€mpligt i regional trafik. Biogas framstĂ€lls dessutom som miljömĂ€ssigt fördelaktigt i alla alternativa anvĂ€ndningsomrĂ„den utom kontinuerlig el- och vĂ€rmeproduktion, eftersom dĂ„ frĂ€mst förnybara och inte fossila resurser ersĂ€tts. Med hĂ€nsyn till kostnader och konkurrenskraft ses lĂ€tta och tunga transporter tillsammans med kundnĂ€ra industrier, t.ex. livsmedelsindustrin, som troliga framtida anvĂ€ndningsomrĂ„den för biogas. Ekonomiskt stöd frĂ„n styrmedel bedöms vara nödvĂ€ndigt för en fortsatt utveckling av biogassektorn i Sverige, Ă€ven om dagens styrmedel, t.ex. skattebefrielsen, beskrivs som kortsiktiga och oförutsĂ€gbara. Betalningsviljan för biogasens samlade samhĂ€llsnyttor minskar ocksĂ„ vid en övergĂ„ng frĂ„n offentliga till privata kunder. Eftersom biogas dĂ€rtill har en begrĂ€nsad eller osĂ€ker konkurrenskraft jĂ€mtemot andra alternativ i de privata segmenten, identifierar denna studie risker för stagnation eller nedgĂ„ng i anvĂ€ndning och produktion av biogas vid en eventuell utfasning frĂ„n den offentliga sektorn, givet dagens situation

    Utsikter för fortsatt anvÀndning och produktion av svensk biogas i förhÄllande till pÄgÄende marknadsförÀndringar inom kollektivtrafiken

    No full text
    Biogas is largely utilised as vehicle fuel in public bus transport in Sweden today. This study investigates opportunities and barriers for continued domestic use and production of biogas, in relation to the ongoing electrification of public bus transport. The analysis is based on interviews with actors in public transport and the biogas sector, experts on biogas systems, and representatives for alternative user segments. Three regions were chosen as case-studies for investigations of prospects in public transport, i.e. Stockholm, VĂ€stra Götaland and SkĂ„ne, though alternative uses were studied from a national perspective. In addition to public transport, considered uses include road transport, sea transport, industries, and electricity and heat production. The study identifies a broad agreement among stakeholders that renewable resources should be implemented where they provide most benefits from a system perspective. Therefore, electric public buses are valued in urban environments, while biogas solutions are found suitable for regional routes. Biogas is further viewed as environmentally beneficial in all user segments except continuous electricity and heat production, where it largely would replace renewable rather than fossil sources. Regarding costs and competitiveness, probable future uses are identified within light and heavy-duty road transport, and in consumer-oriented industries, i.e. the food industry. Economic support in policy instruments is further considered essential for continuous development of the Swedish biogas sector, though current influential instruments, e.g. the tax exemption, are described as short-term and unpredictable. The willingness to pay for the collected societal benefits of biogas further decrease in transitions from public to private consumers, and as biogas solutions simultaneously are linked with limited or uncertain competitiveness in these sectors, risks prevail that such transitions could imply stagnations and declines in biogas use and production, given today’s situation.Idag anvĂ€nds biogas till stor del som drivmedel för bussar inom kollektivtrafik i Sverige. Denna studie undersöker möjligheter och hinder för en fortsatt nationell anvĂ€ndning och produktion av biogas, i samband med att bussar inom kollektivtrafiken nu elektrifieras. Analysen Ă€r baserad pĂ„ intervjuer med aktörer inom kollektivtrafiken och biogassektorn, sakkunniga inom biogas, och alternativa anvĂ€ndare av biogas. Tre regioner, Stockholm, VĂ€stra Götaland och SkĂ„ne, valdes som fallstudier för analys av möjligheter för fortsatt anvĂ€ndning inom kollektivtrafiken. Alternativa anvĂ€ndningar studerades istĂ€llet ur ett nationellt perspektiv, och inkluderade vĂ€gtransporter, sjöfart, industri och el- och vĂ€rmeproduktion. Studien visar att det rĂ„der enighet mellan intervjupersoner att förnybara resurser över lag ska anvĂ€ndas dĂ€r de medför störst samhĂ€llsnytta sett till samhĂ€llet i stort. Inom kollektivtrafiken beskrivs elbussar dĂ€rför som fördelaktiga i stadsmiljöer, medan biogas ses som lĂ€mpligt i regional trafik. Biogas framstĂ€lls dessutom som miljömĂ€ssigt fördelaktigt i alla alternativa anvĂ€ndningsomrĂ„den utom kontinuerlig el- och vĂ€rmeproduktion, eftersom dĂ„ frĂ€mst förnybara och inte fossila resurser ersĂ€tts. Med hĂ€nsyn till kostnader och konkurrenskraft ses lĂ€tta och tunga transporter tillsammans med kundnĂ€ra industrier, t.ex. livsmedelsindustrin, som troliga framtida anvĂ€ndningsomrĂ„den för biogas. Ekonomiskt stöd frĂ„n styrmedel bedöms vara nödvĂ€ndigt för en fortsatt utveckling av biogassektorn i Sverige, Ă€ven om dagens styrmedel, t.ex. skattebefrielsen, beskrivs som kortsiktiga och oförutsĂ€gbara. Betalningsviljan för biogasens samlade samhĂ€llsnyttor minskar ocksĂ„ vid en övergĂ„ng frĂ„n offentliga till privata kunder. Eftersom biogas dĂ€rtill har en begrĂ€nsad eller osĂ€ker konkurrenskraft jĂ€mtemot andra alternativ i de privata segmenten, identifierar denna studie risker för stagnation eller nedgĂ„ng i anvĂ€ndning och produktion av biogas vid en eventuell utfasning frĂ„n den offentliga sektorn, givet dagens situation
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