Prospective Changes in Energy Intake, Physical Activity, and Resting Energy Expenditure during Pregnancy

Background and Purpose: Prenatal changes in energy intake (EI), physical activity (PA), and resting energy expenditure (REE) are important determinants of future health and obesity outcomes. This study examined changes in EI, PA and REE in 16 adult, pregnant women (75% Normal-weight, 15% overweight/obese) early in pregnancy (<16 weeks), mid-pregnancy (24 weeks) and late-pregnancy (32-weeks). Results: From early to mid-pregnancy, women gained an average of 3.7 ± 2.9 kg; EI remained relatively constant (-74 ± 826 kcal/d), PA levels declined by -574 ± 1180 Metabolic Equivalent (METS)*min/wk, and REE increased 122 ± 326 kcal/d. From mid-pregnancy to late-pregnancy, women gained 5.9 ± 2.4 kg; EI increased by 279 ± 352 kcal/d, PA levels increased (460 ± 2000 METS*min/wk) but remained 393 METS*min/wk below early in pregnancy, and REE increased by 251 ± 218 kcal/d. Weight gain trajectories were consistent with IOM recommendations for healthy gestational weight gain (GWG). Conclusions: Findings suggest among women with health GWG, a pattern of gradual and relatively small increases in reported EI and REE is expected, with marginal declines in PA throughout pregnancy. Future research with a larger sample size should identify specific caloric and exercise goals associated with healthy GWG and pregnancy health outcomes

THE EFFECTS OF A UNIFORMLY WEIGHTED EXERCISE SUIT ON BIOMARKERS OF BONE TURNOVER IN RESPONSE TO AEROBIC EXERCISE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH LOW BONE DENSITY

Current options for maintaining or slowing aging-related bone mineral density (BMD) loss in postmenopausal women primarily include pharmaceutical agents. More recently, physical activity and exercise have been suggested as highly effective, low cost alternatives. Weighted aerobic exercise, utilizing load carriage systems (LCS), is known to increase the gravitational forces impacting bone, creating a higher osteogenic stimulus than standard aerobic exercise. In response to the positive research on aerobic exercise with well-designed LCS, Dr. Lawrence Petrakis, MD, developed a unique 5.44 kg uniformly weighted exercise suit. This study aimed to examine the effects of the uniformly weighted exercise suit on serum biochemical markers of bone formation (Amino- Propeptide of Type 1 Collagen [P1NP]; Carboxy-Terminal Propeptide of Type 1 Collagen [P1CP] and resorption (Carboxy-Terminal Telopeptide of Type 1 Collagen [CTX]) in response to submaximal aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women with low bone density. Nine volunteer, sedentary to lightly active, healthy postmenopausal women (Age: 58.7±1.1 years, BMI: 28.2±1.0, BMD T-score: -1.2±0.5) participated in this within-subjects study, wherein each participant exercised under two counterbalanced conditions (aerobic exercise with [ES] or without [NS] the exercise suit). During each condition, participants walked on a treadmill at 65%-75% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate until they reached their goal caloric expenditure (400kcal). There was a seven-day washout period between sessions. Serum was processed using ELISA protocols to investigate the change in biomarker at 24 and 72 hours post exercise, relative to baseline. The results indicated, when compared to the NS condition, the ES condition elicited a greater positive change in P1CP at 24 hours (Phours following exercise (P0.05). There was no effect of condition on P1NP at any time point (P\u3e0.05). In sum, submaximal aerobic exercise while wearing the uniformly weighted exercise suit elicited an antiresorptive effect on bone collagen resorption with a simultaneous increase in bone collagen formation 24 hours post exercise

Promoting Weight Loss Before Pregnancy: Feasible or Futile?

Pre-pregnancy obesity is a well-established risk factor for several adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including gestational diabetes, hypertension, cesarean sections, and fetal macrosomia. Weight loss before pregnancy could help prevent such complications, but the feasibility of such an approach remains unknown. The current study examined the feasibility of a 3-month pre-pregnancy behavioral weight loss program in 12 overweight/obese women planning pregnancy. The 3 month program resulted in an average 5.4 ± 3.0 kg weight loss and significant improvements in self-monitoring, physical activity, eating and exercise self-efficacy, and healthy eating (p \u3c 0.04). By the end of the 9 month follow-up, half of sample (n = 6) had conceived. Women reported significant increases in weekly or more frequent self-weighing (p \u3c 0.0001), counting calories (p \u3c 0.001), consuming fruit and vegetables (p = 0.007), and cutting out fat (p = 0.0001) and junk foods (p = 0.002). A lifestyle modification program to promote weight loss before pregnancy promoted clinically significant weight loss and appeared feasible

Effects of Varying Doses of Oral Bisphenol A Consumption on Type 2 Diabetes Risk Markers in Healthy Adults

Objective To determine the effects of varying doses of orally administered BPA on indices of glucose metabolism. Methods Eleven college students (21.0 ± 0.8 years; 24.2 ± 3.9 kg/m2) were randomized in a double-blinded, crossover fashion separated by \u3e1 week to placebo (PL), deuterated BPA at 4 µg/kg body weight (BPA-4), and deuterated BPA at 50 µg/kg body weight (BPA-50). Total BPA, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were assessed at baseline, minutes 15, 30, 45, 60, and every 30 minutes for 2 hours in response to a glucose tolerance test. Results There was a significant condition × time interaction for total BPA (P \u3c 0.001) such that BPA increased more rapidly in BPA-50 than BPA-4 and PL (P = 0.003) and increased more rapidly in BPA-4 than PL (P \u3c 0.001). There were no significant condition × time interactions on glucose, insulin, and C-peptide. Significant condition main effects were observed for glucose such that BPA-50 was significantly lower than PL (P = 0.036) and nearly lower for BPA-4 vs PL (P = 0.056). Significant condition main effects were observed such that insulin in BPA-50 was lower than BPA-4 (P = 0.021), and C-peptide in BPA-50 was lower than BPA-4 (t18 = 3.95; Tukey-adjusted P = 0.003). Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide areas under the curve for the 3-hour profile were significantly lower in BPA-50 vs PL (P \u3c 0.05). Conclusion Orally administered BPA protocol appeared feasible and has immediate effects on glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations

Randomized intervention trial to decrease Bisphenol A urine concentrations in women: Pilot study

In today\u27s uncertain market and continuously evolving technology, managing manufacturing systems are more complex than ever. This paper studies the dynamics of managing variety and volume to enhance value creation in manufacturers implementing system level advanced and automated manufacturing technology (AAM1). The demand is composed of heterogeneous customers who make purchasing decisions depending on the variety levels and lead times of the firm\u27s product offerings. The cost structure adopted calculates profit as the difference between customer value creation rate (VCR) and costs associated with the process of creating this value. Reported results contribute to the variety and volume management literature by offering analytical clarity of factors affecting product platforms and capacity scalability man agement for systems with AAMT. In addition, insightful answers to the trade offs between profit maximising market coverage and investments, smoothing demand policies and system stability for this type of environment are presented. Furthermore, the value of market information in deciding the industrial technology investment and also the impact of product life cycle on the same investment is captured

Effect of an Internet-Based Program on Weight Loss for Low-Income Postpartum Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Does an internet-based weight loss program promote long-term weight loss in low-income postpartum women in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC program)

Dataset for Pilot Randomized Trial to Reduce Urinary Bisphenols in Women With Obesity

Background: Bisphenol exposure is widespread and correlated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Previous intervention studies have effectively lowered bisphenol exposure among women of normal-weight. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the hypothesis that a 3-week bisphenol intervention would decrease urinary bisphenol A (BPA) bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF) in women with obesity. Methods: Thirty women with obesity (31.1 ± 5.6 kg/m2, 21.1 ± 3.1 yrs) were randomly assigned to an intervention or control. The intervention included weekly face-to-face meetings to reduce bisphenol exposures from food, cosmetics, and packaged products. Fasting urinary bisphenols, creatinine, and weight were assessed at study entry and after 3-weeks. Results: From study entry to 3-weeks, there was a significant treatment x time (P0.05) effects on creatinine-corrected urinary BPA, BPF, and weight. Conclusion: In women with obesity, a 3-week intervention decreased urinary BPS concentrations. Future large-scale clinical trials are needed to confirm these result and determine whether intervention reductions in bisphenols positively impact diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk markers

The Effects of a Combined Supplementation of Creatine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Repeated Sprint Performance

Abstract The Effects of a Combined Supplementation of Creatine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Repeated Sprint Performance James Jeremy Barber There is well-established research that suggests both creatine and sodium bicarbonate are effective ergogenic aids. However, only one published study has examined the combined effects of creatine and sodium bicarbonate. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if a combined supplementation of creatine monohydrate and sodium bicarbonate would further enhance the well-documented effects of creatine supplementation alone on repeated sprint performance. Thirteen healthy and fit males (Mean age = 21.15 ± 0.65 years and mean VO2 max = 66.72 ± 5.78) participated in this experimental study using a double-blinded crossover study design in which each subject was used as his own control. All subjects completed 3 conditions, followed by a 3-week washout period between each condition: 1) Placebo (Pl; 5 g maltodextrin + 0.5 g/kg maltodextrin), 2) Creatine (Cr; 5 g + 0.5 g/kg maltodextrin), and 3) Creatine plus sodium bicarbonate (Cr+Sb; 5g + 0.5 g/kg sodium bicarbonate). Each condition was a 2-day supplementation. In the morning after each supplementation, peak power, RPP, mean power, RMP, fatigue index, and perceptions of fatigue and GI distress were assessed during six 10-second repeated Wingate tests. Blood bicarbonate, pH, and lactate were measured 5 minutes before testing and immediately after the last Wingate sprint. The main findings were; 1) Cr+Sb produced 7% greater relative peak power and 4.6% greater peak power values than placebo, and 2) Cr+Sb demonstrated the greatest attenuation of decline in relative peak power over six repeated sprints. However, in contrast to our hypotheses, no benefits from either supplementation were observed for relative mean power, fatigue index, and perception of fatigue. Considering that this current study found benefits from combining creatine and sodium bicarbonate, it suggests that combining the supplements may improve repeated sprint performance. Future research on a greater sample size, a specific athletic population, various exercise modes, and comparing results with a sodium bicarbonate alone supplementation would be beneficial in determining if this combined supplementation is worthwhile

Light Intensity Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Relation to Body Mass Index and Grip Strength in Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Findings from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study.

Background Identifying modifiable determinants of fat mass and muscle strength in older adults is important given their impact on physical functioning and health. Light intensity physical activity and sedentary behavior are potential determinants, but their relations to these outcomes are poorly understood. We evaluated associations of light intensity physical activity and sedentary time—assessed both objectively and by self-report—with body mass index (BMI) and grip strength in a large sample of older adults. Methods We used cross-sectional baseline data from 1130 participants of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) study, a community-dwelling sample of relatively sedentary older adults (70-89 years) at heightened risk of mobility disability. Time spent sedentary and in light intensity activity were assessed using an accelerometer worn for 3–7 days (Actigraph GT3X) and by self-report. Associations between these exposures and measured BMI and grip strength were evaluated using linear regression. Results Greater time spent in light intensity activity and lower sedentary times were both associated with lower BMI. This was evident using objective measures of lower-light intensity, and both objective and self-reported measures of higher-light intensity activity. Time spent watching television was positively associated with BMI, while reading and computer use were not. Greater time spent in higher but not lower intensities of light activity (assessed objectively) was associated with greater grip strength in men but not women, while neither objectively assessed nor self-reported sedentary time was associated with grip strength. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study, greater time spent in light intensity activity and lower sedentary times were associated with lower BMI. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that replacing sedentary activities with light intensity activities could lead to lower BMI levels and obesity prevalence among the population of older adults. However, longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to strengthen causal inferences