California spring trials 2023

En el marco del convenio de Investigación y Desarrollo que el INTA mantiene con la empresa PanAmerican Seed, Juan Carlos Hagiwara* fue invitado entre el 28 de marzo y el 6 de abril a presenciar el evento California Spring Trials 2023 (CAST 23) y, también, las instalaciones que posee la empresa en el estado de California (Estados Unidos)Instituto de FloriculturaFil: Hagiwara, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; Argentin

A novel source of cytoplasmic male sterility in Calibrachoa pubescens

Calibrachoa pubescens is a species native from the south of Brazil, Uruguay and northeast Argentina. An accession identified as 7.3.1.1 was collected at San Martín Department in Corrientes Province, Argentina and is included in the calibrachoa breeding program at the Institute of Floriculture, INTA. This accession is male sterile and produces male-sterile progeny, characterized by the lack of pollen production. Male sterility may be controlled by nuclear or cytoplasmic genes with each type presenting a different mode of inheritance. The objective of this research was to present a novel source of cytoplasmic male sterility in Calibrachoa pubescens. Crosses were made in the greenhouse between the male-sterile line 7.3.1.1 as the female parent and seven male-fertile lines of diverse origin. F1s were backcrossed and self-pollinated. Individual plants of the progenies were classified as male-fertile or male-sterile according to pollen viability. Analyses of observed segregations showed that male sterility observed in 7.3.1.1 results from the interaction of a male sterile cytoplasm and nuclear restorer genes. A novel male sterile cytoplasm is now available for breeders. Main advantages of cytoplasmic male sterility in ornamentals breeding are: efficient hybrid production, increased flower longevity, avoidance of pollen allergens and control of plant invasiveness.Inst. de Genética "Ewald A. Favret"- IGEAFFil: Colombo, Noemi. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Coviella, Maria Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Intistuto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Hagiwara, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; Argentin

Begonia "Viking white on green"

Desarrollada por el Instituto de Floricultura del INTA y la empresa Sakata, ingresó al mercado internacional de plantines florales de estación. La presentan Julián Greppi y Juan Carlos Hagiwara.Instituto de FloriculturaFil: Greppi, Julian Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Hagiwara, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; Argentin

Una nueva especie de Mecardonia (Plantaginaceae)

Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Mecardonia hallada en el NE argentino, en la provincia de Corrientes. Se discuten sus afinidades con M. procumbens, su especie más próxima.A new species of Mecardoniafrom northeastern Argentina, in Corrientes province is described and illustrated. The affinities with its closest morphological relative, M. procumbens, are discussed.Instituto de FloriculturaFil: Greppi, Julian Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Hagiwara, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; Argentin

Novedades en Calibrachoa (Solanaceae) y notas taxonómicas sobre el género para la Argentina

Se describe e ilustra una nueva subespecie de Calibrachoa para Argentina y Brasil: C. linoides subsp. furcata. Se excluye a C. heterophylla de la flora argentina. Se consideran a C. linearis y a Petunia thymifolia f. gracilis como nuevos sinónimos de C. thymifolia y se esclarecen interpretaciones erróneas de dos especies (C. pubescens y C. humilis), previamente citadas para Argentina. Se designan lectotipos para Fabiana thymifolia, Petunia thymifolia f. gracilis y Salpiglossis linearis (= C. thymifolia).A new subspecies of Calibrachoa from Argentina and Brazil is described and ilustrated: C. linoides subsp. furcata. Calibrachoa heterophylla is excluded from the Argentinean flora. Calibrachoa linearisand Petunia thymifolia f. gracilis are considered as new synonyms of C. thymifolia, and misinterpreta-tions about two species (C. pubescens and C. humilis) previously cited for Argentina are clarified. Lec-totypes are designated for Fabiana thymifolia, Petunia thymifolia f. gracilis, and Salpiglossis linearis(= C. thymifolia)Instituto de FloriculturaFil: Greppi, Julian Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Hagiwara, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Stehmann, João R. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Botânica; Brasi

A new variety of Bacopa monnieri obtained by in vitro polyploidization

The commercial value of Bacopa monnieri , a widespread herbaceous plant in Argentina, can be substantially improved increasing its flower size by chromosome doubling with colchicine. MS supplemented with 0.25 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine proved to be an appropriate medium for the in vitro multiplication of nodal segments of B. monnieri. Polyploidization was achieved submerging nodal segments during 24 or 48 hrs in colchicine solution 0.001 and 0.01% P/V, in 1% DMSO. Segments submerged in water and in DMSO 1% aqueous solution were used as controls. DNA contents from recovered plants was measured and characterized and their phenotype described. Two tetraploid plants originated from independent events were detected. These plants showed significant differences in size and colour both in leaves and flowers compared to untreated controls

A new variety of Bacopa monnieri obtained by in vitro polyploidization

The commercial value of Bacopa monnieri , a widespread herbaceous plant in Argentina , can be substantially improved increasing its flower size by chromosome doubling with colchicine. MS supplemented with 0.25 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine proved to be an appropriate medium for the in vitro multiplication of nodal segments of B. monnieri. Polyploidization was achieved submerging nodal segments during 24 or 48 hrs in colchicine solution 0.001 and 0.01% P/V, in 1% DMSO. Segments submerged in water and in DMSO 1% aqueous solution were used as controls. DNA contents from recovered plants was measured and characterized and their phenotype described. Two tetraploid plants originated from independent events were detected. These plants showed significant differences in size and colour both in leaves and flowers compared to untreated controls

Utilización de plantas puente en el mejoramiento del complejo Calibrachoa – Petunia

La técnica de hibridación a través de plantas puentes, utiliza cruzamientos indirectos o intermedios como instrumento para cruzar parentales con diferente nivel de ploidía. El objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener híbridos que puedan ser utilizados como puentes en cruzamientos con especies ornamentales del género Petunia y/o Calibrachoa. Lo anterior permite sortear las barreras de incompatibilidad que surgen cuando la hibridación es directa entre especies. Para la obtención de híbridos se realizaron cruzamientos dirigidos entre: P. integrifolia, P. inflata, P. interior y P. axillaris subespecie axillaris; con C. linoides, C. ovalifolia, C. thymifolia, C. caesia, C. x hybrida var. Kabloom blue y C. x hybrida var. Kabloom yellow. El primer paso fue la detección de combinaciones putativas, para lo cual se comparó la tasa de fructificación definida como la formación de frutos cada 10 cruzamientos intergenéricos, encontrando resultados variables para cada combinación. Se obtuvo una planta híbrida entre P. inflata x C. x hybrida 'Kabloom yellow', en que los estudios morfológicos, de viabilidad del polen y meióticos confirman su naturaleza. Con el híbrido puente obtenido se realizaron cruzamientos recíprocos con todas de las especies de Petunia y Calibrachoa involucradas, obteniendo 31 plantas híbridas que comparten características morfológicas de ambos géneros en las combinaciones con P. inflata y P. integrifolia. La identificación de cruzamientos intergénericos con alto porcentaje de fructificación abre una ventana para futuros estudios sobre el desarrollo de los embriones híbridos. Esto permitirán conocer el momento oportuno para aplicar técnicas de rescate embrionario con el objeto de aumentar el número de plantas híbridas puentes.The hybridization technique through bridging plants uses indirect or intermediate crosses as an instrument to cross parents with different levels of ploidy. The objective of this work is to obtain hybrids that can be used as bridges in crosses with ornamental species of the genus Petunia and/or Calibrachoa. This can overcome the incompatibility barriers that arise when hybridization is direct between species. To obtain hybrids, directed crosses were carried out between: P. integrifolia, P. inflata, P. interior and P. axillaris subspecies axillaris; with C. linoides, C. ovalifolia, C. thymifolia, C. caesia, C. x hybrida var. Kabloom blue and C. x hybrida var. Kabloom yellow. The first step was the detection of putative combinations. In order to do so, the fruiting rate, which was defined as the formation of fruits every 10 intergeneric crosses, was compared, and variable results were found for each combination. A hybrid plant was obtained between P. inflata x C. x hybrida 'kabloom yellow', where morphological, pollen viability and meiotic studies confirm its nature. With the bridge hybrid obtained, reciprocal crosses were carried out with all of the Petunia and Calibrachoa species involved, obtaining 31 hybrid plants sharing morphological characteristics of both genera in combinations with P. inflata and P. integrifolia. The identification of intergenetic crosses with a high fruiting rate opens doors for future studies on the development of hybrid embryos. This would allow determining the optimum time to apply embryo rescue techniques in order to increase the number of hybrid bridging plants.Instituto de FloriculturaFil: Milicia, Víctor José. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, María Fabiana. Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Hagiwara, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Soto, Maria Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Floricultura; Argentin

First report of basal rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Calibrachoa hybrida

Calibrachoa (Solanaceae) is a plant genus typical of open environments that occurs in both the Pampas and the high-altitude grasslands of southern Brazil (Fregonezi et al. 2012). Calibrachoas (mini petunias) are hybrids developed from native germplasm, with increasing importance in the ornamental plant market. During October 2019, basal rot was observed in plants of C. hybrida cv. INTA 06575 grown in a propagation greenhouse in Hurlingham, Buenos Aires. Those symptoms caused the darkening and withering of the leaves (incidence of 10 %). White mycelial mats containing sclerotia of 2 to 8 mm in diameter were evident on the base of the wilted plants and the nearby soil surface. Pieces of symptomatic stem tissues were surface-disinfested in ethanol 70% for 1 min, sodium hypochlorite (2 g Cl/L) for 1 min, washed with distilled water for 1 min, and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. The plates were incubated in the dark for 5 days at 23°C and individual colonies were transferred to new plates of PDA to obtain pure cultures. The colonies developed white cottony mycelium, and a ring of large black sclerotia at the periphery of the plates. No teleomorph was observed. Based on the morphology of the colony, sclerotia, and microscopic observations, the pathogen was identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (Mordue and Holliday 1976). A representative isolate was deposited in the Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Collection of Argentina, CEPAVE as CEP 785. Genomic DNA was extracted and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified with the primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990). The resulting sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. MT177216) and the BLASTn search showed 100 % of identity with those of S. sclerotiorum (ex. MG931017, KX781301). The pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed by placing plugs of 10 mm2 obtained from a 7-day-old culture grown on PDA,on the stem bases of 12 healthy potted calibrachoas 2 months old. Those segments were wrapped with moistened sterilized cotton (Choi et al. 2017). Four plants with sterile PDA plugs served as controls. Each plant was placed inside a polyethylene bag, and all of them were kept in a growth chamber at 20°C. All the inoculated plants had their leaves discolored after five days, and wilted after thirteen days. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was consistently re-isolated from rotten stem bases, thus fulfilling Koch?s postulates. Control plants did not develop symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. sclerotiorum causing basal rot on Calibrachoa hybrida (Farr and Rossman 2020) in Argentina, and in the world.Fil: Borrelli, Nicolas Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Papone, Mirta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Maria Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnolológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Stenglein, Sebastian Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnolológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Stancanelli, Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Wright, Eduardo Roberto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Fitopatología; ArgentinaFil: Hagiwara, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Floricultura; ArgentinaFil: Rivera, Marta Carolina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Producción Vegetal; Argentin

Wild ornamental germplasm exploration and domestication based on biotechnological approaches. In vitro colchicine treatment to obtain a new cultivar of Scoparia montevidiensis

The genus Scoparia is native from Argentina. The diversity of colours and shape of their flowers bestows this genus a very interesting ornamental potential. The purpose of the present study is to explore the Scoparia species germplasm by means of in vitro polyploidization in order to improve their ornamental qualities. Accessions of S. montevidiensis var. montevidiensis, S. montevidiensis var. glandulifera, S. nudicaulis, S. hasleriana and S. dulcis were collected and maintained under greenhouse conditions. The Murashige-Skoog medium, supplemented with 0.25 mg/L BAP was used for the nodal segments multiplication of the five Scoparia species. Except for S. hasleriana, the multiplication rate of the other species ranged between 10 and 12 shoots per explant. The colchicine doses tested with S. montevidiensis were: 0.0; 0.1; 0.05; 0.01 and 0.001% (24 and 48 hrs). From a total of 364 recovered plants, 4 solid tetraploid and 16 chimeras were detected. Significant differences were observed for the size of flower, leaves, and the stem diameter among the tetraploid plants and between them and the control. The tissue culture proved to be a powerful tool both to multiply the Scoparia material incorporated to our germplasm collection and to obtain new improved varieties of this beautiful genus