Missing Variables in Theories of Strategic Human Resource Management: Time, Cause, and Individuals

Much progress has been made with regard to theory building and application in the field of Strategic Human Resource Management (HRM) since Wright and McMahan’s (1992) critical review. While researchers have increasingly investigated the impact of HR on economic success within the Resource Based view of the firm, and have developed more middle level theories regarding the processes through which HR impacts firm performance, much work still needs to be done. This paper examines how future theorizing in SHRM should explore the concepts of time, cause, and individuals. Such consideration will drive more longitudinal research, more complex causal models, and consideration of multi-level phenomena

Recurrence Spectroscopy in Time-Dependent Fields

Closed-orbit theory is a semiclassical technique for explaining the spectra of Rydberg atoms in external fields. We derive an alternative version of closed-orbit theory that applies when the external fields are time dependent. We compare the results of this theory with experiments on lithium atoms in a weak oscillating electric field

Laser induced deposition of thin films.

A new chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process has been demonstrated with Si thin films. In this process, reactant gases are heated by absorbing light energy emitted from an IR laser. No other surfaces are heated by the reaction, thus contamination is eliminated, the state (stress, crystallinity, grain size, etc.) of the film can be controlled and unwanted heterogeneous reaction sites are eliminated.Research conducted to date has employed silane (SiH 4) as a reactant and an untuned CO2 laser. Process conditions appropriate for film deposition have been defined. Deposition kinetics, film characteristics and mixed gas optical absorptivities have been measured. Deposition rates are comparable to other low pressure CVD processes (~ 1-10 A/sec) but with much colder substrate temperatures being permitted. The characteristics of initial amorphous Si films indicate that they equal or exceed the quality of films deposited by highly developed plasma or reactive sputtering techniques

Extracting Classical Trajectories from Atomic Spectra

We describe how to reconstruct individual classical trajectories from spectroscopic data. The ac dipole moment of a trajectory can be found from the effect of an oscillating field on the spectrum. The inverse Fourier transform of such data yields the component of the electron trajectory along the direction of the oscillating field. We demonstrate the method by experimentally extracting z(t) for two electron trajectories that influence the Stark spectrum of Rydberg lithium. Within the experimental resolution, the reconstructed orbits agree well with classical predictions

Recurrence Spectroscopy of a Time-Dependent System: A Rydberg Atom in an Oscillating Field

We report the results of an experimental and theoretical investigation of the recurrence spectra of Rydberg atoms in a static plus weak oscillating electric field. Experiments reveal the systematic weakening of orbits in a recurrence spectrum as the oscillating field strength and frequency are changed. We describe a generalization of closed orbit theory to time-dependent systems and show that it provides a qualitative and quantitative description of the phenomena

The influence of tart cherries (Prunus Cerasus) on vascular function and the urinary metabolome: a randomised placebo-controlled pilot study

Montmorency tart cherries (MC) have been found to modulate indices of vascular function with interventions of varying duration. The objective of this preliminary study was to identify the chronic effects of MC supplementation on vascular function and the potential for urinary metabolomics to provide mechanistic evidence. We performed a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised study on 23 healthy individuals (18M, 7F) that consumed 30 ml MC or a placebo twice daily for 28 days. Whole body measures of vascular function and spot urine collections were taken at baseline and after supplementation. There were no significant changes to vascular function including blood pressure and arterial stiffness. Urinary metabolite profiling highlighted significant changes (P < 0⋅001) with putative discriminatory metabolites related to tryptophan and histidine metabolism. Overall, MC supplementation for 28 days does not improve indices of vascular function but changes to the urinary metabolome could be suggestive of potential mechanisms

Transient groundwater chemistry near a river: Effects on U(VI) transport in laboratory column experiments

In the 300 Area of a U(VI)-contaminated aquifer at Hanford, Washington, USA, inorganic carbon and major cations, which have large impacts on U(VI) transport, change on an hourly and seasonal basis near the Columbia River. Batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the factors controlling U(VI) adsorption/desorption by changing chemical conditions over time. Low alkalinity and low Ca concentrations (Columbia River water) enhanced adsorption and reduced aqueous concentrations. Conversely, high alkalinity and high Ca concentrations (Hanford groundwater) reduced adsorption and increased aqueous concentrations of U(VI). An equilibrium surface complexation model calibrated using laboratory batch experiments accounted for the decrease in U(VI) adsorption observed with increasing (bi)carbonate concentrations and other aqueous chemical conditions. In the column experiment, alternating pulses of river and groundwater caused swings in aqueous U(VI) concentration. A multispecies multirate surface complexation reactive transport model simulated most of the major U(VI) changes in two column experiments. The modeling results also indicated that U(VI) transport in the studied sediment could be simulated by using a single kinetic rate without loss of accuracy in the simulations. Moreover, the capability of the model to predict U(VI) transport in Hanford groundwater under transient chemical conditions depends significantly on the knowledge of real-time change of local groundwater chemistry