Hubungan Kelincahan dengan Keterampilan Menggiring Bola pada Siswa Kelas V.e Sdn 006 Pangkalankerinci Kab. Pelalawan

Based on the researcher\u27s observation of students in class V,E of SDN 006 Pangkalan Kerinci Pelalawan District. Researcher found many student have deficiency of dribbling, visible when the student dribble imperfect, as the ball away from the feet, so that the ball easily captured opponent. It is influenced by physical conditions that agility. The purpose of this research is to see the correlation between agility with ball dribbling skills of Student class V.E of SDN 006 Pangkalan Kerinci Pelalawan District. Population in this research is all Student in class V of SDN 006 Pangkalan Kerinci Pelalawan District amount 22 people. Based on population that is not so large and within the limits the researchers set the whole population is used as a sample. The research sample as many as 22 people. Research instrument used suttle run test to agility and dribbling ball test. Data were analyzed by product moment correlation. Based on research results, it can be concluded as follows : that is result obtained from Student in class V.E of SDN 006 Pangkalan Kerinci Pelalawan District. Shows that there is correlation of the agility (X) with dribbling (Y) , which shows correlation rhitung = 0,462>rtabel = 0,43

Isolation and characterization of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from the gingiva and the periodontal ligament of the horse

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The equine periodontium provides tooth support and lifelong tooth eruption on a remarkable scale. These functions require continuous tissue remodeling. It is assumed that multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) reside in the periodontal ligament (PDL) and play a crucial role in regulating physiological periodontal tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize equine periodontal MSC.</p> <p>Tissue samples were obtained from four healthy horses. Primary cell populations were har-vested and cultured from the gingiva, from three horizontal levels of the PDL (apical, midtooth and subgingival) and for comparison purposes from the subcutis (masseteric region). Colony-forming cells were grown on uncoated culture dishes and typical <it>in vitro </it>characteristics of non-human MSC, i.e. self-renewal capacity, population doubling time, expression of stemness markers and trilineage differentiation were analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Colony-forming cell populations from all locations showed expression of the stemness markers CD90 and CD105. In vitro self-renewal capacity was demonstrated by colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) assays. CFU-efficiency was highest in cell populations from the apical and from the mid-tooth PDL. Population doubling time was highest in subcutaneous cells. All investigated cell populations possessed trilineage differentiation potential into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Due to the demonstrated in vitro characteristics cells were referred to as equine subcutaneous MSC (eSc-MSC), equine gingival MSC (eG-MSC) and equine periodontal MSC (eP-MSC). According to different PDL levels, eP-MSC were further specified as eP-MSC from the apical PDL (eP-MSCap), eP-MSC from the mid-tooth PDL (eP-MSCm) and eP-MSC from the subgingival PDL (eP-MSCsg). Considering current concepts of cell-based regenerative therapies in horses, eP-MSC might be promising candidates for future clinical applications in equine orthopedic and periodontal diseases.</p

Extracranial guiding structures for navigation to specific topographical sectors of the equine neopallium: an anatomical investigation performing three-dimensional distance measurements in adult warm-blooded horses

Background: This basically anatomical study focuses on two items; firstly, the establishment of a system for the cartographic subdivision of the neopallium; secondly, the topographical correlation of extracranial landmarks and intracranial sites on the neopallium. Materials and methods: The surface of the neopallium was subdivided into 15 sectors with reference to a newly introduced pattern of Primary Sulci. The topographical link between extracranial landmarks and certain intracranial sites (i.e. neopallium sectors) was elaborated by using a simple stereotactic device and a computer-assisted measurement device. Measurements were performed between points on the head's outer surface and on the isolated brain. Results and Conclusions: The introduction of an anatomical three-dimensional coordinate system was an essential key issue for this investigation. This setting facilitated the measurements and calculations of the so-called indirect distances that were characterised by their alignment along the three orthogonal axes (x, y, z) of the anatomical coordinate system. The inter-individual comparison (16 adult horses [Equus caballus]) of the indirect distances revealed that each sector centre lay within a distinct morphometric residence area. The measured and calculated data also showed that each sector centre could be assigned to its proper extracranial landmark that - in comparison with other landmarks - was best suited for the optimal allocation of the sector centre point

The histological components of the phoniatrical body-cover model in minipigs of different ages.

Pigs are models in human phoniatry. However, features of maturation and ageing have not been considered with regard to the so-called body-cover model in this species. Therefore, the glottis of "young" (2-3 months; n = 6) and "old" (4-7 years; n = 6) minipigs was investigated. Their cranial (CraF) and caudal (CauF) vocal folds were histomorphometrically and stratigraphically analysed with emphasis on their amounts of collagen structures and elastic fibres. A dense subepithelial layer (SEL) was a distinct feature of CraF and CauF of both age groups; it was spread upon the underlying loose, flexible "cover" like a fibro-elastic membrane. The "cover" was characterised by the so-called superficial layer (SL), which was distinctly loose in the "young" minipigs, but had a much denser texture in the "old" minipigs. Here, the SL was dominated by elastic fibres in the CraF, but was of mixed qualities (collagenous and elastic) in the CauF. The structural requirements for the SL's function as a loose "cover" were thus met only in the "young" animals. A clearly demarcated intermediate layer (IL)--characterised by high amounts of elastic fibres (as in humans)--was only found in the CraF of the "young" animals. In the "old" animals, it had lost its demarcation. In the depth of the CraF of the "old" animals, many thick collagen fibre bundles were detected in a location equivalent to that of the vocal muscle in the CauF. The development of their large diameters was interpreted as part of the maturation process, thereby supporting the hypothesis of their functional importance as a component of the "body." In the CauF, the amounts of collagen structures increased throughout the entire lamina propria, resulting in a loss of demarcated stratigraphical subdivisions in the "old" minipigs. This situation resembled that described in the vocal fold of geriatric humans

Graphical representation of the statistical analysis (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) of differences in the amounts of collagen structures, i.e. apa.coll (%), in 10 proportional subunits of the CauF.

<p>The analyses were performed separately for each age group (‘young’ and ‘old’) and are displayed in three different diagrams. Note: Different designs (i.e. intensities of grey colour) indicate that the differences between the subunits, or groups of subunits, were <i>statistically significant</i>. The amounts of collagen structures (mean values) are recorded in the boxes arranged in each bar. In each age group, three procedures of comparison were performed, each displayed in one ‘Wilcoxon Bar’. Wilcoxon Bar 1: Comparison of one subunit with its preceding and succeeding neighbour. Wilcoxon Bar 2: Comparison of groups made up of 2 subunits each. Subunit 1 was not grouped with its neighbouring subunit 2 if its values were significantly higher than those of subunit 2. Wilcoxon Bar 3: Comparison of groups representing the hypothetical zones 1 to 4 (see Figs <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0128085#pone.0128085.g002" target="_blank">2</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0128085#pone.0128085.g004" target="_blank">4</a>). Bar 4 summarises bars 1–3; here, a <i>shaded</i> design indicates <i>continuous</i> transitions, because the distinct demarcation lines (representing statistically significant differences) were located differently in bars 1, 2, and 3, respectively.</p

Graphical representation of the statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test) of differences in elastic fibre amounts in the hypothetical zones 1 to 4 (Z1–Z4) between the two age groups (‘young’ versus ‘old’).

<p>These pairwise comparisons are displayed as two adjoining boxes. Note: Different designs (orientation of lines) indicate that the differences between the age groups were <i>statistically significant</i>.</p

Amounts of elastic fibres per area, apa.elast (%), in ‘young’ and ‘old’ minipigs.

<p>Eight hypothetical zones were assigned in the CraF: Zone 1 (Z1) was a narrow band underneath the epithelium (representing subunit 1), zones 2 to 7 (Z2–Z7) each comprised three subunits; zone 8 (Z8) represented the remaining subunit 20.</p

Graphical representation of the statistical analysis (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) of differences in elastic fibre amounts, i.e. apa.elast (%), in 20 proportional subunits of the CraF.

<p>The analyses were performed separately for each age group (‘young’ and ‘old’) and are displayed in three different diagrams. Note: Different designs (i.e. intensities of grey colour) indicate that the differences between the subunits, or groups of subunits, were <i>statistically significant</i>. The elastic fibre amounts (mean values) are recorded in the boxes arranged in each bar. Three procedures of comparison were performed (‘Wilcoxon Bars’ 1–3), and are summarised in bar 4 (Summary), as explained in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0128085#pone.0128085.g005" target="_blank">Fig 5</a>.</p

Graphical illustration of a cross section (coronal section) of the porcine glottis demonstrating the cranial and caudal fold, CraF and CauF, and pairs of ROIs placed along the midlines of the CraF and CauF (from Lang [16], modified).

<p>The midline through the CraF was twice as long as the midline through the neighbouring CauF; the diameter of each ROI was 35 μm. For the scoring procedure, however, the diameter of the ROIs was 70 μm. Inset upper left: Cranial and caudal fold of the fixed glottis; the dashed line indicates where the midportion was transversally cut (coronal sections) prior to placing the two resulting tissue blocks in the embedding moulds.</p