115 research outputs found
The 4-spinon dynamical structure factor of the Heisenberg chain
We compute the exact 4-spinon contribution to the zero-temperature dynamical
structure factor of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg isotropic antiferromagnet in zero
magnetic field, directly in the thermodynamic limit. We make use of the
expressions for matrix elements of local spin operators obtained by Jimbo and
Miwa using the quantum affine symmetry of the model, and of their adaptation to
the isotropic case by Abada, Bougourzi and Si-Lakhal (correcting some overall
factors). The 4-spinon contribution to the first frequency moment sum rule at
fixed momentum is calculated. This shows, as expected, that most of the
remaining correlation weight above the known 2-spinon part is carried by
4-spinon states. Our results therefore provide an extremely accurate
description of the exact structure factor.Comment: 13 page
Gapped Heisenberg spin chains in a field
We consider the fully anisotropic Heisenberg spin-1/2 antiferromagnet in a
uniform magnetic field, whose ground-state is characterized by broken spin
rotation symmetry and gapped spinon excitations. We expand on a recent
mean-field approach to the problem by incorporating fluctuations in a loop
expansion. Quantitative results for the magnetization, excitation gap and
specific heat are obtained. We compare our predictions with new DMRG and exact
diagonalization data and, for zero field, with the exact solution of the
spin chain from the Bethe Ansatz.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figure
The dynamical spin structure factor for the anisotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain
The longitudinal spin structure factor for the XXZ-chain at small wave-vector
q is obtained using Bethe Ansatz, field theory methods and the Density Matrix
Renormalization Group. It consists of a peak with peculiar, non-Lorentzian
shape and a high-frequency tail. We show that the width of the peak is
proportional to q^2 for finite magnetic field compared to q^3 for zero field.
For the tail we derive an analytic formula without any adjustable parameters
and demonstrate that the integrability of the model directly affects the
lineshape.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, published versio
Dynamic properties of quantum spin chains: Simple route to complex behavior
We examine dynamic structure factors of spin-1/2 chains with nearest-neighbor
interactions of XX and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya type, and with periodic and random
changes in the sign of these interactions. This special kind of inhomogeneity
can be eliminated from the Hamiltonian by suitable transformation of the spin
variables. As a result, the dynamic structure factors of periodic or random
chains can be computed from those of the uniform chains. Using the exact
analytical and precise numerical results available for the uniform systems we
illustrate the effects of regular alternation or random disorder on dynamic
structure factors of quantum spin chains
Self-assembly of "Mickey Mouse" shaped colloids into tube-like structures: experiments and simulations
The self-assembly of anisotropic patchy particles with triangular shape was
studied by experiments and computer simulations. The colloidal particles were
synthesized in a two-step seeded emulsion polymerization process, and consist
of a central smooth lobe connected to two rough lobes at an angle of
90, resembling the shape of a "Mickey Mouse" head. Due to the
difference in overlap volume, adding an appropriate depletant induces an
attractive interaction between the smooth lobes of the colloids only, while the
two rough lobes act as steric constraints. The essentially planar geometry of
the "Mickey Mouse" particles is a first geometric deviation of dumbbell shaped
patchy particles. This new geometry is expected to form one-dimensional
tube-like structures rather than spherical, essentially zero-dimensional
micelles. At sufficiently strong attractions, we indeed find tube-like
structures with the sticky lobes at the core and the non-sticky lobes pointing
out as steric constraints that limit the growth to one direction, providing the
tubes with a well-defined diameter but variable length both in experiments and
simulations. In the simulations, we found that the internal structure of the
tubular fragments could either be straight or twisted into so-called Bernal
spirals
Deformed strings in the Heisenberg model
We investigate solutions to the Bethe equations for the isotropic S = 1/2
Heisenberg chain involving complex, string-like rapidity configurations of
arbitrary length. Going beyond the traditional string hypothesis of undeformed
strings, we describe a general procedure to construct eigenstates including
strings with generic deformations, discuss general features of these solutions,
and provide a number of explicit examples including complete solutions for all
wavefunctions of short chains. We finally investigate some singular cases and
show from simple symmetry arguments that their contribution to zero-temperature
correlation functions vanishes.Comment: 34 pages, 13 figure
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Omentoplasty for the Management of Abdominoperineal Defects in Patients Treated for Cancer
Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to
examine the effects of omentoplasty on pelviperineal morbidity following
abdominoperineal resection (APR) in patients with cancer.
Background: Recent studies have questioned the use of omentoplasty for the
prevention of perineal wound complications.
Methods: A systematic review of published literature since 2000 on the use
of omentoplasty during APR for cancer was undertaken. The authors were
requested to share their source patient data. Meta-analyses were conducted
using a random-effects model.
Results: Fourteen studies comprising 1894 patients (n ¼ 839 omentoplasty)
were included. The majority had APR for rectal cancer (87%). Omentoplasty
was not significantly associated with the risk of presacral abscess formation in
the overall population (RR 1.11; 95% CI 0.79–1.56), nor in planned subgroup
analysis (n ¼ 758) of APR with primary perineal closure for nonlocally
advanced rectal cancer (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.68–1.64). No overall differences
were found for complicated perineal wound healing within 30 days (RR 1.30;
95% CI 0.92–1.82), chronic perineal sinus (RR 1.08; 95% CI 0.53–2.20), and
pelviperineal complication necessitating reoperation (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.80–
1.42) as well. An increased risk of developing a perineal hernia was found for
patients submitted to omentoplasty (RR 1.85; 95% CI 1.26–2.72). Complications related to the omentoplasty were reported in 4.6% (95% CI 2.5%–
8.6%).
Conclusions: This meta-analysis revealed no beneficial effect of omentoplasty on presacral abscess formation and perineal wound healing after APR,
while it increases the likelihood of developing a perineal hernia. These
findings do not support the routine use of omentoplasty in APR for cancer
Burden of illness of Pompe disease in patients only receiving supportive care
Background: Pompe disease is an orphan disease for which enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) recently became available. This study aims to estimate all relevant aspects of burden of illness-societal costs, use of home care and informal care, productivity losses, and losses in health-related quality of life (HRQoL)-for adult Pompe patients only receiving supportive care. Methods: We collected data on all relevant aspects of burden of illness via a questionnaire. We applied a societal perspective in calculating costs. The EQ-5D was used to estimate HRQoL. Results: Eighty adult patients (87% of the total Dutch adult Pompe population) completed a questionnaire. Disease severity ranged from mild to severe. Total annual costs were estimated at €22,475 (range €0-169,539) per adult Pompe patient. Patients on average received 8 h of home care and 19 h of informal care per week. Eighty-five percent of the patients received informal care from one or more caregivers; 40% had stopped working due to their disease; another 20% had reduced their working hours. HRQoL for Pompe patients who only received supportive care was estimated at 0.72, 17% lower than the Dutch population at large. Conclusions: Adult Pompe disease is associated with a considerable burden of illness at both the societal and patient levels. The disease leads to substantial costs and dependency on medical devices, home care, and informal care, and has a high impact on the patient's social network. In addition, patients are limited in their ability to work and have significantly reduced HRQoL
Magnetic properties of the quantum spin-1/2 XX diamond chain: The Jordan-Wigner approach
The Jordan-Wigner transformation is applied to study magnetic properties of
the quantum spin-1/2 model on the diamond chain. Generally, the
Hamiltonian of this quantum spin system can be represented in terms of spinless
fermions in the presence of a gauge field and different gauge-invariant ways of
assigning the spin-fermion transformation are considered. Additionally, we
analyze general properties of a free-fermion chain, where all gauge terms are
neglected and discuss their relevance for the quantum spin system. A
consideration of interaction terms in the fermionic Hamiltonian rests upon the
Hartree-Fock procedure after fixing the appropriate gauge. Finally, we discuss
the magnetic properties of this quantum spin model at zero as well as non-zero
temperatures and analyze the validity of the approximation used through a
comparison with the results of the exact diagonalization method for finite (up
to 36 spins) chains. Besides the plateau the most prominent feature of
the magnetization curve is a jump at intermediate field present for certain
values of the frustrating vertical bond.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J.
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