PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING AND ANTAGONISTIC TRAITS OF INDIGENOUS FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS SPP. ISOLATED FROM WHEAT RHIZOSPHERE AND A. HALIMUS ENDOSPHERE

Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. are an important group of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). They increase the growth of their host plant directly or indirectly. In this study, 3 Fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from the wheat rhizosphere and one from the endophyte of the halophyte Atriplex halimus. Based on biochemical, physiological reactions and 16S rRNA gene sequences, the isolates were identified as Pseudomonas putida AF2, P. aeruginosa RB5, P. fluorescens RB13 and P. aeruginosa EH4. These strains and P. fluorescens CHA0 were screened for their PGPR activities. All the strains solubilized phosphate with a maximum of 187.9 μg / ml. P. fluorescens CHA0 produced a significant amount (88.37μg/ml) of IAA. The siderophores production by all the strains was proved and the percent of production varied from 38 to 46. The strains produced HCN, protease and amylase. Mycelial growth of F. oxysporum and A. alternata was strongly reduced in the presence of antagonistic fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., with the inhibition rate varying between 25 to 38% and 17 to 27%, respectively. On the basis of excellent growth promoter, biocontrol activities, the fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. tested could be applied as inoculants of wheat for sustainable agriculture in salty soils

PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING AND ANTAGONISTIC TRAITS OF INDIGENOUS FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS SPP. ISOLATED FROM WHEAT RHIZOSPHERE AND A. HALIMUS ENDOSPHERE

Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. are an important group of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). They increase the growth of their host plant directly or indirectly. In this study, 3 Fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from the wheat rhizosphere and one from the endophyte of the halophyte Atriplex halimus. Based on biochemical, physiological reactions and 16S rRNA gene sequences, the isolates were identified as Pseudomonas putida AF2, P. aeruginosa RB5, P. fluorescens RB13 and P. aeruginosa EH4. These strains and P. fluorescens CHA0 were screened for their PGPR activities. All the strains solubilized phosphate with a maximum of 187.9 μg / ml. P. fluorescens CHA0 produced a significant amount (88.37μg/ml) of IAA. The siderophores production by all the strains was proved and the percent of production varied from 38 to 46. The strains produced HCN, protease and amylase. Mycelial growth of F. oxysporum and A. alternata was strongly reduced in the presence of antagonistic fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., with the inhibition rate varying between 25 to 38% and 17 to 27%, respectively. On the basis of excellent growth promoter, biocontrol activities, the fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. tested could be applied as inoculants of wheat for sustainable agriculture in salty soils

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use / Land Cover in Swat, Pakistan Using Supervised Classification in Remote Sensing: 2000 to 2015

Changes in land use and land cover affect the social, economic and natural aspects of any area. Mostly land use and land cover (LULC) changes are the result of population growth and human activities in the form of urban agglomerations and industrialization etc. Physical factors like soil structure and type, slope condition, topography are main aspects. Land use change defines the historical pattern that how people used that specific land which depends on the availability of resources and economic conditions. LULC changes may trigger the detrimental effects like increase in natural hazard events and changes in climatic patterns. Climatic pattern directly affects the precipitation, groundwater recharge, the amount of evapotranspiration and runoff generation. On regional and local scale, LULC change is a far-reaching issue because environment and climate condition depend on i

Computational prediction of a phage cocktail active against multidrug-resistant bacteria [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

BackgroundAntibiotic misuse and overuse have contributed to the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, posing a serious public health problem across the globe. Phage cocktails, which combine multiple phages, provide an efficient method to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. This study integrated a computational pipeline to design a phage cocktail against the bacterial strains Acinetobacter baumannii AB0057, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae HS11286, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14.MethodsThe whole genome sequences of selected multidrug-resistant bacteria were accessed. Prophage sequences were identified from them which could be expressed to produce viable lytic phages against MDR bacterial strains, thereby reducing the severity of infection. Prophages were annotated for open reading frames (ORFs), putative promoters, virulence factors, transcriptional terminators, ribosomal RNAs, and transfer RNAs. A dot plot was also generated to investigate similar phages and phylogenetic analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 11 prophages were predicted from the bacterial genomes. About 472 open reading frames were predicted along with 3 transfer RNAs. Additionally, the presence of 754 putative promoters and 281 transcription terminator sequences was also detected. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses provided insight into the diversity, relatedness, and lytic potential of the phages. The final designed phage cocktail consisted of five selected prophages including Acinetobacter baumannii prophages (2759376-2809756) and (3311844-3364667), and Klebsiella pneumoniae prophages (1288317-1338719), (1778306-1808606), and (2280703-2325555).ConclusionThe phage cocktail designed in this study might be useful against MDR Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, especially where conventional antibiotics fail. Sequence similarity analysis suggested that the phage cocktail may also be effective against other carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strains

Dependency Parsing for Arabic Quran using Easy-First Parsing Algorithm

Arabic is the main language of Al-Quran. Nowadays, many people are studying the Language of Al-Quran, called Quran Arabic. For the beginners, it is important for them to understand the syntactic relationship in a sentence found in the Qur'an. If they do not understand enough, the interpretation will be different and wrong. It will turn into dangerous because Al-Quran is a source of guidance for Muslims’ life. Dependency parsing is very important for linguistic research, especially for rich languages such as the Arabic Language. This study aims to build dependency parsing, in order to make it easier to get to understand syntactic relationship information in sentences. This study uses a parsing method called deterministic parsing, which the method used is shift-reduce parsing with the Easy-First parsing algorithm. The evaluation used labeled attachment score calculation. The score generated from the evaluation was 69.7, beforehand, the comparison both the system results and the gold standard have been done. 62 sentences found the correct head and relation in each word. The number of words found to be wrong is not more than 3 words in one sentence. Evaluation scores produced are not exorbitant due to the complicated tagset used and lacking test sentences

Effect of Quinolones Versus Cefixime on International Normalized Ratio Levels After Valve Replacement Surgery with Warfarin Therapy

Background and Objectives: A dispute over interaction of warfarin with two quinolones—i.e., moxifloxacin and levofloxacin—leading to significant increase in international normalized ratio (INR) levels and coagulopathies is currently in debate. The study objective was to compare the INR values due to addition of quinolones and cefixime in warfarin treated patients after replacement of disease valves with metallic valves. Material and Methods: A prospective evaluation of patients who undergone valve replacement surgeries in the cardiology hospital setup in Pakistan during the period 2018–2019 was done, including all those subjects treated concurrently with levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, cefixime, and warfarin for the study. Data organized included demographic information, concurrent medications, and appropriate analytical parameters, especially INR values taken before and within seven days after prescribing three antibiotics in discharged patients who had undergone valve replacement surgeries. Patients for whom laboratory INR values were not given at the time of discharge and with deranged liver function, renal function, low albumin levels, and febrile patients were removed from study. Furthermore, patients were advised on possible food interactions and evaluated to examine if these factors have any possible influence on the interaction being studied. Results: Differences in INR were analyzed statistically by means of SPSS analysis before and after the possible interaction. Following the administration of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin to warfarin therapy, statistical analysis showed remarkable increase in INR (p < 0.001) and no significant change in INR was observed after cefixime treatment (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Results showed that, after adding levofloxacin and moxifloxacin in patients on warfarin, therapy contributed to remarkable increase in INR. However, addition of cefixime prevented frequent coagulopathies; therefore, close monitoring of INR and switching to a safe antibiotic such as cefixime is recommended

Semiotic Approach Towards Analyzing TV Advertisements: A Critical Discourse Analysis

AbstractPurpose - This research aims to uncover the ideologies and ethical perspectives behind electronic advertisements shown in Pakistan. The study examines the role of media adverts with an emphasis on stereotypic gender representation and spread of distorted information in shaping the minds of consumers through symbolic images and visual content. Design/methodology/approach - The current study is based on Peirce’s Semiotic Theory in 1860s, which analyzes the signs and visuals in mainstream television advertisements and unravel the social or cultural contexts underlying advertising discourse. Grounded in the theoretical framework of critical interpretation of electronic media, advertisements were interpreted using Semiotics and visuals features. The data for this study consists of three selected commercial broadcasts chosen randomly from all commercials aired on Pakistan’s most viewed TV channels (ARY, PTV, Geo, and Express). Lastly, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) has been used to critically examine TV advertisements to explore that how advertisers construct ideologies about gender stereotypes through signs, icons, and symbols. Findings – The findings revealed that electronic advertisements mostly represent gender roles stereotyping and promote unethical values against Islamic ideologies in Pakistan. Through the lens of Critical Discourse, it was found that advertisement’s content and symbols create meanings and convey the message with false narratives to consumers violating the ethical code of advertisements under the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) Pakistan. Originality/ value - The media revolution unfolds severe issues like women's objectification, ultra-modern culture, and misrepresentation of Islamic values. To date, many researchers have investigated the influence of advertisements on consumers in Western countries, but the Critical Semiotic Analysis of TV advertisements in complying with Islamic ideologies is never studied in Pakistan’s context. Practical Implications - The outcomes of this study will help advertising firms, Policymakers, and PEMRA by providing them with deep insights and knowledge about the perception of consumers and helping them to take strict measures to avoid anti-Islamic content that creates harm to Islamic values and civilization