Evaluation of wooden materials deteriorated by marine wood boring organisms in the black sea

Marine borers can destroy wooden structures exposed to the marine environment and cause great monetary loss. In the region of Amasra of the Black Sea in Turkey, ships continue to be built from wood, mainly Castanea sativa (sweet chestnut) and Quercus petraea (sessile oak) and therefore are subject to destruction by marine borers. Copper-chromium-arsenic (CCA), used to be one of the most common wood preservatives used    in Turkey. However, in this area its efficacy against mari-ne borers is unknown.   The resistance of untreated and CCA-treated samples of chestnut, oak and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) was examined  and aft er twelve months evaluated in two ways, EN 275, and a non-destructive measurement for dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE). Untreated samples, particularly Scots pine were severely attacked by Teredo navalis. Treated samples of oak and chestnut were moderately attacked while treated samples of Scots pine sapwood and heartwood were sound. Severity of wood boring attack determined using MOE showed a very good correlation with that de-termined by visual assessment in untreated wood, and a good correlation for treated wood. Dynamic MOE allows rapid on-site evaluation rather than measurements within a laboratory and also without causing damage to the structures being evaluated

Chemical composition of coniferous wood species occurring in Turkey

The chemical analysis of coniferous wood species occuring in Turkey was presented. Three trees were chosen from each species of coniferous woods and three discs were taken from each tree, the first from the bottom of the stem, the second from the middle, and the third from the upper part. The samples taken from each disc were divided into sapwoods and heartwoods and chipped into matchstick size splinters. The chemical analysis of Turkish coniferous wood species were found useful to present comparative results with regards to both technical utilization and scientific purposes

Inorganic constituents in barks of Abies bornmülleriana and Castanea sativa

Barks of Abies bornmülleriana and Castanea sativa were investigated for inorganic constituents by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. 18 elements were detected in the barks of the two species. While Ca was found as the main constituent, 68.7% of the total elements in fir and 76.6% in chestnut, K,Mg,Al and Mn were seen as other predominating elements

Inorganic constituents in barks of Abies bornmulleriana and Castanea sativa

WOS: 000238678100016Barks of Abies bornmulleriana and Castanea sativa were investigated for inorganic constituents by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. 18 elements were detected in the barks of the two species. While Ca was found as the main constituent, 68.7% of the total elements in fir and 76.6% in chestnut, K, Mg, Al and Mn were seen as other predominating elements

Inorganic constituents in barks of Abies bornmulleriana and Castanea sativa

Barks of Abies bornmulleriana and Castanea sativa were investigated for inorganic constituents by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. 18 elements were detected in the barks of the two species. While Ca was found as the main constituent, 68.7\% of the total elements in fir and 76.6\% in chestnut, K, Mg, Al and Mn were seen as other predominating elements

Chemical constituents of balsam from Liquidambar orientalis

WOS: A1996UC6450000

Volatile constituents and key odorants in leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits of Laurus nobilis L.

WOS: 000220285600031PubMed: 15030218The volatiles of fresh leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits from bay (Laurus nolilis L.) were isolated by solvent extraction and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Their odor quality was characterized by gas chomatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (HRGC-O-MS) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). In fresh bay leaves 1,8-cineole was the major component, together with alpha-terpinyl acetate, sabinene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, beta-elemene, alpha-terpineol, linalool, and eugenol. Besides 1,8-cineole and the pinenes, the main components in flowers were alpha-eudesmol, beta-elemene, and beta-caryophyllene, in fruits (E)-beta-ocimene and biclyclogermacrene, and in buds (E)-beta-ocimene and germacrene D. The aliphatic ocimenes and farnesenes were absent in leaves. By using HRGC-O-MS 21 odor compounds were identified in fresh leaves. Application of AEDA revealed (Z)-3-hexenal (fresh green), 1,8-cineole (eucalyptus), linalool (flowery), eugenol (clove), (E)-isoeugenol (flowery), and an unidentified compound (black pepper) with the highest flavor dilution factors. Differences between buds, flowers, fruits, and leaves with regard to the identified odor compounds are presented

Wood and bark composition of Picea orientalis (L) Link

WOS: A1997WW70700004Cell-wall components of Picea orientalis wood were determined according to the methods of wood analysis. The wood contained higher amounts of cell-wall components than the bark. Lignin content was found to be higher in the outer bark than that in the inner bark. but holocellulose and cellulose contents were lower in the outer bark than those of the inner bark. Total yield of successive extractions with benzene, diethyl ether; hot water, ethanol and 1% NaOH was 68.9% for the outer bark and 56.1% for the inner bark. Stiasny number taken as 3. measure for condensed tannins was seen to vary from 26.6 to 55.8. The wood contained 0.4-0.6% of lipophilic extractives, whereas the bark contained 4.5-6.4% of them. Lipophilic extractives were composed of fatty acids, resin acids, alcohols and sterols. Polar extractives of the wood were composed of monosaccharides and lignans. The bark contained numerous constituents of phenolic nature in addition to monosaccharides and lignans

Wood and bark composition of Picea orientalis (L) Link

Cell-wall components of Picea orientalis wood were determined according to the methods of wood analysis. The wood contained higher amounts of cell-wall components than the bark. Lignin content was found to be higher in the outer bark than that in the inner bark. but holocellulose and cellulose contents were lower in the outer bark than those of the inner bark. Total yield of successive extractions with benzene, diethyl ether; hot water, ethanol and 1\% NaOH was 68.9\% for the outer bark and 56.1\% for the inner bark. Stiasny number taken as 3. measure for condensed tannins was seen to vary from 26.6 to 55.8. The wood contained 0.4-0.6\% of lipophilic extractives, whereas the bark contained 4.5-6.4\% of them. Lipophilic extractives were composed of fatty acids, resin acids, alcohols and sterols. Polar extractives of the wood were composed of monosaccharides and lignans. The bark contained numerous constituents of phenolic nature in addition to monosaccharides and lignans