Chemical composition and antifungal effects of three species of Satureja (S. hortensis, S. spicigera, and S. khuzistanica) essential oils on the main pathogens of strawberry fruit

Due to an increasing risk of chemical contamination upon the application of synthetic fungicides to preserve fresh fruits and vegetables, essential oils are gaining increasing attentions. In this research, besides chemical analysis of the essential oils of three Satureja species (S. hortensis, S. spicigera, and S. khuzistanica) by GC-MS, their fungicidal and/or fungistatic effects on postharvest pathogens of strawberry were investigated. Essential oils were extracted by means of hydro-distillation and afterwards GC/MS analysis was performed to identify their components. Carvacrol, γ-terpinene and p-cymene were detected as the repeating main constituents of the spices, while thymol and carvacrol methyl ether were found as major components only in S. spicigera oil. In vitro results showed that at the maximum concentration, the essential oils did not possess fungicidal effects on Aspergillus niger but they exhibited fungicidal activities against Penicillium digitatum, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer. However, S. khuzistanica was the strongest oil in fungicidal activity. S. hortensis oil was more effective than S. spicigera against B. cinerea whereas S. spicigera oil showed stronger fungicidal activity against R. stolonifer. In conclusion, essential oils isolated from three savory species could be suitable for applications in the food industry to control molds and improve the safety of fruits and vegetables. © 2015 Elsevier B.V

Family medicine in Iran: facing the health system challenges

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand the perspectives of policy makers and decision makers of Iran's health system about the implementation of family medicine in Iran urban areas. MATERIALS/PATIENTS & METHODS: This study is a qualitative study with framework analysis. Purposive semi-structured interviews were conducted with Policy and decision makers in the five main organizations of Iran health care system. The codes were extracted using inductive and deductive methods. RESULTS: According to 27 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Policy and decision makers, three main themes and 8 subthemes extracted, including: The development of referral system, better access to health care and the management of chronic diseases. CONCLUSION: Family medicine is a viable means for a series of crucial reforms in the face of the current challenges of health system. Implementation of family medicine can strengthen the PHC model in Iran urban areas. Attempting to create a general consensus among various stakeholders is essential for effective implementation of the project. BACKGROUND: In response to the current fragmented context of health systems, it is essential to support the revitalization of primary health care in order to provide a stronger sense of direction and integrity. Around the world, family medicine recognized as a core discipline for strengthening primary health care setting

Pengaruh Pemberian Motivasi, Kebutuhan Pegawai Dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara Cirebon

Human Resources is essential in government agencies , and not just because they play an important role in shaping and achieving agency objectives in terms of service to the community, but it is appropriate Human Resources to get fairness and justice. A sense of unfairness and inequity among employees affect the employee performance resulting work spirit and passion of employees decreased looks of ability, quality and quantity of jobs and employee discipline. This study aims to reveal the effect of granting Motivation, Employee Needs and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance at the State Treasury Office Cirebon. The method used is descriptive and verification method, which is to get a picture of the actual conditions that exist in place of research and proving the hypothesis about the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable individually and together. The sample size used by 45 respondents. The results showed that administration of Motivation, Employee Needs and Job Satisfaction in State Treasury Office Cirebon positive influence on employee performance. Together Giving Motivation, Employee Needs and Job Satisfaction Employee Performance toward significant effect on the State Treasury Service of Cirebon, with the risk of error of 5% where the F count = 152.768> F table = 2.83 or p-value = 0.000 <0, 05 with a coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.912 or 91.2% are outside the influence of the variables studied variables are very small for 1-R2 = 0.088 (error) or by 8.8%. In each Giving Motivation on Employee Performance t = 2.260> t table = 2.02 to 0.29 and a significant need for Employees on employee performance t = 2,749> t table = 2.02 to 0.09 as well significantly Satisfaction Work on employee performance t = 3.521> t table = 2.02. with significant 0.001. Conclusion; Giving Motivation positive influence on employee performance with a regression coefficient of 0.265, Employee Needs a positive effect on employee performance with a regression coefficient of 0.347 and job satisfaction has positive influence on employee performance with a regression coefficient of 0.361. Giving Motivation, Employee Needs and Job Satisfaction jointly positive effect on employee performance with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.912.�Keywords: motivation; personal needs; employee satisfaction; performance of employee

Short-term effect of kinesiology taping on pain, functional disability and lumbar proprioception in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain: a double-blinded, randomized trial

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of kinesiology taping (KT) on lumbar proprioception, pain, and functional disability in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods: Thirty individuals with nonspecific CLBP participated in this double-blinded, randomized clinical trial from July 2017 to September 2018. The participants were randomized into two groups: KT (n = 15) and placebo group (n = 15). KT was applied with 15�25 tension for 72 h, and placebo taping was used without tension. Lumbar repositioning error was measured by a bubble inclinometer at three different angles (45° and 60° flexion, and 15° extension) in upright standing. Pain and disability were assessed by the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire and Oswestry Disability Index, respectively. All measurements were recorded at baseline and 3 days after taping. Results: Pain and disability scores reduced 3 days after taping in the KT group with large effect sizes (p 0.05). Also, only constant error of 15° extension showed a moderate correlation with disability (r = 0.39, p = 0.02). Conclusion: KT can decrease pain and disability scores after 3 days of application. Although placebo taping can reduce pain, the effect of KT is higher than placebo taping. The findings do not support the therapeutic effect of KT and placebo taping as a tool to enhance lumbar proprioception in patients with nonspecific CLBP. Trial registration: The study prospectively registered on 21.05.2018 at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20090301001722N20. © 2020, The Author(s)

Dynamic and volumetric variables reliably predict fluid responsiveness in a porcine model with pleural effusion

Background: The ability of stroke volume variation (SVV), pulse pressure variation (PPV) and global end-diastolic volume (GEDV) for prediction of fluid responsiveness in presence of pleural effusion is unknown. The aim of the present study was to challenge the ability of SVV, PPV and GEDV to predict fluid responsiveness in a porcine model with pleural effusions. Methods: Pigs were studied at baseline and after fluid loading with 8 ml kg−1 6% hydroxyethyl starch. After withdrawal of 8 ml kg−1 blood and induction of pleural effusion up to 50 ml kg−1 on either side, measurements at baseline and after fluid loading were repeated. Cardiac output, stroke volume, central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary occlusion pressure (PAOP) were obtained by pulmonary thermodilution, whereas GEDV was determined by transpulmonary thermodilution. SVV and PPV were monitored continuously by pulse contour analysis. Results: Pleural effusion was associated with significant changes in lung compliance, peak airway pressure and stroke volume in both responders and non-responders. At baseline, SVV, PPV and GEDV reliably predicted fluid responsiveness (area under the curve 0.85 (p<0.001), 0.88 (p<0.001), 0.77 (p = 0.007). After induction of pleural effusion the ability of SVV, PPV and GEDV to predict fluid responsiveness was well preserved and also PAOP was predictive. Threshold values for SVV and PPV increased in presence of pleural effusion. Conclusions: In this porcine model, bilateral pleural effusion did not affect the ability of SVV, PPV and GEDV to predict fluid responsiveness

Mechanisms of muscular electrophysiological and mitochondrial dysfunction following exposure to malathion, an organophosphorus pesticide

Muscle dysfunction in acute organophosphorus (OP) poisoning is a cause of death in human. The present study was conducted to identify the mechanism of action of OP in terms of muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Electromyography (EMG) was conducted on rats exposed to the acute oral dose of malathion (400 mg/kg) that could inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity up to 70%. The function of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the rate of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from intact mitochondria were measured. The bioenergetic pathways were studied by measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactate, and glycogen. To identify mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of bax and bcl-2, protein expression of caspase-9, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, and DNA damage were measured. The EMG confirmed muscle weakness. The reduction in activity of mitochondrial complexes and muscular glycogen with an elevation of lactate was in association with impairment of cellular respiration. The reduction in mitochondrial proapoptotic stimuli is indicative of autophagic process inducing cytoprotective effects in the early stage of stress. Downregulation of apoptotic signaling may be due to reduction in ATP and ROS, and genotoxic potential of malathion. The maintenance of mitochondrial integrity by means of artificial electron donors and increasing exogenous ATP might prevent toxicity of OPs

Identification and Characterization of a Small Molecule that Activates Thiosulfate Sulfurtransferase and Stimulates Mitochondrial Respiration

The enzyme Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST, EC 2.8.1.1), is a positive genetic predictor of diabetes type 2 and obesity. As increased TST activity protects against the development of diabetic symptoms in mice, an activating compound for TST may provide therapeutic benefits in diabetes and obesity. We identified a small molecule activator of human TST through screening of an inhouse small molecule library. Kinetic studies in vitro suggest that two distinct isomers of the compound are required for full activation as well as an allosteric mode of activation. Additionally, we studied the effect of TST protein and the activator on TST activity through mitochondrial respiration. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) approaches supports an allosteric site for the binding of the activator, which is supported by the lack of activation in the E. coli. mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Finally, we show that increasing TST activity in isolated mitochondria increases mitochondrial oxygen consumption. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN INDEPENDENSI AUDITOR TERHADAP KINERJA AUDITOR INTERNAL (Survey Pada PT Pindad (Persero), PT INTI (Persero), dan PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) )

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi dan independensi auditor terhadap kinerja auditor internal pada PT Pindad (Persero), PT INTI (Persero), PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero). Metode yang dipergunakan adalah deskriptif verifikatif dengan mengunakan teknik sampel jenuh sebanyak 31 responden. Teknik Skala Likert dipergunakan dalam melakukan pengukuran atas jawaban dari pernyataan yang diajukan kepada responden penelitian dengan cara memberikan skor pada setiap item jawaban. Analisis data yang dipergunakan adalah regresi linear berganda dengan melihat koefisien determinasi. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial maupun simultan kompetensi dan independensi auditor berpengaruh terhadap kinerja auditor internal. Besarnya pengaruh kompetensi terhadap kinerja auditor internal yaitu 22,4%. Besarnya pengaruh independensi auditor terhadap kinerja auditor internal yaitu 48,5%, dari kedua variable tersebut diketahui bahwa independensi auditor lebih berpengaruh terhadap kinerja auditor internal dengan besarnya pengaruh 48,5%. Secara simultan terdapat pengaruh dari kompetensi dan independensi auditor terhadap kinerja auditor. Kompetensi dan independensi auditor memberikan pengaruh sebesar 70,9% terhadap kinerja auditor internal, sedangkan sisanya yaitu 29,1% merupakan pengaruh factor lain di luar variable yang sedang diteliti. Kata Kunci: Kompetensi, Independensi Auditor, dan Kinerja Auditor Interna