An Overview of Grammar Translation Method’s Effect on EFL Teaching And Learning

In language teaching and learning, several methods are used for the effectiveness of teaching and learning activity. The researcher implemented the methods to assist the teacher in teaching the language, time after time. The methods have undergone many changes and development based on the attitude and school of thought for teaching and learning a language, so each method has a different character, technique, and implementation. This reflection will expand on the grammatical translation method (GTM) used in the nineteenth century to teach English as a foreign language. This method is based on the goal of grammatical competence. To achieve the goal, this method has several characteristic and technique which will be used in its implementation. The writer attempts to do a review by investigating 5 published articles gathered from internet websites to show the use of the grammar-translation method, its effectiveness, and why it is criticized for teaching and learning English as a foreign language. The writer’s reflection is included too

Classifying Three Stages of Cataract Disease using CNN

مقدمة:   من بين العديد من الأمراض التي تصيب شبكية العين هو الساد . يعتبر مرض الساد من أخطر مشاكل الصحة العامة الدوائية في الدول النامية.  يمكن أن يحدث  دون التسبب في أي أعراض. وهو يعتبر أحد الأسباب الرئيسية للعمى أو عدم وضوح الرؤية لكبار السن. لذلك ، فإن الاكتشاف الدقيق والمبكر لإعتام عدسة العين حسب شدة الحالة مطلوب للحفاظ على الرؤية ومنع الزيادة العالمية في العمى الناجم عن إعتام عدسة العين. كما هو الحال مع معظم الأمراض المتعلقة بالعيون، فقد ثبت أن العلاجات والتشخيص المبكر يمنعان فقدان البصر . و بالمقارنة مع طرق التشخيص اليدوية، تساعد أنظمة تحليل الشبكية الأوتوماتيكي في تقليل وقت للمرضى وتقليل التكلفة. اكتسبت طرق الكشف عن مرض عتمة العين المبنية على استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي اهتمامًا كبيرًا في المجتمع العلمي. ينتج هذا البحث طريقة فعالة وقوية للتشخيص التلقائي لإعتام عدسة العين باستخدام الشبكة العصبية التلافيفية (CNN) لاكتشاف وتصنيف الساد تلقائيًا في صور قاع العين. يستخدم محسن آدم ومجموعة بيانات (ODIR) لتدريب النموذج. تتفوق الطريقة المقترحة على أحدث أنظمة الكشف عن المياه البيضاء بمتوسط ​​دقة 100٪ لفئتين (عادي، إعتام عدسة العين)، 96.9٪ لأربع فئات (عادي، خفيف، معتدل، شديد) وفقًا للنتائج التجريبية. طرق العمل: باستخدام شبكة Convolution العصبية (CNN) لاكتشاف وتصنيف إعتام عدسة العين تلقائيًا في صور قاع العين.. الاستنتاجات:    حيث يقترح هذا البحث نظام التشخيص الآلي لإعتام عدسة العين باستخدام الشبكة العصبية العميقة (DCNN). تمت معالجة مجموعة بيانات الساد لصور قاع العين مسبقًا وتحسينها لجعل مجموعة البيانات أكثر ملاءمة لتغذية الشبكة العميقة في البداية. تعمل الشبكة المقترحة في طبقات مختلفة، ودوال التنشيط ، ودوال الخسارة، وخوارزميات التحسين من أجل تقليل تكاليف الحوسبة مع الحفاظ على دقة النموذج. استخدم النظام المقترح طرق تكبير متعددة للصور ، ثم طبق النظام على هذه الصور المعززة لتقليل مشكلة فرط التجهيز وتحسين كفاءة النظام المقترح ، حيث تم الحصول على أفضل دقة لتصنيف 96.9 بالمائة لصور قاع العين التي تمت زيادتها قاعدة بيانات ODIR ، ولكن بنسبة 94 في المائة فقط عند تطبيق النظام على صور قاع العين الأصلية. عند مقارنته بأعمال أخرى مماثلة، كان أداء هذا النظام رائعًا. نظرًا لأن هذا النهج كان فعالًا للغاية من حيث التكلفة وتوفير الوقت اللازم لطبيب العيون، فقد كان فعالاً من حيث الوقت، قادراً على اكتشاف إعتام عدسة العين بشكل أسرع ودقيق مع عدد أقل من المعاملات المستخدمة في الشبكة وطاقة كمبيوتر أقل. كذلك في صور قاع الشبكية، فإن الطريقة المقترحة قادرة على اكتشاف مراحل الساد. وتم الكشف عن مراحل إعتام عدسة العين (خفيفة، معتدلة، وشديدة) بواسطة نظام DCNNs المقترح.      Among the many diseases that affect the retina, a cataract. It is one of the most serious pharmacological public health issues in developing nations, it can develop without causing any symptoms. It is one of the prime reasons for blindness or blurred vision for senior citizens. Therefore, accurate and early detection of cataracts depending on the severity of the condition is required to preserve vision and prevent the global increase in blindness caused by cataracts. As with most of the diseases related to the eyes, treatments, and early diagnosis have been shown to prevent visual loss and blindness. Compared with the manual diagnostic methods, automated retinal analysis systems help save patients' time, vision and cost. Artificial intelligence-based cataract detection methods have gained a lot of attention in the scientific community. This research produces an efficient and robust method for the automatic diagnosis of cataract by using Convolution Neural Network (CNN) for detection and classification cataract grading automatically in fundus images. It used Adam optimizer and (ODIR) dataset to train the model. The suggested method beats state-of-the-art cataract detection systems with an average accuracy of 100 % for two classes (Normal, Cataract) ,96.9% for four classes (Normal, Mild, Moderate, Sever) according to experimental results.  Materials and Methods: Used Convolution Neural Network for detection and classification cataract grading automatically in fundus images.  Results: The suggested method beats state-of-the-art cataract detection systems with an average accuracy of 100 %  for two classes (Normal, Cataract) ,96.9% for four classes (Normal, Mild, Moderate, Sever) according to experimental results. Conclusion: The proposed network looked at different layers, activation functions, loss functions, and optimization algorithms in order to reduce computing costs while maintaining model accuracy. The proposed system used multi-image augmentation methods, then implemented the system on these augmented images to decrease the issue of overfitting and to improve the efficiency of the suggested system, as best accuracy obtained for classification 96.9 percent was get for fundus images which augmented of ODIR dataset, but only 94 percent when the system was applied to the original fundus images. When compared to other similar works, this system performed admirably. Because this approach was extremely cost- effective, accurate, and ophthalmologists, time-efficient were able to detect cataract more quickly and accuracy with fewer parameters and less computer power.  In retinal fundus images, the suggested approach is able to detect cataract phases. The detection of cataract stages (mild, moderate, and severe) will be done by the DCNNs system

Inflammatory cytokines and atrial fibrillation: current and prospective views

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and a challenging clinical problem encountered in daily clinical practice. There is an increasing body of evidence linking inflammation to a broad spectrum of cardiovascular conditions including AF. Historical evidence supports an association between AF and inflammation and is consistent with the association of AF with inflammatory conditions of the heart, such as myocarditis and pericarditis. AF has been associated with myocardial oxidative stress, and antioxidant agents have demonstrated antiarrhythmic benefit in humans. Increased plasma interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and plasma viscosity support the existence of an inflammatory state among “typical” populations with chronic AF. These indexes of inflammation are related to the prothrombotic state and may be linked to the clinical characteristics of the patients (underlying vascular disease and comorbidities), rather than simply to the presence of AF itself. It has been suggested that inflammation may have a role in the development of atrial arrhythmias after cardiac surgery, and that a genetic predisposition to develop postoperative complications exists. Cytokines can have a prognostic significance; IL-6 levels, CRP, and other cytokines may have prognostic value in AF. Cytokine lowering therapies, statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and other anti-inflammatory agents may have a role in the treatment of AF. The present article provides an overview of the evidence linking inflammatory cytokines to AF and their therapeutic and prognostic implications

Using Autoclave Furnace to Improve Properties of Mixing an Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Waste with Window Glass Waste

إن كتل الخرسانة الخلوية أو ما يسمى بالثرمستون أصبح له استخدامات كثيرة في السنوات الأخيرة في عمليات البناء والإنشاءات والتقطيع في الدور و العمارات نظرا لتميزه بمواصفات مثل العزل الحراري الخاص للاستخدام في البنايات من الداخل والخارج, خفة وزنه و كبر حجم المقاطع المستخدمة. ومع ذلك فان له مقاومة انضغاط قليلة ومسامية قليلة عند استخدامه. في هذا البحث تركزت الدراسة العملية على خلط مسحوق الخرسانة الخلوية مع نسب مختلفة من الزجاج المتبقي حيث تم دراسة تأثير هذه النسب من الزجاج على خواص الثرمستون والتي تشمل الخواص الفيزيائية (الكثافة, الامتصاصية, المسامية) , الخواص الميكانيكية (مقاومة الانضغاط, الصلادة), والخواص الحرارية (التوصيلية الحرارية, الصدمة الحرارية). الكثافة تزداد الى (1583 كغم/م3), والامتصاصية تنخفض الى (  23.44 %)  والمسامية ايضا تنخفض الى (% 39.8) عند نسبة  وزنية (30)% من الزجاج المضاف. ايضا مقاومة الانضغاط تزداد الى (26.27 نيوتن/ملم2) والصلادة تتحسن الى (.13.88) عند نسبة وزنية من  الزجاج المضاف  (30  )% . وأخيرا التوصيلية الحرارية تبين تحسن جيد (0.5311 واط/ م. م◦) عند نفس النسبة من الزجاج المضاف, في حين ان الصدمة الحرارية تبين نتائج جيدة عند الاضافات (10, 20, 30) % عند درجة حرارة (250 م◦) لكن حصل الفشل عند درجة حرارة (350 م◦) لنفس الفترة الزمنية.Autoclaved aerated concrete (ACC) or thermostone is now becoming increasingly used in constructions, building and partition works due to its  properties such as a highly thermal insulating concrete-based material used for both internal and external construction, light weight and large size. However,  its low compressive strength and high porosity affected its use. In this research the experimental part focused on mixing an autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) in the form of powder with different ratios of window glass wastes powder, then study the influence of these additives onto properties of thermostone in  terms of physical (absorption, porosity, density), mechanical (compressive and hardness), and thermal properties (thermal conductivity and thermal shock). The bulk density increased to about (1562Kg/m3), porosity and water absorption have been decreased to about (39.8 %, , 23.44%) respectively with the addition ratio (30) %  by weight. of glass. Also the compressive strength has been getting good result (26.27 N/mm2) and hardness, improved (13.88) at the percentage of waste glass (30) % by weight compared to the sample with no-additive. Finally, thermal conductivity with the result (0.5311 watt/m.◦c) at the same percentage of waste glass, while thermal shock showed well result with the additives (10, 20, 30) % by weight at temperature 250 ◦C for 1 h, but failed at temperature of 350 ◦C for the same time.&nbsp

Sphingomyelin, Plasminogen, and Docosahexaenoic in Sera of Autism Spectrum Disorder Children

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), more commonly referred to as autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is pervasive, highly heritable, and extremely variable. It is characterized by underlying cognitive features that frequently co-occur with other conditions. Since ASD is a multifactor disease, genetics, and environmental factors can play crucial roles in its progression. However, very few biological parameters can be used as a prediction for ASD which can help in diagnosis and starting the treatment early. Given the rapidly increasing prevalence of ASD, there is an urgent need to identify related diagnostic biomarkers.  This study aims to investigate the association between some blood parameters that can be used to predict ASD and classify the severity, which were the main aims of the current inquiry.Method: A case-control study was conducted on children with ASD, 37 Kids with ASD participated in the current investigation and 46 kids as the control group, their ages were between 3-12 years. Children with ASD were divided into two subgroups depending on the severity of ASD using the Gilliam scale. Competitive and sandwich ELISA were used to measure the biochemical markers of this study.Result: After blood samples were collected three parameters were measured (sphingomyelin, plasminogen, and docosahexaenoic acid). In medium ASD cases, the results display that there is a significant increase in all parameters (sphingomyelin, plasminogen, and docosahexaenoic acid) respectively [(OR:4.691, CI:1.289~17.068, p=0.014), (OR:7.5, CI:1.844~30.509, p=0.001), (OR:5.156, CI:1.412~18.831, p=0.001)]. On other hand, in under medium cases of ASD, there is a significant decrease in Sphingomyelin levels (OR:0.97, CI:0.356~0.836, p=0.001), plasminogen (OR: 0.5, CI: 0.169~0.560, p=0.05), and docosahexaenoic (OR: 0.22, CI: 0.63~1.771, p=0.003) when compared with the control group.Conclusion: In sum, our results showed that these noninvasive parameters can be used as biomarkers for ASD diagnosis and disease propagation. More research needs to be done to cover other pathophysiology parameters with genetics analysis for ASD that can be used as prediction biomarkers.Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Sphingomyelin; Plasminogen; Docosahexaenoic acid

Spectral analysis and anti-bacterial activity of methanolic fruit extract of Citrullus colocynthis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Phytochemicals are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Thirty three bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of C. colocynthis revealed the existence of the methyl 6-oxoheptanoate, hexanoic acid, 2-isopropyl-2-methyl- 5-oxo-, methyl ester, dodecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy, benzofuran,2,3-dihydro, 1,1-Cyclopropanedimethanol, 2-methyl-α-phenyl, 1,1-cyclopropanedimethanol, 2-methyl-α-phenyl, 12,15-octadecadiynoic acid, methyl ester, (5ß)pregnane-3,20ß-diol, 14α,18α-[4-methyl-3-oxo-(1-oxa-4-azabutan, 3-(N,Ndimethyllaurylammonio) propanesulfonate, 2H-1-benzopyran-3,4-diol,2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)- 3,4dihydro-6-met, 11,13-dihydroxy-tetradec-5-ynoic acid, methyl ester, Cyclopenta[1,3]cyclopropa[1,2]cycloheptan-3(3aH)-one,1,2,3b,6,7, 4-(2,4,4-trimethyl-cyclohexa-1,5- dienyl)-but-3-en-2-one, 1-tetradecanamine,N,N-dimethyl, α-D-glucopyranoside, O-α-D-glucopyranosyl- (1,fwdarw.3)-ß-D-fructo, acetamide, N-methyl-N-[4-(3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-2-butynyl]-, 9- octadecenamide,(z)-, butyrophenone,2´,3,4´,6´-tetramethyl-, ethyl 5,8,11,14,-eicosatetraenoate, 9,12,15- octadecatrienoic acid, 2,3,-dihydroxypropyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)-, 1H-cyclopropa[3,4]benz[1,2-e]ezulene - 5,7b,9,9a 476.241018tetrol,1a,1b,4,4a, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 9,10-Secocholesta -5,7,10(19)- triene-3,24,25,-triol,(3ß,5Z,7E)-, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid,2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)-, triazido-(1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-2,4-dienyl)-german, ethyl iso-allocholate, α-N-Normethadol, Octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, phthalic acid , decyl oct-3-yl ester, 1,2- Benzenedicarboxylic acid , bis(8-methylnonyl)ester, phthalic acid, di(6-ethyl-3-octyl)ester, y-tocopherol, 1,4-ethanonaphthalene -6,9(4H)-dione,1,4a,5,8a-tetrahydro-4,5,7,10 and vitamin E. Methanolic extract of bioactive compounds of C. colocynthis was assayed for in vitro antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, P. mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia by using the diffusion method in agar. The zone of inhibition was compared with different standard antibiotics. The diameters of inhibition zones ranged from 4.91±0.260 to 1.03±0.200 mm for all treatments.Key words: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, phytochemicals, Citrullus colocynthis

Spectroscopic Studies and Thermal Analysis of New Azo Dyes Ligands and their Complexes with some Transition of Metal Ions

New Azo ligands HL1 [2-Hydroxy-3-((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)-1-naphth aldehyde] and HL2 [3-((1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde] have been synthesized from reaction (2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) and (5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol) for HL1 and (4-amino-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one) for HL2. Then, its metal ions complexes are synthesized with the general formula; [CrHL1Cl3(H2O)], [VOHL1(SO4)] [ML1Cl(H2O)] where M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), and general formula; [Cr(L2)2 ]Cl and [M(L2)2] where M = VO(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) are reported. The ligands and their metal complexes are characterized by phisco- chemical spectroscopic techniques (FT.IR, Mass, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C-NMR, TGA, (C.H.N.), molar conductivity, Atomic Absorbance, Chloride containing magnetic susceptibility). The spectral data suggest that the (HL1) behaves as a bidentate ligand in all complexes, whereas (HL2) behaves as a tridentate ligand for all complexes; bidentate ligand in Vanadium complex is coordinated with the metal ions through azo nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Theoretical studies of these ligands and their metal complexes in gas phase using Hyper chem.8. Studies of these compounds are prepared for their bacterial activit

Strongly Coretractable Modules and Some Related Concepts

Let R be a ring with identity and M be an R-module with unite. The module M is called strongly coretractable module if for each proper submodule N of M, there exists a nonzero R-homomorphism f:M/N→M such that Imf+N=M. In this paper, we investigate some relationships between strongly coretractable module and other related concepts

Employing Modern Teaching Strategies and Their Practices in the Light of Teaching Quality Standards of the Faculty Members at College of Science and Arts in Shroura

The present study aimed at knowing the modern teaching strategies used in the College of Science and Arts in Shroura Governorate; and identifying the right practices of selecting and implementing  those strategies. It also aimed at investigating  the extent of the faculty members adherence to those practices.  To achieve that aim, a questionnaire was prepared and administered on 64 faculty members (33 females and 31 males). The sample of the students consisted of 161. (64 males and 97 females). The results showed that many of modern teaching strategies are employed and there is a good amount of quality in using the proper teaching strategies with different degrees. The range of employing modern strategies was high and moderate respectively. The sample stated that the faculty  members use the traditional strategies (Lectures, dialogue and discussion) with high degree. Statistically significant differences were found between faculty  members and students in using modern teaching strategies and in the quality of using modern strategies and practices of teaching. Keywords: teaching strategies, quality standards, teaching practices, faculty members

The Issues in Which Sibawayh Made a Mistake in the Book ``Ea'arab of the Qur'an'' for An-Nahas/A Grammar Study

This study sheds light on the issues in which Sibawayh made a mistake in the book ``Ea'arab of the Qur'an'' for An-Nahas, a grammatical study, where I enumerated these issues and edited them by presenting and discussing the evidence and then concluded them with the opinion of the researchers, with a clear statement of misleading. All this stems from justice and truth, far from fanaticism or inclination toward one scholar without another. The research was divided into an introduction and a preface that included a brief translation of Mark Al-Nahas and a definition of confusion both linguistically and idiomatically, then the issues that Al-Nahas made mistakes in Sibawayh and the issues in which other scholars were mistakenly transferred to Sibawayh. Finally, a conclusion that included the most important results extracted from the research and a list of the most essential approved sources. Keywords: Al-Nahas, Sibawayh, mistake, mubrad, Basroun, Kufi