430 research outputs found
Acquisition of high-quality three-dimensional electron diffuse scattering data
The diffraction patterns of crystalline materials with local order contain
sharp Bragg reflections as well as highly structured diffuse scattering. The
instrumental requirements, experimental parameters and data processing
techniques for obtaining high-quality diffuse scattering data have previously
been determined for X-ray and neutron diffraction, but not yet for electron
diffraction. In this study, we show that the spatial resolution of the diffuse
scattering in three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) data depends on
various effects, including the convergence of the electron beam, the point
spread function of the detector and the crystal mosaicity. In contrast to
single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the detector point spread function for 3D ED
is broader for a hybrid pixel detector than for a CCD. In our study, we also
compare the diffuse scattering in 3D ED data with the diffuse scattering in
single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and show that the diffuse scattering in
3D ED data can be obtained with a quality comparable to that from
single-crystal X-ray diffraction. As electron diffraction requires much smaller
crystal sizes than X-ray diffraction, this opens up the possibility to
investigate the local structure of many technologically relevant materials for
which no crystals large enough for single-crystal X-ray diffraction are
available
\require{mhchem}Misfit phase \ce{(BiSe)_{1.10}NbSe2} as the origin of superconductivity in nobium-doped bismuth selenide
\require{mhchem}Topological superconductivity is of great contemporary
interest and has been proposed in doped \ce{Bi2Se3} in which
electron-donating atoms such as Cu, Sr or Nb have been intercalated into the
\ce{Bi2Se3} structure. For \ce{Nb_{x}Bi2Se3}, with , it is assumed in the literature that Nb is inserted in the van
der Waals gap. However, in this work an alternative origin for the
superconductivity in Nb-doped \ce{Bi2Se3} is established. In contrast to
previous reports, it is deduced that Nb intercalation in \ce{Bi2Se3} does not
take place. Instead, the superconducting behaviour in samples of nominal
composition \ce{Nb_{x}Bi2Se3} results from the \ce{(BiSe)_{1.10}NbSe2}
misfit phase that is present in the sample as an impurity phase for small
() and as a main phase for large (). The
structure of this misfit phase is studied in detail using a combination of
X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques
Spin ladder compound Pb(0.55)Cd(0.45)V(2)O(5): synthesis and investigation
The complex oxide Pb(0.55)Cd(0.45)V(2)O(5) was synthesized and investigated
by means of X-ray powder diffraction, electron diffraction, magnetic
susceptibility measurements and band structure calculations. Its structure is
similar to that of MV(2)O(5) compounds (M = Na, Ca) giving rise to a spin
system of coupled S=1/2 two-leg ladders. Magnetic susceptibility measurements
reveal a spin gap-like behavior with \Delta ~ 270 K and a spin singlet ground
state. Band structure calculations suggest Pb(0.55)Cd(0.45)V(2)O(5) to be a
system of weakly coupled dimers in perfect agreement with the experimental
data. Pb(0.55)Cd(0.45)V(2)O(5) provides an example of the modification of the
spin system in layered vanadium oxides by cation substitution. Simple
correlations between the cation size, geometrical parameters and exchange
integrals for the MV(2)O(5)-type oxides are established and discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Competition between Anion-Deficient Oxide and Oxyhydride Phases during the Topochemical Reduction of LaSrCoRuO 6
Binary metal hydrides can act as low-temperature reducing agents for complex oxides in the solid state, facilitating the synthesis of anion-deficient oxide or oxyhydride phases. The reaction of LaSrCoRuO6, with CaH2 in a sealed tube yields the face-centered cubic phase LaSrCoRuO3.2H1.9. The reaction with LiH under similar conditions converts LaSrCoRuO6 to a mixture of tetragonal LaSrCoRuO4.8H1.2 and cubic LaSrCoRuO3.3H2.13. The formation of the LaSrCoRuO x H y oxyhydride phases proceeds directly from the parent oxide, with no evidence for anion-deficient LaSrCoRuO6–x intermediates, in contrast with many other topochemically synthesized transition-metal oxyhydrides. However, the reaction between LaSrCoRuO6 and LiH under flowing argon yields a mixture of LaSrCoRuO5 and the infinite layer phase LaSrCoRuO4. The change to all-oxide products when reactions are performed under flowing argon is attributed to the lower hydrogen partial pressure under these conditions. The implications for the reaction mechanism of these topochemical transformations is discussed along with the role of the hydrogen partial pressure in oxyhydride synthesis. Magnetization measurements indicate the LaSrCoRuO x H y phases exhibit local moments on Co and Ru centers, which are coupled antiferromagnetically. In contrast, LaSrCoRuO4 exhibits ferromagnetic behavior with a Curie temperature above 350 K, which can be rationalized on the basis of superexchange coupling between the Co1+ and Ru2+ centers
Energy transfer in Eu3+ doped scheelites : use as thermographic phosphor
In this paper the luminescence of the scheelite-based CaGd2(1-x)Eu2x(WO4)4 solid solutions is investigated as a function of the Eu content and temperature. All phosphors show intense red luminescence due to the 5D0 – 7F2 transition in Eu3+, along with other transitions from the 5D1 and 5D0 excited states. For high Eu3+ concentrations the intensity ratio of the emission originating from the 5D1 and 5D0 levels has a non-conventional temperature dependence, which could be explained by a phonon-assisted cross-relaxation process. It is demonstrated that this intensity ratio can be used as a measure of temperature with high spatial resolution, allowing the use of these scheelites as thermographic phosphor. The main disadvantage of many thermographic phosphors, a decreasing signal for increasing temperature, is absent
- …