Bouveret\u27s Syndrome: Literature Review.

It was in 1896 that Bouveret\u27s syndrome acquired its name after the French physician Leon Bouveret, who published two case reports in Revue de Medecin. Bouveret\u27s syndrome describes gastric outlet obstruction secondary to an impacted gallstone. The gallstone reaches the small bowel through a bilioenteric fistula as a consequence of chronic inflammation and adherence between the biliary system and the bowels which increase the intraluminal pressure and leads to secondary wall ischemia and wall perforation with gallstone passage into the bowel. Bouveret\u27s syndrome\u27s prevalence is highest among elderly women. Despite the rarity of Bouveret\u27s syndrome, it can cause notable morbidity and mortality rates. We underwent a review of literature about Bouveret syndrome to increase awareness of its occurrence and potentially life-threatening complications

First measurements of the flux integral with the NIST-4 watt balance

In early 2014, construction of a new watt balance, named NIST-4, has started at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). In a watt balance, the gravitational force of an unknown mass is compensated by an electromagnetic force produced by a coil in a magnet system. The electromagnetic force depends on the current in the coil and the magnetic flux integral. Most watt balances feature an additional calibration mode, referred to as velocity mode, which allows one to measure the magnetic flux integral to high precision. In this article we describe first measurements of the flux integral in the new watt balance. We introduce measurement and data analysis techniques to assess the quality of the measurements and the adverse effects of vibrations on the instrument.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. This Journal can be found online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=1

Injection of photoelectrons into dense argon gas

The injection of photoelectrons in a gaseous or liquid sample is a widespread technique to produce a cold plasma in a weakly--ionized system in order to study the transport properties of electrons in a dense gas or liquid. We report here the experimental results of photoelectron injection into dense argon gas at the temperatureT=142.6 K as a function of the externally applied electric field and gas density. We show that the experimental data can be interpreted in terms of the so called Young-Bradbury model only if multiple scattering effects due to the dense environment are taken into account when computing the scattering properties and the energetics of the electrons.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, figure nr. 10 has been redrawn, to be submitted to Plasma Sources Science and Technolog

Isotopic Production Cross Sections in Proton-Nucleus Collisions at 200 MeV

Intermediate mass fragments (IMF) from the interaction of $^{27}$Al, $^{59}$Co and $^{197}$Au with 200 MeV protons were measured in an angular range from 20 degree to 120 degree in the laboratory system. The fragments, ranging from isotopes of helium up to isotopes of carbon, were isotopically resolved. Double differential cross sections, energy differential cross sections and total cross sections were extracted.Comment: accepted by Phys. Rev.

NMR Imaging of the honeybee brain

NMR microscopy provides non-invasively distinct soft-tissue contrast in small biological samples. We were able to visualize the three-dimensional structure of the honeybee brain in its natural shape in the intact head capsule. Thus, in addition to acquiring detailed information about the shapes and volumes of the different brain compartments, we were able to show their relative orientations toward each other within the head capsule. Since the brain was lightly fixed but not dehydrated, and stayed attached to the head capsule and its internal structures, the NMR experiments exhibited larger volumes and a more natural stereo geometry of the various brain structures compared to confocal laser microscopy experiments on dissected, dehydrated and cleared brains. Abbreviation: / CLM: confocal laser microscopy NMR: nuclear magnetic resonanc

Aspectos epidemiológicos da caprinocultura cearense.

0 desenvolvimento da caprinocultura na regiao Nordeste do Brasil é severamente afetado por inúmeros fatores, entre eles a alta incidência de doenças. Objetivou-se conhecer o atual manejo sanitário empregado e os problemas sanitarios existentes na opiniao do criador do Ceara. 0 trabalho foi realizado nas varias regiôes criadoras de caprinos de raças leiteiras, nativas ou sem raça definida. Foram selecionadas 127 propriedades onde se aplicou um questionario. A percentagem média de mortalidade de animais foi de 22,8% e 4,6% em jovens e adultos, respectivamente. Os sinais clinicos relatados, por ordem, foram: anemia e edema de barbela (81,9% dos criatórios), diarréia (78,7%), aborto (75,6%), pododermatite (67,7%), linfadenite (66,9%), ectoparasitoses (63,8%), mamite (51,2%), pneumonia (44,9%), lesões vesiculares de pele (35,4%), ceratoconjuntivite (29,1%), problemas de ordem nervosa (26,8%), malformaçao fetal (15%), criptorquidismo (11%), prolapso de vagina/utero (11%) e artrite (8,7%). Pode-se concluir que o manejo sanitario dos caprinos desses criatórios é precario, independente do tipo de exploraçao ou regime de criaçao, a mortalidade de animais, principalmente de jovens, é considerada alta. Mesmo em criatórios com exploraçao leiteira não existe uma preocupaçao rigorosa com higiene e qualidade do leite. Epidemiological aspects of the raising goat in Ceará State, Brazil. ABSTRACT - The development of the goat raising in the Northeastern region of Brazil is hardly affected by several factors, among them, the high incidence of illness. The aim of this study was to assess the adopted sanitary management and the healthy problems according to Ceara?s goat breeders. The work was carried out in many regions of dairy and native goat raising. There were selected 127 properties where a questionnaire was applied. Mean percentage of animals? mortality was 22.8 and 4.6% for young and adult, respectively. Reported clinical signs were: anemia and dewlap edema (81.9% of the properties), diarrhea (78.7%), abortion (75.6%), foot rot (67.7%), lymphadenitis (66.9%), external parasites (63.8%), mastitis (51.2%), pneumonia (44.9%), goat pox (35.4%), keratoconjunctivitis (29.1%), nervous disorders (26.8%), fetal malformation (15%), cryptorchidism (11%), uterus/vagina prolapsed (11%), arthritis (8.7%), foot and mouth disease (2.4%) and rabies (0.8%). It could be concluded that the goats? sanitary management of those properties is precarious, independently either the exploitation way or the raising regimen; the animals? mortality, especially the youngest ones, is considered high; and even in dairy properties there is a lack of rigid worry concerning about hygiene and milk quality

Brown· Midrib Sorghum Silage for Midlactation Dairy Cows

Brown midrib sorghum silage was compared with alfalfa, corn, and normal sorghum silages for its effect on performance, ruminal metabolism, and digestive kinetics of Holstein dairy cows in midlactation. Twelve cows averaging 90 ± 5 DIM were assigned to one of four diets in replicated 4 X 4 Latin squares with 4-wk periods. Additionally, 3 ruminally fistulated cows (95 ± 20 DIM) were assigned to the same diets in a 3x 4 Youden square for measurement of ruminal characteristics. Diets were fed as isonitrogenous TMR that contained 65% silage (OM basis). The DMl was greater for the corn and brown midrib sorghum (4% of BW/d) than for the alfalfa and normal sorghum diets (3.4% of BW/d). The brown midrib sorghum supported FCM production that was similar to that of cows on corn and alfalfa diets (25.8 kg/d), but cows fed normal sorghum produced less milk and fewer milk components. Source of silage had no effect on eating time, but rumination was least for the alfalfa.diet.. Ruminal pH and ammonia concentrations were similar for all diets. Total VFA concentrations were greatest for the corn and brown midrib sorghum diets. The brown midrib sorghum had greater in situ extent of ruminal NDF digestion than did the normal sorghum, which agreed with in vitro data. The brown midrib sorghum used in this experiment supported FCM production similar to the corn and alfalfa silages commonly fed to dairy cows in midlactation