XSEDE Resource Allocation Committee (XRAC) Reviewer Manual

Contains the essential policies, processes, context related to serving on the XSEDE Resource Allocation Committee (XRAC), and code of conduct. This manual is intended to help members of the XRAC understand their role within XSEDE and within the broader allocation process, as well as help the user community understand how the XRAC functions.National Science Foundation OCI-1053575Ope

XSEDE Resource Allocation Committee (XRAC) Reviewer Manual

Contains the essential policies, processes, and context related to serving on the XSEDE Resource Allocation Committee (XRAC). This manual is intended to help members of the XRAC understand their role within XSEDE and within the broader allocation process, as well as help the user community understand how the XRAC functions.National Science Foundation OCI-1053575Ope

XSEDE Allocations Practices and Procedures V 1.0

This document covers the tasks and activities required to administer the XSEDE allocations process. The document focuses on the tasks and efforts required by XSEDE staff to translate, interpret and implement the XSEDE allocation policies and provide researchers with allocations on resources that will help them accomplish their science objectives. The goal for the XSEDE allocations process can be summarized as ensuring that the cyberinfrastructure portfolio is used as efficiently as possible to produce the best science outcomes. This documents the current procedures XSEDE uses in pursuit of that goal.National Science Foundation OCI-1053575Ope

Messaging About Very Low Nicotine Cigarettes (VLNCs) to Influence Policy Attitudes, Harm Perceptions and Smoking Motivations: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Background To reduce smoking and the harms it causes, countries, including the USA, are considering policies to reduce nicotine in combustible tobacco to minimally addictive levels. Effective messages about very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) and this policy are crucial in combating misperceptions threatening the policy’s effectiveness. Data and methods A discrete choice experiment assessed messages about VLNCs. Participants were 590 adults who smoked exclusively, 379 adults who both smoked and used e-cigarettes, 443 adults who formerly smoked and 351 young adults who never smoked (total n=1763). Seven message attributes were varied systematically (source, harm, chemicals, nicotine, satisfaction, addictiveness and quitting efficacy). Outcomes were selection of messages that generated the most positive attitude towards reduced nicotine policy, the greatest perceived harmfulness of VLNCs, and most strongly motivated quitting and initiating behaviour for VLNCs. Results Information about specific harms and chemicals of VLNCs had the largest effects on selection of messages as eliciting more negative attitudes towards VLNCs policy, increasing perceived VLNC harmfulness, increasing motivation to quit VLNCs and decreasing motivation to try VLNCs. Messages with information about quitting efficacy were selected as more motivating to quit among those who smoke, but also more motivating to try VLNCs among those who do not smoke. Conclusion Harm and chemical information can be prioritised to ensure VLNCs are not misperceived as less harmful than regular cigarettes. Messages about increased quitting efficacy and reduced addictiveness associated with VLNCs may backfire if presented to those who do not smoke

Uneven Development of the Sustainable City: Shifting Capital in Portland, Oregon

Portland, Oregon is renowned as a paradigmatic sustainable city . Yet, despite popular conceptions of the city as a progressive ecotopia and the accolades of planners seeking to emulate its innovations, Portland’s sustainability successes are inequitably distributed. Drawing on census data, popular media, newspaper archives, city planning documents, and secondary-source histories, we attempt to elucidate the structural origins of Portland’s uneven development , exploring how and why the urban core of this paragon of sustainability has become more White and affluent while its outer eastside has become more diverse and poor. We explain how a sustainability fix – in this case, green investment in the city’s core – ultimately contributed to the demarcation of racialized poverty along 82nd Avenue, a major north-south arterial marking the boundary of East Portland. Our account of structural processes taking place at multiple scales contributes to a growing body of literature on eco-gentrification and displacement and inner-ring suburban change while empirically demonstrating how Portland’s advances in sustainability have come at the cost of East Portland’s devaluation. Our 30,000 foot perspective reveals systemic patterns that might then guide more fine-grained analyses of particular political-socio-cultural processes, while providing cautionary insights into current efforts to extend the city’s sustainability initiatives using the same green development model