Ocena częstości występowania bakteryjnej waginozy, infekcji Candida sp., infekcji mieszanej (bakteryjna waginoza + Candida sp.), Trichomonas vaginalis, Actinomyces sp. u tureckich kobiet z Ankary, Turcja

Objective: To determine of the prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis, Candida sp, mixed infections (Bacterial Vaginosis +Candida sp), Trichomonas Vaginalis, Actinomyces sp in Ankara, Turkey and analyze whether there is seasonal variation in these infectious agents. Methods: A retrospective study on the results of 23298 cervical cytology examinations of patients which were performed in Fatih University, Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Laboratory in Ankara, Turkey from January 2007 to July 2011. Patients were included in the study if a Pap smear was performed for any reason. Results: The prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis, Candida sp, mixed infections (Bacterial Vaginosis + Candida sp), Trichomonas Vaginalis, Actinomyces sp was 7.76%, 2.81%, 0.32%, 0.13%, and 0.27%, respectively. A seasonal variation was not observed in the prevalence of any of the infectious agents (p>0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that cervical cytology is well suited for diagnosis of cervical infections. Bacterial vaginosis appears to be the predominant cause of vaginitis.Cel pracy: Ocena częstości występowania bakteryjnej waginozy, infekcji Candida sp., infekcji mieszanej (bakteryjna waginoza + Candida sp.), Trichomonas vaginalis, Actinomyces sp. u tureckich kobiet z Ankary, Turcja i analiza możliwej sezonowości w tych czynnikach infekcyjnych. Metoda: Badanie retrospektywne przeprowadzono w oparciu o wyniki 23298 wymazów cytologicznych pacjentek zbadanych w Fatih University, Faculty of Medicine, Pathology Laboratory w Ankarze, w Turcji od stycznia 2007 do lipca 2011. Pacjentki były włączane do badania w każdym przypadku wykonanego badania cytologicznego. Wyniki: Częstość występowania bakteryjnej waginozy, infekcji Candida sp., infekcji mieszanej (bakteryjna waginoza + Candida sp.), Trichomonas vaginalis, Actinomyces sp. wynosiła 7,76%, 2,81%, 0,32%, 0,13% i 0,27%, odpowiednio. Nie obserwowano sezonowej zmienności w odniesieniu do żadnego z analizowanych czynników infekcyjnych (

Microwave-assisted and conventional synthesis of novel antimicrobial 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing nalidixic acid skeleton

Carbothioamides 4a,b, obtained from nalidixic acid, were converted to the corresponding 1,3-thiazolidine derivatives 5a,b by cyclocondensation with 2-bromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone. Treatment of 4a,b with base afforded 1,2,4-triazoles 6a,b. The synthesis of 1,3-oxazolidine 7 was performed by the reaction of compound 4a with ethyl bromoacetate. Treatment of 4a with acid produced 1,3,4-thiadiazole 8. The reaction of compounds 6a and 6b with several heterocyclic amines in the presence of formaldehyde gave the corresponding Mannich bases 9–15 containing various pharmacophore groups. Conventional and microwave-assisted methods were used for the synthesis. The effect of an acid catalyst on Mannich reactions was investigated. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, EIMS techniques, and elemental analysis. All compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity

Microwave-assisted synthesis of some hybrid molecules derived from morpholine and investigation of their antimicrobial activities

2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-one compound was obtained starting from 4-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)morpholine via several steps. Then, these compounds were converted to the corresponding fluoroquinolone hybrids via one pot three component Mannich reaction. Moreover, the synthesis of eleven compounds, which can be considered as conazole analogues, was performed starting from 1,2,4-triazole-3-one compounds via three steps by either conventional or microwave mediated conditions. The effect of different solvents and microwave power on microwave prompted reactions was examined as well

HAVACILIKTA KULLANILAN BAZI SÜPERALAŞIMLARIN YÜKSEK SICAKLIK GAZ OKSİTLENME DAVRANIŞLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Havacılıkta yüksek sıcaklık bölgelerinde kullanılan malzemeler, korozyona dirençli ve yüksek mukavemet değerlerine sahip olmalıdırlar. Sektörden temin edilen ısıl işlem görmüş Ni esaslı süperalaşımları (Hastelloy X, Inconel 718 ve Inconel 738) öncelikle metalografik olarak hazırlandıktan sonra optik mikroskopta mikroyapıları görüntülenmiştir. Daha sonra oksitlenme deneyi için uygun boyuta getirilen numunelere 600 ve 900 °C sıcaklıklarında termogravimetrik analiz (TGA) cihazı ile 48 saat havada oksitlenme işlemi uygulanmıştır. Oksitlenen numunelerin yüzeylerinde oluşan oksit tabakaları tarayıcı elektron mikroskobu (SEM/ EDS) ile görüntülenmiş ve elementel analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arrhenius eşitliği kullanılarak difüzyon kat sayıları hesaplanmış ve oksijen difüzyon kinetiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın önemi bazı süperalaşımların oksitlenme kinetiklerinin ortaya çıkarılarak karşılaştırılması ve sektörün ihtiyacı olan kullanım açısından değerlendirme verilerine ulaşılmasını kolaylaştırmaktır

Predictive value of pathological and immunohistochemical parameters for axillary lymph node metastasis in breast carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background/Objective</p> <p>While several prognostic factors have been identified in breast carcinoma, the clinical outcome remains hard to predict for individual patients. Better predictive markers are needed to help guide difficult treatment decisions. Axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) is one of the most important prognostic determinants in breast carcinoma; however, the reasons why tumors vary in their capability to result in axillary metastasis remain unclear. Identifying breast carcinoma patients at risk for ALNM would improve treatment planning. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with ALNM in breast carcinoma, with particular emphasis on basal-like phenotype.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Breast carcinoma patients (n = 210) who underwent breast conserving surgery and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) (level I and II) or modified radical mastectomy were included in this study. Pathological and immunohistochemical data including individual receptor/gene status was collected for analysis. The basal phenotype status was ascertained using the basal cytokeratin markers CK5, CK14, CK17 and EGFR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>ALNM was found in 55% (n = 116) of the patients. On univariate analysis, multicentric disease, large tumor size (>2 cm), vascular and lymphatic invasion, epithelial hyperplasia, necrosis, in situ carcinoma and perineural invasion were associated with higher risk for ALNM, whereas CK5, CK14, EGFR positivity and basal-like tumor type were associated with lower risk. On multivariate analysis, CK5 positivity (OR 0.003, 95%CI 0.000-0.23, p = 0.009) and lymphatic/vascular invasion (OR 17.94, 95%CI 4.78-67.30, p < 0.001) were found to be independent predictors.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Although the value of complete ALND has been questioned in invasive breast cancer patients, treatment decisions for breast carcinoma have been influenced by many parameters, including lymph node status. Since histopathologic characteristics and expression of biological markers varies among the same histologic subtypes of breast carcinoma, specific clinical and histopathologic features of the primary tumor and ALN status like sentinel node might be used to tailor the loco-regional and systemic treatment in different clinical settings.</p

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels &gt;2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168

Yaşlılarda çoklu ilaç kullanımının değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Çoklu ilaç kullanımı, polifarmasi olarak ta adlandırılmaktadır. Hastanın aynı anda veya belli aralıklarla, çoğu zaman endikasyon olmadan birden fazla ilacı bir arada kullanmasıdır. Polifarmasi en sık, birden fazla kronik hastalığın bir arada görüldüğü yaşlı hastalarda gözlenmektedir. Yaşlı hastalarda polifarmasiye bağlı en önemli sorun ise ilaç uyuncunun sağlanamamasıdır. Çalışmamızda bir grup yaşlı hastada çoklu ilaç kullanımı sonrasında ilaç uyuncu değerlendirilmiştir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma 55 yaş üstü, 70 hasta ile yürütülmüştür. Hastalarla yüz yüze görüşülerek çoklu ilaç kullanımları değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: İlaç uyuncu ve eğitim düzeyi arasında bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Kadınların ilaçları doğru kullanım oranı, erkeklerden daha fazla bulunmuştur. Yaşlıların %19'unun alternatif tedavileri tercih ettikleri, geleneksel ve alternatif tedaviyi birlikte uygulayanların ise %22.9 olduğu bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların % 1.4'ünün hekim önerisi dışında ilaç kullandığı bulunmuştur.Sonuç: Yaşlanma süreci, tüm organ sistemlerini etkileyen yapısal ve fonksiyonel değişikliklerle karakterize, homeostatik kapasitenin azalmasına neden olan bir süreçtir. Vücut kompozisyonundaki değişiklikler, hepatik ve böbrek fonksiyonlarını etkileyerek yağda çözünen ilaçların dağılım hacminde artış ve suda çözünen ilaçların klerensinde azalmayla sonuçlanmaktadır. İlaçların plazma yarılanma ömrü genel olarak artmaktadır. Yaşlanmaya bağlı farmakokinetik ve farmakodinamik değişikliklerin terapötik rejimler üzerindeki etkisini iyi anlamak, tedavi etkinliğini artıracaktı

Synthesis of Novel Antipyrine Derivatives Possessing Remarkable Antimicrobial Activities

WOS: 000498981700012In this study, new triazole, thiazole, oxazole and Mannich bases were synthesized starting from antipyrine. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities against some test microorganisms and among them most of them show very good antituberculosis activity beside gram positive and gram negative bacteria. the structures of all synthesized compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR.Scientific research project of Karadeniz Technical University (KTU-BAP) [5289]This work was supported by the Scientific research project of Karadeniz Technical University (KTU-BAP) [grant numbers 5289]

Comparative study for the separation, preconcentration, and determination of copper and cadmium in real samples by using two different ligands

Two new solid phase extraction methods have been developed for simultaneous separation and precon-centration of Cu(II) and Cd(II) in some food and environmental samples before their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). One of these methods is based on the absorption of the Cu(II) and Cd(II) complexes with [3-(cyanomethyl)-5-(4-methylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ylicarbamate (L1) and the other is based on the absorption of the Cu(II) and Cd(II) complexes with 4-(4-methylphenyl)-5-{[pyridine-4-yl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio]methyl}-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (L2) on Amberlite XAD-1180 resin. The metal complexes are retained on resin at pH 6.0 and eluted with 1.0 mol L-1 HCl in acetone in both methods. After the optimum conditions were determined, the methods were applied to seawater, stream water, rice, lentil, tea, tobacco, bulgur, chickpea, wheat, red pepper, black pepper, peppermint, and dried eggplant samples in order to determine the levels of copper and cadmium