Jätehuollon kehittäminen : case: Kouvolan Asunnot Oy

Tämän opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli kehittää jätehuoltoa Kouvolan Asunnot Oy:llä. Kouvolan Asunnot Oy on vuokra-asuntoyhtiö, joka perustettiin vuonna 2010 usean vuokra-asuntoyrityksen yhdistyttyä. Yhdistymisen jälkeen jätehuoltoon ei ole paneuduttu. Jätehuollon toimivuutta selvitettiin tutkimalla jätetiloja sekä jätehuollon kustannuksia Kanta-Kouvolan alueella. Jätetilojen osalta selvitettiin toimivuus ja määräysten täyttyminen. Kustannuksia selvitettiin vanhojen laskujen avulla. Jätteiden keräyspisteissä ilmeni useita pahoja puutteita, jotka liittyivät astioiden merkintöihin ja kuntoon. Jätetilat eivät täyttäneet näiden puutteiden vuoksi alueellisia määräyksiä. Laskujen perusteella saatiin selville, että kustannuksia pystyttäisiin leikkaamaan jäteyhtiöitä kilpailuttamalla ja muuttamalla jäteastioiden tyhjennysvälejä. Kanta-Kouvolan alueen tulokset tuovat ilmi jätehuollon kehittämisen tarpeellisuuden, joten jätehuollon kartoitus jokaisella kiinteistöllä tulisi ehdottomasti tehdä. Näin saadaan jätepisteet täyttämään määräysten asettamat vaatimukset sekä kustannuksista leikattua ylimääräiset kulut pois.The objective of this thesis was to develop waste management in Kouvolan Asunnot Oy. Kouvolan Asunnot Oy is a rental house company which was founded in 2010 in as a merger of several rental house companies. The waste management has not been examined after the merger. The current state of waste management was surveyed by investigating all the waste collection points and waste management costs in the Kouvola city centre. The functioning of the waste collection points was studied. The costs of waste management were studied from the old accounts. The examinations highlighted several defects in the waste collection points as regards to the marking system and the condition of the waste collecting bins. It seemed that regional regulations had been neglected for ages. It appeared that the expenses of waste management could be reduced by inviting the collection firms to tender, and by improving the collection intervals. The results in the Kouvola city centre revealed the necessity to the development of waste management, and thus every property in the whole area should be studied. It enables the regional regulations in the waste collection points to be met, and reduces the extra costs of waste management

Russian Property Rights in Transition

Property rights are an important political and economic issue in Russia. A weak property rights system is a significant hindrance for economic growth and transition in Russia. This report aims at showing that the problems in creating a new property rights system are institutional. Formal rules are complicated and blurred, because of the lack of consensus in society. Informal institutions prevail and, in spite of the privatization of enterprises, the same elite as before benefits. The privatization of enterprises made managers the owners of former state enterprises and enabled them to keep things going in the same manner as before. The relations of the new economic elite with the governmental sector maintained monopolistic markets. Financial markets are still weak and because of the bank crisis of 1998, banks become bankrupt and the markets change into an even more monopolistic direction. The government can choose who stays in business. Restructuring has not occurred even in spite of the economic boom caused by oil prices and devaluation. It will take a long time before Russia gets rid of the virtual economy with artificial prices and barter trade. Transaction costs for legal trade are too high and keeps the gray market going as well. Land and natural resources are still mainly state property. The land reform, which started with agrarian reform, made land transferable. Enterprises can buy land and family farms are a legally available form of agricultural production. However, the agrarian reform did not transform the Russian countryside to become more productive. There is no proper infrastructure for family farms and the state supports joint stock companies, which are the former state or collective farms. There are regional differences depending on the interests and opinions of regional authorities. The obstacle for building a uniform system of land law is legislative chaos. In the absence of political consensus a new federal land code has not been passed. Regional legislation differs from region to region. There is still a battle going on between the regional and the federal levels on the ownership of natural resources. Even if reorganization is going on, the state management of natural resources has remained quite unchanged. Forest management is the best example of maintaining the old institutions in spite of the privatization of forest enterprises

Russian Enterprises and Company Law in Transition

Privatization and company law have been the most important instruments of transforming Russian enterprises. State enterprises have been privatized and modern company law governs how they function, but privatized companies have not changed their business culture. Privatization did not divide management and ownership and did not create efficient stock markets to monitor managers. Managers were able to keep their authoritarian methods inherited from socialist management and rent-seeking in the absence of control. Protection of minority shareholders does not function in practice, since managers can easily circumvent the rules. They can also ignore the rules of company law, which are not widely known and differ from earlier practices. There are already too many forms of companies in Russia. Only two forms of companies are mostly used; namely the joint stock company (open and closed) and the limited liability company. Difficulties already emerge with registration. Local authorities may apply their own rules. Corporate governance is not yet a big issue in Russian company law studies, which concentrate on the rules of forming and dissolving juristic persons. Bodies of companies are in principle modern. The board of directors is already powerful on the basis of the law for joint stock companies, but in practice it is even more powerful. The governance of limited liability companies has been arranged in a flexible way to make the running of a company as easy as possible for small enterprises. Russian company law also recognizes personal liability of managers or shareholders in some exceptional cases. Such rules have been adopted from European company laws and it remains to be seen how they are used in Russian circumstances. Russian enterprises still have a lot of social responsibilities to bear. The situation is quite different from Western company law, where stakeholder theory is being introduced. In Russia too heavy social responsibilities are an obstacle for restructuring and transforming into a profitable modern company. Environmental questions are widely ignored both because of old attitudes and new aspirations of profit and maintaining jobs

Development of Constitutionalism and Federalism in Russia

Building up a rule of law is one of the objectives of transition. This objective, however, cannot be separated from the other main objectives, namely a market economy and democracy. These have all been developed simultaneously in Russia and the failure of one task affects the others."Rebuilding a ship at sea" is an unavoidable vicious circle, but it is the only possible way of transition for Russia, even if it means constant failures and setbacks. The Constitution of the Russian Federation from 1993 technically contains all the bricks needed to build constitutionalism. The separation of powers between the state organs is established as well as a judicial body to guard the Constitution. Newly gained independence of the courts is an important prerequisite for developing the rule of law. There is, however, an institutional setup hindering this development. The political culture still has a long way to develop to the stage of constitutionalism. Authoritarian presidential power, which was the result of the hectic power struggle between the legislative and the executive after separation of powers, enabled an excessively powerful presidency to be the winner of the struggle. A weak party system and an underdeveloped civil society allow authoritarian rule of the president to go even further than the constitution permits. For the same reason corrupted politics can continue. The development of the rule of law has largely been left to the courts and lawyers. The Constitutional Court has, however, chosen a cautious attitude towards presidential power after having supported the legislative in the power struggle and being suspended by the President. If the balance between federal state organs is not yet found, the question of federalism is at an even more underdeveloped stage. Federalism is not developed in an open, transparent and democratic way, but in a power struggle between the center and the powers including fiscal federalism. The center has tried to regain the power, which was given to the regions during the power struggle at the federal center. This is done with the help of new federal laws increasing the powers of the federal center. The Presidential Administration has extended the federal executive power and the President has tried to change regionalist governors into "his own men". The Constitutional Court has repeatedly interpreted the Constitution in favor of the federal center. Decentralization has been developed through the back door with administrative treaties between the federation and different subjects of the federation. These treaties all differ from each other and usually contradict the federal constitution. They also contain secret provisions. These treaties have been a political necessity to prevent the federation from falling apart. In the hierarchy legal norms they are, however, submitted under the Constitution, which makes them vulnerable from the legal point of view

Rekrytointisuunnitelma kausiravintolalle

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli laatia rekrytointisuunnitelma sesonkiravintolalle ke-säksi 2018. Opinnäytetyön toimeksiantajana toimii helsinkiläinen ravintolalaiva Flying Dutch Oy. Ravintolalaiva Flying Dutch sijaitsee Helsingin keskustassa, Hakaniemen sekä Kaisa-niemen välillä. Tavoitteena oli luoda rekrytointisuunnitelma, jonka avulla yritykseen rekrytoi-daan optimaalisimmat työntekijät, ottaen huomioon työn sesonkiluonteisuuden. Opinnäyte-työni on produkti, jonka tuotoksena on konkreettinen suunnitelma PowerPoint-esityksen muodossa. Suunnitelmaa käytetään apuna keväällä 2018 Flying Dutch Oy:n rekrytoidessa työntekijöitä kesälle 2018. Tämän opinnäytetyön tietoperustassa paneudutaan rekrytoinnin eri osa-alueisiin ja rekrytointiprosessin kulkuun. Teoriaosuudessa kerrotaan rekrytoinnin perusteista sekä siihen liittyvistä lakipykälistä. Tämän jälkeen siirrytään kertomaan rekrytoinnista enemmän yrityskohtaisena prosessina avaamalla henkilöstöjohtamisen, rekrytoivan yrityksen vision, sekä työnantajakuvan tärkeyttä. Tämän jälkeen kerrotaan halutun henkilön profiilin luomisesta ja eri rekrytointistrategioista. Viimeisessä osiossa kerrotaan rekrytointiprosessin kulusta aina rekrytointitarpeen tunnistamisesta työntekijän palkkaamiseen, ja seurantaan sekä kehittämiseen saakka. Tietoperusta on rajattu koskemaan aiheita, jotka ovat oleellisia toimeksiantajayrityksen kannalta. Kirjallisuuden lisäksi tiedonhaussa käytettiin avuksi toimeksiantajan ja edelliskauden työntekijöiden kanssa käytyjä keskusteluita. Keskustelut toteutettiin vapaamuotoisina haastatteluina kasvotusten sekä puhelimitse. Itse rekrytointisuunnitelma pohjautuu tietoperustan sekä vapaamuotoisten haastatteluiden avulla kerättyihin tietoihin

“You understand now why they lost their minds and fought the wars” : comparing how William Shakespeare and Taylor Swift use figurative language when writing about love

This thesis studies and compares William Shakespeare’s sonnets with the song lyrics of the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The aim is to observe the differences and similarities in their use of figurative language, specifically metaphors and metonymies when referring to romantic love and relationships. The 400-year-gap between them alone means that the language, as it is constantly evolving, will be different and so will be the metaphors and metonymies. This study examines what kind of differences there are and what has remained the same. The materials for this study are a selection of songs from Taylor Swift’s complete discography (2006–2020) as well as selected sonnets by William Shakespeare (1609).Tässä tutkielmassa etsin ja vertailen kuvaannollisen kielen käyttöä William Shakespearen soneteissa ja amerikkalaisen laulaja-lauluntekijä Taylor Swiftin kappaleiden sanoituksissa. Tutkielman tavoite on tutkia eroja ja yhtäläisyyksiä siinä, miten he käyttävät kuvaannollista kieltä, eritoten metaforia ja metonymioita, kirjoittessaan romanttisesta rakkaudesta ja ihmissuhteista. Heidän elinaikojensa välillä oleva 400 vuoden väli itsessään takaa sen, että alati muuttuva ja kehittyvä kieli on erilaista heidän teksteissään ja siten myös heidän käyttämissään metaforissa ja metonymioissa. Tarkastelen tutkielmassa kappaleita Taylor Swiftin koko tuotannosta vuosilta 2006–2020 sekä valikoituja sonetteja William Shakespearen sonettikokoelmasta vuodelta 1609

“You understand now why they lost their minds and fought the wars”:comparing how William Shakespeare and Taylor Swift use figurative language when writing about love

Abstract. This thesis studies and compares William Shakespeare’s sonnets with the song lyrics of the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The aim is to observe the differences and similarities in their use of figurative language, specifically metaphors and metonymies when referring to romantic love and relationships. The 400-year-gap between them alone means that the language, as it is constantly evolving, will be different and so will be the metaphors and metonymies. This study examines what kind of differences there are and what has remained the same. The materials for this study are a selection of songs from Taylor Swift’s complete discography (2006–2020) as well as selected sonnets by William Shakespeare (1609).Tiivistelmä. Tässä tutkielmassa etsin ja vertailen kuvaannollisen kielen käyttöä William Shakespearen soneteissa ja amerikkalaisen laulaja-lauluntekijä Taylor Swiftin kappaleiden sanoituksissa. Tutkielman tavoite on tutkia eroja ja yhtäläisyyksiä siinä, miten he käyttävät kuvaannollista kieltä, eritoten metaforia ja metonymioita, kirjoittessaan romanttisesta rakkaudesta ja ihmissuhteista. Heidän elinaikojensa välillä oleva 400 vuoden väli itsessään takaa sen, että alati muuttuva ja kehittyvä kieli on erilaista heidän teksteissään ja siten myös heidän käyttämissään metaforissa ja metonymioissa. Tarkastelen tutkielmassa kappaleita Taylor Swiftin koko tuotannosta vuosilta 2006–2020 sekä valikoituja sonetteja William Shakespearen sonettikokoelmasta vuodelta 1609

Student perceptions of online peer learning in preservice music teacher education: motivation, social-emotional learning, and classroom climate

2021 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.Music instruction has historically depended upon a master-apprentice model in which teacher-determined goals serve as the focal point of the classroom and reduce opportunities for collaboration among peers (Allsup, 2003; Green, 2008; Wis, 2002). However, collaborative learning practices, such as peer-assisted learning (PAL), have been established as effective instructional methods in a variety of music learning contexts (e.g., Alexander & Dorow, 1983; Duran et al., 2020; Goodrich, 2007; Johnson, 2013). Recently, scholars have extended investigations of collaborative learning practices into the realm of online learning environments (Altinay, 2017; Biasutti, 2011; Raymond et al., 2016; Shawcross, 2019; Thorpe, 2002). Peer-assisted learning experiences have been identified as one of many successful strategies for meeting the diverse needs of students in online contexts (Altinay, 2017; Keppell et al., 2006; McLuckie & Topping, 2004; Raymond et al., 2016; Razak & See, 2010); however, there is a lack of scholarly literature surrounding online PAL in the context of preservice music teacher education Though online learning is not new in the realm of formal education, rapidly developing technologies have increased the impact and prevalence of online learning in many educational settings, including preservice music teacher education (Dumford & Miller, 2018; Statti & Villegas, 2020; Sandrone & Schneider, 2020). Specifically, growing health and safety concerns related to the spread of disease in a global pandemic have necessitated a shift in the delivery of instruction from face-to-face settings to online classroom environments. Given the increasing demand for flexible online learning solutions, music educators would benefit from context-specific knowledge about the interaction of PAL solutions with online music learning environments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore student perceptions of an online PAL experience in a preservice music teacher education course through the self-reported lenses of student motivation (Elliot, 1999), social-emotional learning (CASEL, 2003), and classroom climate (Dwyer et al., 2004; Moos, 1979). Quantitative data were collected via questionnaire measures (Coryn et al., 2009; Elliot & Muarayama, 2008; Kaufmann et al., 2016; Kaufmann & Vallade, 2020) and follow-up interviews were conducted with four participants who were selected using a maximum variation sampling approach (Jones et al., 2013; Raymond et al., 2016). Data revealed that student perspectives were likely influenced by their individual motivation orientation, capacity for social-emotional learning, and perception of the online classroom climate. Interview participants provided further context to these findings by sharing their individual experiences with group interactions, peer feedback, student connectedness, and course structure

Information sources in science and technology in Finland

Finland poses some problems to be overcome in the field of scientific and technical information: a small user community which makes domestic systems costly; great distances within the country between users and suppliers of information; great distances to international data systems and large libraries abroad; and inadequate collections of scientific and technical information. The national bibliography Fennica includes all books and journals published in Finland. Data base services available in Finland include: reference data bases in science and technology; data banks for decision making such as statistical time series or legal proceedings; national bibliographies; and library catalogs