Efficient numerical simulations on the forest barrier for seismic wave attenuation: engineering safe constructions

This paper aims to elucidate the clear visibility of attenuating seismic waves (SWs) with forest trees as natural metamaterials known as forest metamaterials (FMs) arranged in a periodic pattern around the protected area. In analyzing the changeability of the FM models, five distinct cases of “metawall” configurations were considered. Numerical simulations were conducted to study the characteristics of bandgaps (BGs) and vibration modes for each model. The finite element method (FEM) was used to illustrate the generation of BGs in low frequency ranges. The commercial finite element code COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4a was adopted to carry out the numerical analysis, utilizing the sound cone method and the strain energy method. Wide BGs were generated for the Bragg scattering BGs and local resonance BGs owing to the gradual variations in tree height and the addition of a vertical load in the form of mass to simulate the tree foliage. The results were promising and confirmed the applicability of FEM based on the parametric design language ANSYS 17.2 software to apply the boundary conditions of the proposed models at frequencies below 100 Hz. The effects of the mechanical properties of the six layers of soil and the geometric parameters of FMs were studied intensively. Unit cell layouts and an engineered configuration for arranging FMs based on periodic theory to achieve significant results in controlling ground vibrations, which are valuable for protecting a large number of structures or an entire city, are recommended. Prior to construction, protecting a region and exerting control over FM characteristics are advantageous. The results exhibited the effect of the ‘trees’ upper portion (e.g., leaves, crown, and lateral bulky branches) and the gradual change in tree height on the width and position of BGs, which refers to the attenuation mechanism. Low frequency ranges of less than 100 Hz were particularly well suited for attenuating SWs with FMs. However, an engineering method for a safe city construction should be proposed on the basis of the arrangement of urban trees to allow for the shielding of SWs in specific frequency ranges

Mentioning of the General After the Special in the Holy Quran and its Rhetorical Secrets: A Rhetorical Study

Verbiage is considered one of the distinct rhetorical methods, Which we must take into account in our speech and writing, There are many types of verbiage, One of the most important is to mention the public after the private, The public mentioned after the private, Where they play an important role in directing the Qur’anic discourse, its significance and explanation, Characteristics of the rhetorical miracle of the Holy Quran, And they strengthen the meanings and confirm them. Verbiage does not have the main purpose of prolonging, but it comes to a benefit that the place requires and for rhetorical purposes understood from the context and evidence of conditions. In this research, I will work on highlighting this rhetorical aesthetics associated with the detailed book and the perfect model in our Arabic rhetoric

Mentioning the Special after the General in the Holy Quran and its Rhetorical Secrets: A Rhetorical Study

Verbiage is considered one of the distinct rhetorical methods we must take into account in our speech and writing. There are many types of verbiage. One of the most important is to mention the private after the public. The public is mentioned after the private, Where they play an essential role in directing the Qur’anic discourse, its significance and explanation, Characteristics of the rhetorical miracle of the Holy Quran, And they strengthen the meanings and confirm them. Verbiage does not have the main purpose of prolonging, but it comes to a benefit that the place requires. For rhetorical purposes understood from the context and evidence of conditions, In this research, I will work on highlighting these rhetorical aesthetics, Associated with the detailed book and the perfect model in our Arabic rhetoric

Hermeneutika wa At-ta’wil: Al-Muqaranatu fi Minhaji Tafsir Al-Ma’ani

This study discusses hermeneutics in terms of its history and its use as a method of analysis as well as its comparison with the ta’wîl method in the interpretation of texts. This study used a qualilative method with a literature review approach and comparative analysis. Hermeneutics was originally a study of text interpretation in the Bible whereas ta’wîl was a study of interpretations of the Quran particularly for verses that have inner meanings. Until their scientific development, there are resemblances Both of two studies, but there are also differences in the fundamental principles between them.Thi study almed to show the comparison between two studies it appears that there are several comparisons in the usage history, in the requirement in explaning the verses. Then the technique in using those methods

Meaning Formation Structure in Surah Al-Kafirun as a Literary Text: A Structuralist Approach

The present article is an attempt to discover the order governing the linguistic elements in Surah Al-Kafirun [109]. The question posed is that as a literary text, what linguistic and semantic structures does the Surah Al-Kafirun adopt? This is answered through binary oppositions as well as syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations. The study will be a descriptive-comparative one. The first section of the article presents an applied analysis of the structural approach to text study. The second section analyses the Surah Al-Kafirun according to the aforementioned analysis, which shows the text is built up of three main structures based on three main binary oppositions, with the second opposition itself built up of four minor structures based on three minor binary oppositions. One of these minor oppositions has been repeated in the text, once with Positive implications and once with Negative implications. The linguistic elements in the text have been used in such a way that simultaneously divide and join the Surah structures. This occurs both in the semantic representation of the text on the one hand and in morphological, lexical, and syntactic representations on the other. The structural analysis shows how the intended meanings have been presented through paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations in a coherent structure

Starch Nanocrystals and Starch Nanoparticles from Waxy Maize as Nanoreinforcement: A Comparative Study

The morphological, structural and thermal behaviour of starch nanocrystals (SNCs) extracted from waxy maize starch through an acid hydrolysis were compared with those of starch nanoparticles (SNPs) obtained through an ultrasound treatment starting from the same waxy maize starch. The SNPs were found to be completely amorphous, slightly smaller and had no surface charge, whereas the SNCs had the expected platelet-like morphology with a negative surface charge introduced as a result of the use of sulphuric acid in the acid hydrolysis step. SNCs also showed better thermal stability than SNPs in the presence of water. As a result of their platelet-like morphology, the SNCs performed better in reinforcing a polymer film. On the other hand, SNPs reduced the transparency of the nanocomposite films to a lesser extent than the SNCs due to their smaller size.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Starch nanocrystals and starch nanoparticles from waxy maize as nanoreinforcement: A comparative study journaltitle: Carbohydrate Polymers articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.01.061 content_type: article copyright: Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.status: publishe

Film Melayu: Nationalism, modernity and film in a pre-world war two Malay magazine

10.1017/S0022463409990257Journal of Southeast Asian Studies41147-7