Inter- and Intrareligious Conflicts through/about Sound

This issue of YJMR includes three articles featuring three case studies that represent different religious worlds and historical moments. In each, the interplay of the above three factors—medium, forms and norms, and religious contest—can be clearly discerned. With all the differences (and a few commonalities) these three case studies comprise, they share one important feature: the agents of conflict, in all cases, were (or still are) courageous people who fought for their ideas and practices

Testing, stretching, and aligning:Using ‘ironic personae’ to make sense of complicated issues

Irony and humor play an important role in both organizing and organizations, because they both help to collide and contrast ideas as well as mitigate and moderate criticism. Our empirical observations of a senior management team suggest participants frequently use verbal irony and aggressive conversational humor through ‘ironic personae’ – a cast of characters, real or imaginary – as a vehicle for pragmatically making sense of complicated topics. We show how ironic personae perform three functions: (i) testing new positions on topics in a non-committal way; (ii) stretching the frame of comparison of a group; and (iii) aligning shared understanding and commitment. Thus, our analysis sheds light on an underexplored and undertheorised pragmatic vehicle for the expression of humorous verbal irony and aggressive conversational humor

Locally Disordered Methylation Forms the Basis of Intratumor Methylome Variation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Intratumoral heterogeneity plays a critical role in tumor evolution. To define the contribution of DNA methylation to heterogeneity within tumors, we performed genome-scale bisulfite sequencing of 104 primary chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLLs). Compared with 26 normal B cell samples, CLLs consistently displayed higher intrasample variability of DNA methylation patterns across the genome, which appears to arise from stochastically disordered methylation in malignant cells. Transcriptome analysis of bulk and single CLL cells revealed that methylation disorder was linked to low-level expression. Disordered methylation was further associated with adverse clinical outcome. We therefore propose that disordered methylation plays a similar role to that of genetic instability, enhancing the ability of cancer cells to search for superior evolutionary trajectories.Stem Cell and Regenerative Biolog

The risk of infections for multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder disease-modifying treatments: Eighth European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis Focused Workshop Review. April 2021

reserved49: Over the recent years, the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has evolved very rapidly and a large number of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) are now available. However, most DMTs are associated with adverse events, the most frequent of which being infections. Consideration of all DMT-associated risks facilitates development of risk mitigation strategies. An international focused workshop with expert-led discussions was sponsored by the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) and was held in April 2021 to review our current knowledge about the risk of infections associated with the use of DMTs for people with MS and NMOSD and corresponding risk mitigation strategies. The workshop addressed DMT-associated infections in specific populations, such as children and pregnant women with MS, or people with MS who have other comorbidities or live in regions with an exceptionally high infection burden. Finally, we reviewed the topic of DMT-associated infectious risks in the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Herein, we summarize available evidence and identify gaps in knowledge which justify further research.mixedTur, Carmen; Dubessy, Anne-Laure; Otero-Romero, Susana; Amato, Maria Pia; Derfuss, Tobias; Di Pauli, Franziska; Iacobaeus, Ellen; Mycko, Marcin; Abboud, Hesham; Achiron, Anat; Bellinvia, Angelo; Boyko, Alexey; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Clifford, David; Dobson, Ruth; Farez, Mauricio F; Filippi, Massimo; Fitzgerald, Kathryn C; Fonderico, Mattia; Gouider, Riadh; Hacohen, Yael; Hellwig, Kerstin; Hemmer, Bernhard; Kappos, Ludwig; Ladeira, Filipa; Lebrun-Frénay, Christine; Louapre, Céline; Magyari, Melinda; Mehling, Matthias; Oreja-Guevara, Celia; Pandit, Lekha; Papeix, Caroline; Piehl, Fredrik; Portaccio, Emilio; Ruiz-Camps, Isabel; Selmaj, Krzysztof; Simpson-Yap, Steve; Siva, Aksel; Sorensen, Per Soelberg; Sormani, Maria Pia; Trojano, Maria; Vaknin-Dembinsky, Adi; Vukusic, Sandra; Weinshenker, Brian; Wiendl, Heinz; Winkelmann, Alexander; Zuluaga Rodas, María Isabel; Tintoré, Mar; Stankoff, BrunoTur, Carmen; Dubessy, Anne-Laure; Otero-Romero, Susana; Amato, Maria Pia; Derfuss, Tobias; Di Pauli, Franziska; Iacobaeus, Ellen; Mycko, Marcin; Abboud, Hesham; Achiron, Anat; Bellinvia, Angelo; Boyko, Alexey; Casanova, Jean-Laurent; Clifford, David; Dobson, Ruth; Farez, Mauricio F; Filippi, Massimo; Fitzgerald, Kathryn C; Fonderico, Mattia; Gouider, Riadh; Hacohen, Yael; Hellwig, Kerstin; Hemmer, Bernhard; Kappos, Ludwig; Ladeira, Filipa; Lebrun-Frénay, Christine; Louapre, Céline; Magyari, Melinda; Mehling, Matthias; Oreja-Guevara, Celia; Pandit, Lekha; Papeix, Caroline; Piehl, Fredrik; Portaccio, Emilio; Ruiz-Camps, Isabel; Selmaj, Krzysztof; Simpson-Yap, Steve; Siva, Aksel; Sorensen, Per Soelberg; Sormani, Maria Pia; Trojano, Maria; Vaknin-Dembinsky, Adi; Vukusic, Sandra; Weinshenker, Brian; Wiendl, Heinz; Winkelmann, Alexander; Zuluaga Rodas, María Isabel; Tintoré, Mar; Stankoff, Brun

The risk of infections for multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder disease-modifying treatments: Eighth European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis Focused Workshop Review. April 2021

Over the recent years, the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has evolved very rapidly and a large number of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) are now available. However, most DMTs are associated with adverse events, the most frequent of which being infections. Consideration of all DMT-associated risks facilitates development of risk mitigation strategies. An international focused workshop with expert-led discussions was sponsored by the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) and was held in April 2021 to review our current knowledge about the risk of infections associated with the use of DMTs for people with MS and NMOSD and corresponding risk mitigation strategies. The workshop addressed DMT-associated infections in specific populations, such as children and pregnant women with MS, or people with MS who have other comorbidities or live in regions with an exceptionally high infection burden. Finally, we reviewed the topic of DMT-associated infectious risks in the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Herein, we summarize available evidence and identify gaps in knowledge which justify further research

The current role of MRI in differentiating multiple sclerosis from its imaging mimics

MRI red flags proposed over a decade ago by the European Magnetic Resonance Network in MS (MAGNIMS) have guided clinicians in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the past 10 years have seen increased recognition that vascular disease can coexist and possibly interact with MS, improvements in the reliability of ways to differentiate MS from novel antibody-mediated CNS disorders (such as anti-aquaporin-4 antibody and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated diseases) and advances in MRI techniques. In this Review, MAGNIMS updates the imaging features that differentiate the most common mimics of MS, particularly age-related cerebrovascular disease and neuromyelitis optica, from MS itself. We also provide a pragmatic summary of the clinically useful MRI features that distinguish MS from its mimics and discuss the future of nonconventional techniques that have identified promising disease-specific features