872 research outputs found
Job Satisfaction as a Reflection of Disposition: A Multiple Source Casual Analysis
Dispositional sources of job satisfaction have been the subject of recent research in the organizational sciences. Problems in much of this research, which limit the conclusions one can draw from the results, are discussed. This study makes a distinction between affective disposition, defined as the tendency to respond generally to the environment in an affect-based manner, and subjective well-being, the level of overall happiness and satisfaction an individual has with his or her life. Affective disposition was hypothesized to lead to subjective well-being, and subjective well-being and job satisfaction were hypothesized to be mutually causative. A causal model was tested employing two different sources of data: self-reports and significant other evaluations. This biangulation of sources of data and estimation of nonrecursive relationships removes some problems often assumed to plague results based on single source data. Results indicated support for the overall hypothesized causal model and supported a dispositional influence on job attitudes. The influences are more complex than past research has suggested
Failure mechanisms and surface roughness statistics of fractured Fontainebleau sandstone
In an effort to investigate the link between failure mechanisms and the
geometry of fractures of compacted grains materials, a detailed statistical
analysis of the surfaces of fractured Fontainebleau sandstones has been
achieved. The roughness of samples of different widths W is shown to be self
affine with an exponent zeta=0.46 +- 0.05 over a range of length scales ranging
from the grain size d up to an upper cut-off length \xi = 0.15 W. This low zeta
value is in agreement with measurements on other sandstones and on sintered
materials. The probability distributions P(delta z,delta h) of the variations
of height over different distances delta z > d can be collapsed onto a single
Gaussian distribution with a suitable normalisation and do not display
multifractal features. The roughness amplitude, as characterized by the
height-height correlation over fixed distances delta z, does not depend on the
sample width, implying that no anomalous scaling of the type reported for other
materials is present. It is suggested, in agreement with recent theoretical
work, to explain these results by the occurence of brittle fracture (instead of
damage failure in materials displaying a higher value of zeta = 0.8).Comment: 7 page
Measuring fast electron spectra and laser absorption in relativistic laser-solid interactions using differential bremsstrahlung photon detectors
A photon detector suitable for the measurement of bremsstrahlung spectra
generated in relativistically-intense laser-solid interactions is described.
The Monte Carlo techniques used to back-out the fast electron spectrum and
laser energy absorbed into fast electrons are detailed. A
relativistically-intense laser-solid experiment using frequency doubled laser
light is used to demonstrate the effective operation of the detector. The
experimental data was interpreted using the 3-spatial-dimension Monte Carlo
code MCNPX (Pelowitz 2008), and the fast electron temperature found to be 125
keV
Spin splitting in a polarized quasi-two-dimensional exciton gas
We have observed a large spin splitting between "spin" and
heavy-hole excitons, having unbalanced populations, in undoped GaAs/AlAs
quantum wells in the absence of any external magnetic field. Time-resolved
photoluminescence spectroscopy, under excitation with circularly polarized
light, reveals that, for high excitonic density and short times after the
pulsed excitation, the emission from majority excitons lies above that of
minority ones. The amount of the splitting, which can be as large as 50% of the
binding energy, increases with excitonic density and presents a time evolution
closely connected with the degree of polarization of the luminescence. Our
results are interpreted on the light of a recently developed model, which shows
that, while intra-excitonic exchange interaction is responsible for the spin
relaxation processes, exciton-exciton interaction produces a breaking of the
spin degeneracy in two-dimensional semiconductors.Comment: Revtex, four pages; four figures, postscript file Accepted for
publication in Physical Review B (Rapid Commun.
Self-Guided Smartphone Application to Manage Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Trial
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of an auricular point acupressure smartphone app (mAPA) to self-manage chronic musculoskeletal pain.
METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal, randomized, controlled pilot trial was conducted using a three-group design (self-guided mAPA (
RESULTS: After a 4-week APA intervention, participants in the in-person mAPA group had improved physical function of 32% immediately post-intervention and 29% at the 1M follow-up. Participants in the self-guided mAPA group had higher improvement (42% at post-intervention and 48% at the 1M follow-up). Both mAPA groups had similar degrees of pain intensity relief at post-intervention (45% for in-person and 48% for the self-guided group) and the 1M follow-up (42% for in-person and 45% for the self-guided group). Over 50% of the participants in each group reached at least 30% reduced pain intensity at post-intervention, and this was sustained in the mAPA groups at the 1M follow-up. Approximately 80% of the participants in both mAPA groups were satisfied with the treatment outcomes and adhered to the suggested APA practice; however, participants in the self-guided group had higher duration and more frequency in APA use. The attrition rate was 16% at the 1M follow-up. No adverse effects of APA were reported, and participants found APA to be beneficial and the app to be valuable.
CONCLUSIONS: The study findings indicate that participants effectively learned APA using a smartphone app, whether they were self-guided or received in-person training. They were able to self-administer APA to successfully manage their pain. Participants found APA to be valuable in their pain self-management and expressed satisfaction with the intervention using the app
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