The Effect of Dance and Team Sports on Mental Health

This study uses the World Health Organization model of physical, social, and mental health to examine the effect of participating in dance and team sports during childhood on mental health in adulthood. Prior research has suggested that physical activity is strongly integrated with mental and social health and therefore is a protective factor among mental illness. However, there is not sufficient research comparing the differences among dance and team sports on mental health. This study hypothesized that dancers would experience more positive mental health in adulthood than team sports due to the basis of physical activity in dance, but the distinguishing factors of dance that are not experienced in team sports such as emotional expression, creativity, and performance. This study was completed through an anonymous survey 16 item survey administered to women’s sports and dance teams in Massachusetts colleges. The results of this study indicate that dance and team sports display no statistically significant evidence of protecting against stress. Instead, this study suggests that stressors from college such as increased responsibility, independence, and physical separation from an individual\u27s support system may be increasing stress

Equity Carve-Outs And Changes In Corporate Control

This study proposes a corporate control hypothesis in which equity carve-outs facilitate changes in corporate control by providing an economical means to transfer control of corporate assets to bidders who will potentially create greater value.  Consistent with this hypothesis, a statistically significant 16% of the equity carve-outs in this study's sample are taken over within six years.  Those equity carve-outs subsequently taken over appear to be economically different from those motivated by other reasons.  Parent firms of equity carve-outs subsequently taken over display a significantly greater share price reaction to the announcement of an equity carve-out than do parent firms of equity carve-outs not subsequently taken over.  For those carve-outs subsequently taken over, an important factor contributing to parent firm gains is the relative size of the carve-out IPO.  There appears to be an optimal retention level of 10-50% for carve-outs motivated by the intent to facilitate a change in corporate control. &nbsp

Magnetic and Natural Rotatory Dispersion in Absorbing Media

A theoretical discussion based on the electron theory of H. A. Lorentz yielded formulas for the magnetic rotatory dispersion in isotropic absorbing media and for the natural rotatory dispersion in optically active absorbing media. In a few instances where sufficient data enabled calculation, the new magnetic rotation formula has given accurate agreement with experimental values, thereby accounting for the discrepancy previously noted between the observed Verdet angles and those calculated from a theory which neglected absorption

Logical and set theory models for gastropod larvae, North American birds and seals of the world

Two logically valid models are used to compare the gastropod (snail) larvae of Atlantic and Pacific equatorial oceans with birds of North America. One model is this: if there is an environment that supports many species, then there are many species that are supported by one or more environments. This model says that the many species are supported by one environment in the ocean but are supported both by one environment and each species by its own environment among birds on land. A second model is this: if one environment is suited to many species then the many species are suited (adapted) to the one environment – this of course can be reversed, if species are suited to environment then environment is suited to species; so environment and species are suited to each other. This model is applicable to gastropod larvae of the ocean and the birds of North America. A set theory model is applied to the 32 species of seals (and sea lions) of the world. A set theory model is this: a bijective relation between each species and its environment or locale is such that there is a one-to-one correspondence between each species and its unique area or environment; whereas a surjective relation allows overlap of several species occupying the same area in a non one-to-one correspondence. There are 19 bijective seal species and 13 surjective seal species. Bijective cases are the North American birds interpreted as each being supported by and suited to its own area or environment. Surjective cases are many gastropod larvae supported by or suited to one ocean environment

The diversity of phytoplanktonic populations in oceanic, coastal, and estuarine regions

In the deep ocean north of Bermuda, during spring and summer, conditions for growth are poor, but physical conditions, such as high salinity and great depth, are favorable to the marine phytoplankton. The dominant species in a sample constitute a modest proportion of the cells counted, and a considerable diversity of species is observed...

Modelling ecology from logic

Submitted to Ecological ModellingThe thesis of this essay is that logically valid formulations guarantee correct and coherent summaries of scientific data. Several studies are presented that can be shown to be inadequate or simply wrong by logical procedures. But large and small aspects of nature are described and then summarized correctly by logically valid formulations

The Distribution of Intensity in the Broadened Balmer Lines of Hydrogen

The intensity distribution across the broadened Balmer lines of hydrogen Hß, Hγ and Hδ excited by condensed discharges for a pressure range from 48 to 250 mm. of mercury was determined by photographing the spectra through a neutral wedge. The broadening was symmetrical and the general form of the intensity curve was convex to the axis of wave-lengths; the curves for each line gave evidences of structure characteristic of the line

The application of set theory to ecology

Sets and membership are part of the structure of the world. Sets and membership hold nature together

The deduction theorem and ecology

Submitted to Ecological ModellingThe deduction theorem is based primarily on the formula [A superset of (B superset of C)] superset of [(A superset of B) superset of (A superset of C)]. The fisheries of Newfoundland, Iceland, and west Greenland have three aspects, a first aspect of abundance of cod or herring, aspect A, a second aspect of overfishing or overfishing plus hydrographic change, aspect B, and a third aspect of collapse of the cod-herring fishery or shift to shrimp, aspect C. Each aspect implies, connects to the next either in [A superset of (B superset of C)] sequence or in the [(A superset of B) superset of (A superset of C)] double sequence. The Mississippi River system has three parts, the drainage area of the inner U.S.A., part A, the plankton-rich, low salinity plume to the west of the Mississippi delta, part B, and the oxygen-depleted near-bottom layer of the plume, part C. These parts are connected, as shown by the implication connective, superset of . There are two indirect applications of the deduction theorem. The first is three aspects of hotspots, each hotspot being a region having a set of many indigenous species and having set of endangered species, the two sets being identical by having all the same species (the principle of extensionality). The second indirect application is three logically valid formulas that describe most of the natural world. A is contraposition, an example of which is: a vertebrate is adapted to year-round temperate temperature if it is functional (active) year-round; if and only if a vertebrate is not adapted to year-round temperate temperature only if it is not functional (not active) year-round. B is equivalence, an example of which is: if a North American bird species is adapted to its area, then its area is adapted to it, and if its area is adapted to the species, then the species is adapted to its area – equivalent to: species is adapted to area if and only if area is adapted to species. C is constructive dilemma, an example of which is: all insects are in diapause or non-diapause condition; all insects, if in diapause condition, are winter adapted; and all insects, if in non-diapause (winged) condition, are summer adapted: therefore, all insects are winter adapted or summer adapted. The three logically valid formulas, contraposition, equivalence, and constructive dilemma are thus parts of the larger logically valid formula of the deduction theorem. The empirical data, of considerable value in themselves, become of very great value when inserted into the validity formulas, which seem of limited value without the empirical input. Thus the intent of this several-layered study is just to probe into the underpinnings of nature and to attempt to create some order in our perception of these underpinnings

Essays in philosophical biology

Philosophical biology, one might venture to assert, is an effort to delve as deeply as possible into the underpinnings of biological structure. Consequently the effort will be, first, to understand how continuity can be maintained in the drastic change from cold-blooded to warm-blooded vertebrates, from the property of cold-bloodedness to the property of warm-bloodedness. The effort will be extended, second, to consider how properties, in the fully explained sense provided by philosophers, can be used to explain winter and summer adaptedness, and to explain adaptedness and non-adaptedness. Finally, the effort will take up, third, what is deeply germane in a distinction between two environments, the ocean and land environment – for the relational supporting and the attributional suited to dictate very different accounts of environment and species in the Pacific Ocean and on the North American continent. The three efforts just mentioned will be presented as: I. Can evolution be philosophically integrated?; II. Properties and adaptation; III. A view of two worlds