The Influence Factors and Promotion Strategies of Coal Enterprise Soft Power

Coal enterprise soft power is an important part of enterprise core competitiveness which is crucial in the development and construction business. According to development feature of coal business and the coal industry combined with the current form of development changes, on the basis of systematically analyzing the formation affecting factors of coal enterprise soft power, the writer thinks that coal enterprises should shape the corporate culture, continue to enhance the coal enterprise management innovation and technological innovation, focus on personnel training of coal enterprises, fully modify the image of coal enterprises to enhance the soft power, and take enterprise soft power building as hard power to expand and extend the platform to improve coal enterprise comprehensive strength and competitiveness

Investigation of inflammatory mechanisms in models of osteoarthritic pain

ABSTRACT Background：Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent joint degenerative disorder among the older population. The main symptoms of OA are chronic pain, swelling and stiffness of joint. OA histopathology is characterized by cartilage damage, synovial inflammation and remodelling of subchondral bone. Resolvins are endogenous lipid mediators produced from Ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) during resolution of inflammation. The main biological functions of resolvins include anti-inflammation and resolution of inflammation. Currently, the emerging anti-nociceptive roles of some resolvins have been reported in various models of pain. However, roles of resolvins and the resolvin receptor system on osteoarthritic pain are unknown. Objectives: This thesis assesses the therapeutic potential of a resolvin precursor on OA pain and investigates the underlying mechanisms of action and resolvin receptor system in OA. Methods：Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) and medial meniscus transection (MNX) -induced joint damage was used as models of OA pain. 17(R)-HDoHE (300ng/300μl) or vehicle (1% ethanol in saline, 300μl) was acutely or chronically administered at day 14 post model induction and pain behaviour was measured to determine the analgesic effects of the drug in these models. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess joint histopathology. Gene expression of resolvin receptors, inflammatory cytokines and metabolic enzymes were measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in associated tissues from the models and human OA samples. Results: Pain behaviour and joint histopathology were established in both the MIA and MNX models. Expression of chemokine-like receptor 1(ChemR23) was lower in the synovia and higher in the spinal cord in the MIA model. 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) was expressed at a lower level in both synovia and spinal cord in the MIA model. Negative correlations were revealed between synovial ChemR23 expression and pain behaviour at both day 14 and 35 in the MIA model. ChemR23 expression in the spinal cord was positively correlated with pain behaviour at day 35 in the MIA model. Expression of formyl peptide receptor 2 (ALX), some inflammatory cytokines and metabolic enzymes was lower in the synovia in the MNX model but expression of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) was higher. Expression of ALX in the synovia was positively correlated with tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNFα), interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) and cyclooxygenase 2(COX2) but negatively correlated with 5-LOX expression in the MIA model. Expression of ALX in the spinal cord was positively correlated with pain behaviour at day 14 but then the converse was true at day 35. Expression of ALX in the spinal cord was negatively correlated with IL6 in the MIA model. 17(R)HDoHE attenuated pain behaviour in both the MIA and MNX models following acute, chronic and discontinuous administration. Effects of acute administration of 17(R)HDoHE on pain behaviour were associated with an up-regulation in the expression of IL6 and decreased 5-LOX expression in the synovia of MIA model. A trend towards down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and associated enzymes by 17(R)HDoHE was observed in the acute study in the MIA model. Repeated administration of 17(R)HDoHE produced robust and sustained inhibitory effects on pain behaviour, but no change in joint histopathology. Pain behaviour was attenuated when 17(R)HDoHE was administered but returned to levels seen in vehicle treated rats after 7 days after drug cessation. In human OA samples, expression of ChemR23 was significantly higher than expression of ALX in both synovia and medial tibial plateau. ChemR23 expression was positively correlated with expression of 5-LOX in both synovia and medial tibial plateau and negatively correlated with 15-LOX2 expression in the medial tibial plateau from OA patients. There was a significantly positive correlation between ChemR23 expression and IL6 and 15-LOX1 expression in the medial tibial plateau. In addition, there was a significantly positive correlation between ALX and IL6 and 15-LOX1 expression in both synovia and medial tibial plateau. Expression of ALX, TNFα, IL6, COX2 and 5-LOX in the medial tibial plateau from OA patients was lower, compared to expression in bone from femoral heads obtained from trauma patients. Conclusions: These findings support anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory roles of resolvins and provide evidence that resolvins may be potential novel drugs to treat OA pai

Experimental Results of Underwater Sound Speed Profile Inversion by Few-shot Multi-task Learning

Underwater Sound Speed Profile (SSP) distribution has great influence on the propagation mode of acoustic signal, thus the fast and accurate estimation of SSP is of great importance in building underwater observation systems. The state-of-the-art SSP inversion methods include frameworks of matched field processing (MFP), compressive sensing (CS), and feedforeward neural networks (FNN), among which the FNN shows better real-time performance while maintain the same level of accuracy. However, the training of FNN needs quite a lot historical SSP samples, which is diffcult to be satisfied in many ocean areas. This situation is called few-shot learning. To tackle this issue, we propose a multi-task learning (MTL) model with partial parameter sharing among different traning tasks. By MTL, common features could be extracted, thus accelerating the learning process on given tasks, and reducing the demand for reference samples, so as to enhance the generalization ability in few-shot learning. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of MTL, a deep-ocean experiment was held in April 2023 at the South China Sea. Results shows that MTL outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy for SSP inversion, while inherits the real-time advantage of FNN during the inversion stage

Investigation of inflammatory mechanisms in models of osteoarthritic pain

ABSTRACT Background：Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent joint degenerative disorder among the older population. The main symptoms of OA are chronic pain, swelling and stiffness of joint. OA histopathology is characterized by cartilage damage, synovial inflammation and remodelling of subchondral bone. Resolvins are endogenous lipid mediators produced from Ω-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) during resolution of inflammation. The main biological functions of resolvins include anti-inflammation and resolution of inflammation. Currently, the emerging anti-nociceptive roles of some resolvins have been reported in various models of pain. However, roles of resolvins and the resolvin receptor system on osteoarthritic pain are unknown. Objectives: This thesis assesses the therapeutic potential of a resolvin precursor on OA pain and investigates the underlying mechanisms of action and resolvin receptor system in OA. Methods：Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) and medial meniscus transection (MNX) -induced joint damage was used as models of OA pain. 17(R)-HDoHE (300ng/300μl) or vehicle (1% ethanol in saline, 300μl) was acutely or chronically administered at day 14 post model induction and pain behaviour was measured to determine the analgesic effects of the drug in these models. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess joint histopathology. Gene expression of resolvin receptors, inflammatory cytokines and metabolic enzymes were measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in associated tissues from the models and human OA samples. Results: Pain behaviour and joint histopathology were established in both the MIA and MNX models. Expression of chemokine-like receptor 1(ChemR23) was lower in the synovia and higher in the spinal cord in the MIA model. 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) was expressed at a lower level in both synovia and spinal cord in the MIA model. Negative correlations were revealed between synovial ChemR23 expression and pain behaviour at both day 14 and 35 in the MIA model. ChemR23 expression in the spinal cord was positively correlated with pain behaviour at day 35 in the MIA model. Expression of formyl peptide receptor 2 (ALX), some inflammatory cytokines and metabolic enzymes was lower in the synovia in the MNX model but expression of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) was higher. Expression of ALX in the synovia was positively correlated with tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNFα), interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) and cyclooxygenase 2(COX2) but negatively correlated with 5-LOX expression in the MIA model. Expression of ALX in the spinal cord was positively correlated with pain behaviour at day 14 but then the converse was true at day 35. Expression of ALX in the spinal cord was negatively correlated with IL6 in the MIA model. 17(R)HDoHE attenuated pain behaviour in both the MIA and MNX models following acute, chronic and discontinuous administration. Effects of acute administration of 17(R)HDoHE on pain behaviour were associated with an up-regulation in the expression of IL6 and decreased 5-LOX expression in the synovia of MIA model. A trend towards down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and associated enzymes by 17(R)HDoHE was observed in the acute study in the MIA model. Repeated administration of 17(R)HDoHE produced robust and sustained inhibitory effects on pain behaviour, but no change in joint histopathology. Pain behaviour was attenuated when 17(R)HDoHE was administered but returned to levels seen in vehicle treated rats after 7 days after drug cessation. In human OA samples, expression of ChemR23 was significantly higher than expression of ALX in both synovia and medial tibial plateau. ChemR23 expression was positively correlated with expression of 5-LOX in both synovia and medial tibial plateau and negatively correlated with 15-LOX2 expression in the medial tibial plateau from OA patients. There was a significantly positive correlation between ChemR23 expression and IL6 and 15-LOX1 expression in the medial tibial plateau. In addition, there was a significantly positive correlation between ALX and IL6 and 15-LOX1 expression in both synovia and medial tibial plateau. Expression of ALX, TNFα, IL6, COX2 and 5-LOX in the medial tibial plateau from OA patients was lower, compared to expression in bone from femoral heads obtained from trauma patients. Conclusions: These findings support anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory roles of resolvins and provide evidence that resolvins may be potential novel drugs to treat OA pai

Bone Mineral Density Reference Standards for Chinese Children Aged 3-18: Cross-Sectional Results of the 2013-2015 China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) Study

Objectives: No nationwide paediatric reference standards for bone mineral density (BMD) are available in China. We aimed to provide sex-specific BMD reference values for Chinese children and adolescents (3-18 years). Methods: Data (10 818 participants aged 3-18 years) were obtained from cross-sectional surveys of the China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health in 2015, which included four municipality cities and three provinces. BMD was measured using Hologic Discovery Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scanner. The DXA measures were modelled against age, with height as an independent variable. The LMS statistical method using a curve fitting procedure was used to construct reference smooth cross-sectional centile curves for dependent versus independent variables. Results: Children residing in Northeast China had the highest total body less head (TBLH) BMD while children residing in Shandong Province had the lowest values. Among children, TBLH BMD was higher for boys as compared with girls; but, it increased with age and height in both sexes. Furthermore, TBLH BMD was higher among US children as compared with Chinese children. There was a large difference in BMD for height among children from these two countries. US children had a much higher BMD at each percentile (P) than Chinese children; the largest observed difference was at P50 and P3 and the smallest difference was at P97. Conclusions: This is the first study to present a sex-specific reference dataset for Chinese children aged 3-18 years. The data can help clinicians improve interpretation, assessment and monitoring of densitometry results

VideoLLM: Modeling Video Sequence with Large Language Models

With the exponential growth of video data, there is an urgent need for automated technology to analyze and comprehend video content. However, existing video understanding models are often task-specific and lack a comprehensive capability of handling diverse tasks. The success of large language models (LLMs) like GPT has demonstrated their impressive abilities in sequence causal reasoning. Building upon this insight, we propose a novel framework called VideoLLM that leverages the sequence reasoning capabilities of pre-trained LLMs from natural language processing (NLP) for video sequence understanding. VideoLLM incorporates a carefully designed Modality Encoder and Semantic Translator, which convert inputs from various modalities into a unified token sequence. This token sequence is then fed into a decoder-only LLM. Subsequently, with the aid of a simple task head, our VideoLLM yields an effective unified framework for different kinds of video understanding tasks. To evaluate the efficacy of VideoLLM, we conduct extensive experiments using multiple LLMs and fine-tuning methods. We evaluate our VideoLLM on eight tasks sourced from four different datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that the understanding and reasoning capabilities of LLMs can be effectively transferred to video understanding tasks. We release the code at https://github.com/cg1177/VideoLLM.Comment: Technical Repor

Targeting the D-series resolvin receptor system for the treatment of osteoarthritic pain

Objective: Pain is a major symptom of osteoarthritis (OA); current analgesics either do not offer adequate pain relief or are associated with serious side effects. Herein we have investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting the resolvin receptor system to modify OA pain and pathology. Methods: Gene expression of two resolvin receptors (ALX and ChemR23) was quantified in synovia and medial tibial plateau collected from patients at joint replacement for OA. Two models of OA joint pain were used for mechanistic studies. Gene expression in the periphery and CNS were quantified. Effects of exogenous administration of the D-series resolvin precursor 17(R)-hydroxy Docosahexaenoic Acid (17(R)-HDoHE on pain behaviour, joint pathology, spinal microglia and astroglyosis were quantified. Plasma levels of relevant lipids, resolvin D2, 17R-HDoHE and arachidonic acid was determined in rats using LC-MS-MS. Results: There was a positive correlation between resolvin receptor and IL6 expression in human OA synovia and medial tibial plateau. In the rat, synovia gene expression of ALX was positively correlated with IL1β, TNFα and COX2. Treatment with 17(R)-HDoHE reversed established pain behaviour in two models of OA pain, but not joint pathology. This was associated with a significant elevation in plasma levels of resolvin D2 and a significant reduction in astrogliosis in the spinal cord in the MIA model. Conclusion: Our preclinical data demonstrate robust analgesics effects of activating the D series resolvin pathways in two different animal models of OA. Our data support a predominant central mechanism of action in this clinically relevant model of OA pain

TeacherLM: Teaching to Fish Rather Than Giving the Fish, Language Modeling Likewise

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive reasoning and data augmentation capabilities in various NLP tasks. However, what about small models? In this work, we propose TeacherLM-7.1B, capable of annotating relevant fundamentals, chain of thought, and common mistakes for most NLP samples, which makes annotation more than just an answer, thus allowing other models to learn "why" instead of just "what". The TeacherLM-7.1B model achieved a zero-shot score of 52.3 on MMLU, surpassing most models with over 100B parameters. Even more remarkable is its data augmentation ability. Based on TeacherLM-7.1B, we augmented 58 NLP datasets and taught various student models with different parameters from OPT and BLOOM series in a multi-task setting. The experimental results indicate that the data augmentation provided by TeacherLM has brought significant benefits. We will release the TeacherLM series of models and augmented datasets as open-source.Comment: 5 figures, 15 page

Inhibitory insula-ACC projections modulate affective but not sensory aspects of neuropathic pain

Abstract The insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are brain regions that undergo structural and functional reorganization in neuropathic pain states. Here, we aimed to study inhibitory parvalbumin positive (PV+) posterior insula (pIC) to posterior ACC (pACC) projections, and to evaluate the effects of direct optogenetic manipulation of such projections on mechanical nociception and spontaneous ongoing pain in mice with Spared Nerve Injury (SNI). CTB488 tract-tracing in male PVCrexAi9 mice revealed a small proportion of PV+ projections from the pIC to the pACC. Electrophysiological analysis confirmed the existence of synaptic inputs into the pACC by pIC GABAergic cells. Optogenetic stimulation of these pathways did not change mechanical nociception, but induced conditioned place preference behavior responses. Our results suggest the presence of inhibitory projections between the pIC and the pACC which are able to selectively modulate affective aspects of neuropathic pain