Assessing fat and aquaculture feed recyclable from chicken wastes of poultry slaughterhouse in Bojnoord, North Khorasan Province, Iran

The rapid growth of poultry industry has caused large amounts of chicken wastes that must be recycled regarding environmental and economic concerns. This study aimed to assess the fat and aquaculture feed producible from chicken wastes in the Bojnoord poultry slaughterhouse, Iran. The chicken wastes including fatty tissue, viscera, and coccygeal were sampled at three different periods in 2016. Fat samples were analyzed by gas chromatography for determining the fatty acid (FA) profile. The degreased wastes then were used for producing aquaculture feed pellets once in combination with flour and once in mix with poultry by-product meal (PBM). The pellets were tested for physicochemical properties. Averagely, 58.9% of the fatty tissue, 14.5% of the viscera, and 30.4% of the coccygeal were recycled as fat content. Totally, 109368 kg-fat/year was extractable from chicken wastes. The oleic, palmitic, stearic, and palmitoleic represented more than 80% of the total FA content. 67.41% and 67.16% of FA composition was unsaturated and composed of cis-isomers, respectively. The iodine value (IV) and saponification value (SV) were 58.7 g iodine/100 g oil and 156.12 mg KOH/g oil, respectively. The content of moisture, protein, fat, fiber, and ash in the feed composed of degreased chicken wastes and PBM was 7.8, 41.2, 34, 0.9, and 4.4%, respectively. The fat obtained from chicken wastes was suitable for non-edible consumption. Combining degreased wastes with PBM resulted in protein-rich aquaculture feed. This study showed the economic and health benefits of separating components of the poultry slaughterhouse wastes and the possibility of producing aquaculture feed containing suitable micronutrients from these wastes

Study of the coagulation process in wastewater treatment of dairy industries

Aims: In this study, the effect of the coagulation process on treatment of simulated dairy wastewater (SDW) was investigated using the mineral and organic coagulants. Materials and Methods: Different types of coagulants such as inorganic (Alum and ferrous sulphate) and polymeric coagulants (polyacrylamide [PAA] and polyferric sulphate [PFS]) were investigated. Inorganic coagulants dosages were varied from 100 to 1000 mg/L and the polymers dosage was 20 mg/L. Turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity (EC) and chloride of samples were investigated in optimum pH. Results: Both two coagulants had an optimum dose and pH of 1000 mg/L and 5 respectively. According to the findings, Alum with 95% turbidity removal and 68% COD removal had more high efficiency than ferrous sulphate (95% and 62% efficiency for turbidity and COD removal respectively). When Alum via PFS and PAA as a coagulants aid were used, 82% decrease in COD was obtained using low dose of Alum (100 mg/L). Conclusion: In studied dairy wastewater, Alum was more effective than ferrous sulphate. Addition of 20 mg/L of both two coagulants aid (PFS and PAA) effectively reduced the use of Alum and it was effective in COD removal

Effects of Compost, Vermicompost and Sulfur Compost on Scindapsus aureus Growth

Background & Aims of the Study: This study was conducted to investigate effects of biofertilizers application and its interaction with organic manures on Scindapsus aureus performance. Materials & Methods: The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with factorial arrangement of two above mentioned factors at greenhouse of Municipality fertilizer production factory. Three different fertilizers (vermicompost, granular compost fortified with sulphur and trash compost) were applied at four levels of 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent of soil. The comparisons among means were made using the least significant difference test calculated at p-values <0.05. Results: Around leaves area index (LAI), performance of vermicompost (8.31) was better than other fertilizers. This increase can be related to more absorb nutrients, better nutrition and thus improve plant performance in the presence of vermicompost. Conclusions: Thus use of fertilizers and especially vermicompost in the Scindapsus aureus growth with 10% of soil, will achieve increase in all indicators of plant growth. Thus, the processes of biological conversion such as composting in addition to economic value also have benefits for environmental protection

Performance evaluation of Advanced oxidation process US/UV/H2O2 on Removal of Tetracycline Antibiotic from Aqueous Solutions

Background and objectives: among the different type of antibiotics, the tetracycline occupied the 2end level of the more prevalence types in produce and use aspect worldwide and their existence in domestic wastewater will pollute our water resources. The aim of this study was to determine the performance of US/UV/H2O2 processes when reduction of tetracycline antibiotic from an aqueous environment was objected. Material and methods: the current experimental study use the ultrasonic bath simultaneously with ultraviolet wave and hydrogen peroxide. To detect the effect of variables include contact time(5-60 min), the antibiotic concentration (5-25 mg/l), pH(3-10), hydrogen peroxide concentration (5-20 mg/l) and the input power (90- 300 W) of instrument in process, the reactor has been sampled in different intervals and the residue concentration to be used to detect with spectrophotometer instrument in 261 nm length wave. Results: the result have been showed that the separately use of UV and US will not take a high performance with the best removal percent of 16 and 32. Simultaneously use of US/UV/H2O2 cached a more highly reduction in tetracycline concentration and the best reduction was 83 removal that took place in pH= 4.5, antibiotic concentration of 10 mg/I, input power of 240 W, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 20 mg/l, time equal with 50 min. Conclusion: the result have been showed that the US/UV/H2O2 process can be used as a performance process to remove the tetracycline antibiotic from an aqueous environment

Biodegradation of Lignocelluloses in Sewage Sludge Composting and Vermicomposting

Please cite this article as: Alidadi H, Najafpour AA, Vafaee A, Parvaresh A, Peiravi R. Biodegradation of lignocelluloses in sewage sludge composting and vermicomposting. Arch Hyg Sci 2012;1(1):1-5. &nbsp; Aims of the Study: The aim of this study was to determine the amount of lignin degradation and biodegradation of organic matter and change of biomass under compost and vermicomposting of sewage sludge. Materials &amp;amp; Methods: Sawdust was added to sewage sludge at 1:3 weight bases to Carbon to Nitrogen ratio of 25:1 for composting or vermicomposting. Lignin and volatile solids were determined at different periods, of 0, 10, 30, 40 and 60 days of composting or vermicomposting period to determine the biodegradation of lignocellulose to lignin. Results were expressed as mean of two replicates and the comparisons among means were made using the least significant difference test calculated (p <0.05). Results: After 60 days of experiment period, the initial lignin increased from 3.46% to 4.48% for compost and 3.46% to 5.27% for vermicompost. Biodegradation of lignocellulose was very slow in compost and vermicompost processes. Vermicomposting is a much faster process than compost to convert lignocellulose to lignin (p <0.05). Conclusions: The organic matter losses in sewage sludge composting and vermicomposting are due to the degradation of the lignin fractions. By increasing compost age, the amount of volatile solids will decrease

Investigation of anaerobic co- digestion process effects on the removal of COD and TKN from Mashhad’s landfill leachate and cow dung

Introduction: Waste leachate contains hazardous organic compounds such as nitrogen compounds and high concentrations of poisonous compounds; the remediation of these pollutants from the environment is considered as a global problem. These pollutants make serious environmental problems through their penetration into groundwater and bioaccumulation. Therefore, leachate treatment is essential with suitable and appropriate methods. Anaerobic digestion is considered as one of the most cost-effective methods for this mean. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of an anaerobic digester in simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TKN from landfill leachate during the process of anaerobic co-digestion for landfill leachate and fresh cow dung. Materials and Methods: In this study, landfill leachate of Mashhad and cow dung was mixed in 3/1, 1/1 and 1/3 ratios. These treatments were exposed under anaerobic digestion with same conditions such as environmental temperature. COD and TKN were measured at the beginning and the end of the process. Results: In the control treatment, COD decreased about 5% and the reduction of TKN was 9.09%. Whilst COD reduction was about 65%, 75%, and 70% in the treatments of 3/1, 1/1 and 1/3 Ratio respectively. Also, TKN decreased 33.26, 82.16 and 84.73% in the 3/1, 1/1 and 1/3 Ratio correspondingly. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the applied method is an efficient and economical approach for elimination of COD and TKN from waste leachate. Because it not only is considered as an environmentally friendly method for this regard, but also it will also make economic benefits from methane production

Data on assessment of physical, chemical and biological characteristics of effluent from wastewater treatment in Torbat Heydarieh, Iran

Data on the chemical, physical and biological of effluent from wastewater treatment are provided in table format in the current article. Samples were taken in Peak Flows at effluent Treatment Plants. Sampling and tests were conducted according to the standards methods. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and excel program. Nickel metal showed higher amounts than the standards required for irrigation agricultural land. Data could be useful from environmental and agricultural sciences to those concerned about heavy metals, Alkalinity, EC, COD, BOD5 and Microbial concentrations threats. Keywords: Heavy metals, Effluent, Irrigation, Influent, Standar