366 research outputs found
Data Fusion of Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue for Detection of Mixed Edible-Oil
For the problem of the waste of the edible-oil in the food processing, on the premise of food security, they often need to add new edible-oil to the old frying oil which had been used in food processing to control the cost of the production. Due to the fact that the different additive proportion of the oil has different material and different volatile gases, we use fusion technology based on the electronic nose and electronic tongue to detect the blending ratio of the old frying oil and the new edible-oil in this paper. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to distinguish the different proportion of the old frying oil and new edible-oil; on the other hand we use partial least squares (PLS) to predict the blending ratio of the old frying oil and new edible-oil. Two conclusions were proposed: data fusion of electronic nose and electronic tongue can be used to detect the blending ratio of the old frying oil and new edible-oil; in contrast to single used electronic nose or single used electronic tongue, the detection effect has increased by using data fusion of electronic nose and electronic tongue
Decoding Taste Information in Human Brain: A Temporal and Spatial Reconstruction Data Augmentation Method Coupled with Taste EEG
For humans, taste is essential for perceiving food's nutrient content or
harmful components. The current sensory evaluation of taste mainly relies on
artificial sensory evaluation and electronic tongue, but the former has strong
subjectivity and poor repeatability, and the latter is not flexible enough.
This work proposed a strategy for acquiring and recognizing taste
electroencephalogram (EEG), aiming to decode people's objective perception of
taste through taste EEG. Firstly, according to the proposed experimental
paradigm, the taste EEG of subjects under different taste stimulation was
collected. Secondly, to avoid insufficient training of the model due to the
small number of taste EEG samples, a Temporal and Spatial Reconstruction Data
Augmentation (TSRDA) method was proposed, which effectively augmented the taste
EEG by reconstructing the taste EEG's important features in temporal and
spatial dimensions. Thirdly, a multi-view channel attention module was
introduced into a designed convolutional neural network to extract the
important features of the augmented taste EEG. The proposed method has accuracy
of 99.56%, F1-score of 99.48%, and kappa of 99.38%, proving the method's
ability to distinguish the taste EEG evoked by different taste stimuli
successfully. In summary, combining TSRDA with taste EEG technology provides an
objective and effective method for sensory evaluation of food taste.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, 30 references, article is being submitte
The inevitable role of El Ni~no: a fresh insight into the oil market
This paper explores the time-varying interaction between El Ni~no
phenomenon and the oil market by applying the wavelet analysis.
Few studies have explored the time-varying interrelationship
between El Ni~no phenomenon and oil price (also the prices of
petroleum products) by considering the time and frequency
domains, and this paper will fill the above gaps. The empirical
results reveal that El Ni~no index (NINO) which reflects the
strength of El Ni~no phenomenon has a negative influence on oil
price (OP) in the long run, but this view does not hold in the
short and medium terms. These results are not consistent with
the intertemporal capital asset pricing model (ICAPM), which indicates
that there is a positive influence from NINO to OP. In turn,
OP positively affects NINO in the medium term. Through comparing
the five petroleum products, we can conclude that heating oil
price (HOP) is the most relevant to NINO, while gasoline price
(GOP) and diesel fuel price (DOP) have relatively weak relationships
with it. Understanding the interactions between El Ni~no
phenomenon and the oil market can provide insights for the
investors, oil enterprises and related authorities
Data Fusion of Electronic Nose and Electronic Tongue for Discrimination of Chinese Liquors
The aim of this work is to improve the performance of electronic nose system and electronic tongue system by fusing the data of different sensor types, and a data fusion technique is presented in this paper. Eight different commercial brands of liquor were discriminated by using electronic nose and electronic tongue. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was applied on the data of electronic nose and electronic tongue respectively, the classification result was not good enough. However, the result was improved by using the data fusion technique. Therefore, this technique can enhance the ability of PCA. Bayesian classifier and Bayesian classifier based on PCA were used to further classify the samples, two conclusions were proposed: compared with the single application of electronic tongue or electronic nose, the fusion technique has improved the classification accuracy; in contrast with the Bayesian classification, Bayesian classification based on PCA method has increased the classification speed trebly
Multicriteria VMAT optimization
Purpose: To make the planning of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)
faster and to explore the tradeoffs between planning objectives and delivery
efficiency.
Methods: A convex multicriteria dose optimization problem is solved for an
angular grid of 180 equi-spaced beams. This allows the planner to navigate the
ideal dose distribution Pareto surface and select a plan of desired target
coverage versus organ at risk sparing. The selected plan is then made VMAT
deliverable by a fluence map merging and sequencing algorithm, which combines
neighboring fluence maps based on a similarity score and then delivers the
merged maps together, simplifying delivery. Successive merges are made as long
as the dose distribution quality is maintained. The complete algorithm is
called VMERGE.
Results: VMERGE is applied to three cases: a prostate, a pancreas, and a
brain. In each case, the selected Pareto-optimal plan is matched almost exactly
with the VMAT merging routine, resulting in a high quality plan delivered with
a single arc in less than five minutes on average.
VMERGE offers significant improvements over existing VMAT algorithms. The
first is the multicriteria planning aspect, which greatly speeds up planning
time and allows the user to select the plan which represents the most desirable
compromise between target coverage and organ at risk sparing. The second is the
user-chosen epsilon-optimality guarantee of the final VMAT plan. Finally, the
user can explore the tradeoff between delivery time and plan quality, which is
a fundamental aspect of VMAT that cannot be easily investigated with current
commercial planning systems
A Pontine Region is a Neural Correlate of the Human Affective Processing Network
The in vivo neural activity of the pons during the perception of affective stimuli has not been studied despite the strong implications of its role in affective processing. To examine the activity of the pons during the viewing of affective stimuli, and to verify its functional and structural connectivity with other affective neural correlates, a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging methodology was employed in this study. We observed the in vivo activity of the pons when viewing affective stimuli. Furthermore, small-world connectivity indicated that the functional connectivity (FC) between the pons and the cortico-limbic affective regions was meaningful, with the coefficient λ being positively associated with self-reported emotional reactivity. The FC between the pons and the cortico-limbic-striatal areas was related to self-reported negative affect. Corroborating this finding was the observation that the tract passing through the pons and the left hippocampus was negatively related to self-reported positive affect and positively correlated with emotional reactivity. Our findings support the framework that the pons works conjunctively with the distributed cortico-limbic-striatal systems in shaping individuals' affective states and reactivity. Our work paves the path for future research on the contribution of the pons to the precipitation and maintenance of affective disorders.published_or_final_versio
Sensitivity analysis for lexicographic ordering in radiation therapy treatment planning
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134937/1/mp0218.pd
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Deciphering the genetic basis for polyketide variation among mycobacteria producing mycolactones.
BACKGROUND: Mycolactones are immunosuppressive and cytotoxic polyketides, comprising five naturally occurring structural variants (named A/B, C, D, E and F), produced by different species of very closely related mycobacteria including the human pathogen, Mycobacterium ulcerans. In M. ulcerans strain Agy99, mycolactone A/B is produced by three highly homologous type I polyketide megasynthases (PKS), whose genes (mlsA1: 51 kb, mlsA2: 7.2 kb and mlsB: 42 kb) are found on a 174 kb plasmid, known as pMUM001. RESULTS: We report here comparative genomic analysis of pMUM001, the complete DNA sequence of a 190 kb megaplasmid (pMUM002) from Mycobacterium liflandii 128FXT and partial sequence of two additional pMUM replicons, combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis. These data reveal how PKS module and domain differences affecting MlsB correlate with the production of mycolactones E and F. For mycolactone E these differences from MlsB in M. ulcerans Agy99 include replacement of the AT domain of the loading module (acetate to propionate) and the absence of an entire extension module. For mycolactone F there is also a reduction of one extension module but also a swap of ketoreductase domains that explains the characteristic stereochemistry of the two terminal side-chain hydroxyls, an arrangement unique to mycolactone F CONCLUSION: The mycolactone PKS locus on pMUM002 revealed the same large, three-gene structure and extraordinary pattern of near-identical PKS domain sequence repetition as observed in pMUM001 with greater than 98.5% nucleotide identity among domains of the same function. Intra- and inter-strain comparisons suggest that the extreme sequence homogeneity seen among the mls PKS genes is caused by frequent recombination-mediated domain replacement. This work has shed light on the evolution of mycolactone biosynthesis among an unusual group of mycobacteria and highlights the potential of the mls locus to become a toolbox for combinatorial PKS biochemistry.RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are
The efficacy of mitochondrial targeting antiresistant epirubicin liposomes in treating resistant leukemia in animals
Ying Men*, Xiao-Xing Wang*, Ruo-Jing Li, Yan Zhang, Wei Tian, Hong-Juan Yao, Rui-Jun Ju, Xue Ying, Jia Zhou, Nan Li, Liang Zhang, Yang Yu, Wan-Liang LuState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this manuscriptBackground: Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancers can be circumvented by inducing programmed cell death, which is known as apoptosis. Mitochondria play a crucial role in apoptosis. Mitochondria-specific therapy would provide an efficient strategy for treating resistant cancers.Design and methods: A strategy was proposed here to overcome MDR by designing cancer mitochondria-specific drug-loaded liposomes, namely, antiresistant epirubicin mitosomes, aimed at treating resistant leukemia by targeting mitochondria. Evaluations were performed on human chronic leukemia K562, MDR K562/ADR cells, and female BALB/c nude mice xenografted with MDR K562/ADR cells. The liposomes were characterized through assays of cytotoxicity, mitochondrial targeting, caspase-9 and caspase-3, antitumor activities, and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) analysis.Results: The average size of antiresistant epirubicin mitosomes was in the range of 105–115 nm. Antiresistant epirubicin mitosomes were effective in inhibiting proliferation of MDR K562/ADR cells in vitro and selectively accumulated into the mitochondria. Caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity was increased after applying antiresistant epirubicin mitosomes. In xenografted resistant MDR K562/ADR tumor in nude mice, antiresistant tumor effect of antiresistant epirubicin mitosomes was evidently observed. Apoptotic inducing effects by antiresistant epirubicin mitosomes were noticeably evidenced via mitochondrial pathway.Conclusions: Antiresistant epirubicin mitosomes had significant inhibitory effect against resistant leukemia in vitro and in vivo, hence providing a promising strategy for improving therapeutic efficacy in resistant human leukemia.Keywords: mitosomes, mitochondria signaling pathway, nude mic
Does social media usage matter? An analysis of online practices and digital media perceptions of communication practitioners in Europe
A key aspect for understanding and explaining online communication is the micro level of communication practitionersâ social media usage and their general attitudes towards digital platforms. This paper investigates how public relations practitioner's personal and professional use of social media is related to their perceptions of social media. A quantitative methodology was applied to perform this research. A population of 2710 professionals from 43 European countries working on different hierarchical levels both in communication departments and agencies across Europe were surveyed as part of a larger transnational online survey. Results show that practitioners with a high level of usage of social media give more importance to social media channels, influence of social media on internal and external stakeholders and relevance of key gatekeepers and stakeholders along with a better self-estimation of competences. Issues about diverse levels of overestimation of social media use, application and importance in the professional arena are also debated
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