853 research outputs found
Principles of procedural support in man-machine systems
Two alternative ways of embedding human performance models into man-machine systems exist, namely embedding them directly into the man-machine interface or into the technical system proper as a decision support. The boundary between these two solutions is rather fuzzy and their simultaneous application could also be reasonable and effective
Reclaiming human machine nature
Extending and modifying his domain of life by artifact production is one of
the main characteristics of humankind. From the first hominid, who used a wood
stick or a stone for extending his upper limbs and augmenting his gesture
strength, to current systems engineers who used technologies for augmenting
human cognition, perception and action, extending human body capabilities
remains a big issue. From more than fifty years cybernetics, computer and
cognitive sciences have imposed only one reductionist model of human machine
systems: cognitive systems. Inspired by philosophy, behaviorist psychology and
the information treatment metaphor, the cognitive system paradigm requires a
function view and a functional analysis in human systems design process.
According that design approach, human have been reduced to his metaphysical and
functional properties in a new dualism. Human body requirements have been left
to physical ergonomics or "physiology". With multidisciplinary convergence, the
issues of "human-machine" systems and "human artifacts" evolve. The loss of
biological and social boundaries between human organisms and interactive and
informational physical artifact questions the current engineering methods and
ergonomic design of cognitive systems. New developpment of human machine
systems for intensive care, human space activities or bio-engineering sytems
requires grounding human systems design on a renewed epistemological framework
for future human systems model and evidence based "bio-engineering". In that
context, reclaiming human factors, augmented human and human machine nature is
a necessityComment: Published in HCI International 2014, Heraklion : Greece (2014
A study of the Resilience Analysis Grid method and its applicability to the water sector in England and Wales
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.This paper presents an adaptation of the Resilience Analysis Grid (RAG) method framed on the Resilience Engineering theory as a proposal for tackling the lack of organisational resilience metrics in the water sector of England and Wales. The method was adapted to the sector by selecting 16 indicators and the addition of a âResilience Ethosâ section to the grid. Its applicability was tested by analysing the evolution of resilience in Ofwatâs Price Reviews 2009 (PR09), 2014 (PR14) and 2019 (PR19). Key conclusions obtained were that: (I) PR14 acts as a pivot between PR09 and PR19, as it installs a new regulatory approach; (II) the sector has advanced significantly towards greater consideration of resilience and its management in PR19; and, (III) the PRs lack instruments for inâperiod performance assessment. The RAG method proved to be simple and flexible to use, delivering clear and straightforward graphical results.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilNorthumbrian Water LtdUniversity of Exete
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