9 research outputs found

    Minimization of the worst-case average energy consumption in UAV-assisted IoT networks

    No full text
    Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) brings connectivity to a massive number of devices that demand energy-efficient solutions to deal with limited battery capacities, uplink-dominant traffic, and channel impairments. In this work, we explore the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with configurable antennas as a flexible solution for serving low-power IoT networks. We formulate an optimization problem to set the position and antenna beamwidth of the UAV, and the transmit power of the IoT devices subject to average-Signal-to-average-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (S̄INR) Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. We minimize the worst-case average energy consumption of the latter, thus, targeting the fairest allocation of the energy resources. The problem is non-convex and highly non-linear; therefore, we re-formulate it as a series of three geometric programs that can be solved iteratively. Results reveal the benefits of planning the network compared to a random deployment in terms of reducing the worst-case average energy consumption. Furthermore, we show that the target S̄INR is limited by the number of IoT devices, and highlight the dominant impact of the UAV hovering height when serving wider areas. Our proposed algorithm outperforms other optimization benchmarks in terms of minimizing the average energy consumption at the most energy-demanding IoT device, and convergence time

    Estudo dos efeitos genéticos e de meio ambiente sobre a produção de leite e gordura da raça holandês no estado do Rio Grande do Sul Genetics and environmental effects upon production traits of holstein herds in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

    No full text
    Com o objetivo de identificar alguns fatores de ambiente capazes de alterar o desempenho produtivo da raça Holandês e estimar parâmetros genéticos foram analisados os registros de produção, fornecidos pela Associação de Criadores de Gado Holandês do Rio Grande do Sul, de 4085 lactações, de 2295 vacas, filhas de 172 touros, distribuídas em 42 rebanhos em quatro diferentes regiões do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 1988 a 1994. As médias, desvios-padrão e coeficientes de variação de produção de leite (PL) e produção de gordura (PG) foram, respectivamente, 5672&plusmn;1513kg, 27% e 188&plusmn;57kg, 30%. Os fatores ambientais foram analisados incluindo no modelo, como variáveis independentes, os efeitos de região, rebanho dentro da região, ordem de lactação e ano de parição e como variáveis dependentes, as produções de leite e gordura ajustadas para 305 dias. A análise de variância efetuada pelo método dos quadrados mínimos, revelou a significância de todas as variáveis independentes incluídas no modelo sobre as características de produção estudadas. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados utilizando-se o programa MTDFREML de BOLDMAN et al. (1995), através do método da máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML). Adotando-se um modelo animal multivariado o efeito aleatório de animal e os efeitos fixos de região, rebanho, ano-época de parição e ordem de lactação. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade estimados para PL e PG em 305 dias de lactação foram 0,19 e 0,17, respectivamente. A correlação gentica entre PL e PG foi estimada em 0,95.<br>In order to evaluate the impact of environmental and genetics effects upon production traits, information used in this study was obtained from 4085 lactations of Holstein cows, daughters of 172 sires, out of 42 herds, from 1988-1994, whose farms were located in four different geographical regions, in the southern, Brazil. The environmental effects were analysed by the Least square analyses. The statistical model included fixed effects (region, herds by region, lactation order and season of the year) and dependent variables milk yield (MY) and fat yield (FY). Means, standard deviation and variations coefficients for MY and FY were respectively, 5672&plusmn;1513kg, 27% and 188&plusmn;57kg, 30%. There was significant effect to all variables studied. The genetic parameters were estimate using the MTDFREML Program (BOLDMAN et al., 1995) in a model using the fixed effects of region, herd, lactation order and year-season and random effects of the animal on milk and fat yield. The heritability estimates for milk yield (MY) and fat yield (FY) ajusted to 305 days of lactation were 0.19 and 0.17, respectively. The genetic correlation coefficient for MY x FY was 0.95
    corecore