Susceptibility of Arcobacter butzleri isolates to 23 antimicrobial agents

Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of Arcobacter butzleri isolates to various antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of infectious diseases in humans and animals.AbstractAims: The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of Arcobacter butzleri isolates to various antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of infectious diseases in humans and animals.Methods and Results: Thirty-nine A. butzleri strains isolated from broiler chickens were tested for their susceptibility to 23 antimicrobial agents using a disc diffusion method. All isolates were resistant to aztreonam, cefuroxime sodium, cephalothin, orbenin, oxacillin, penicillin G and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazol. Of the 39 isolates tested, 26 were also found resistant to amoxycillin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid and ampicillin. One isolate was resistant to, and four showed intermediate level of resistance to, erythromycin. All isolates were susceptible to amikacin, chloramphenicol, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, tetracyclines and tobramycin.Conclusions: The majority of the isolates were found resistant to antibiotics commonly used for the treatment of infectious bacterial diseases in humans and animals.Significance and Impact of the Study: This study shows that A. butzleri strains vary in their resistance to certain kinds of antibiotics and caution should be taken when choosing a suitable antibiotic for the treatment of disease(s) caused by this organism.</p

The isolation and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni subsp jejuni from domestic geese (Anser anser)

Aims: The objectives of this study were to determine the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in free range domestic geese, and to characterize isolated strains using phenotyping criteria and SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins.Aims: The objectives of this study were to determine the presence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in free range domestic geese, and to characterize isolated strains using phenotyping criteria and SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins.Methods and Results: Forty cloacal swabs from two different flocks of domestic geese were examined. All Camp. jejuni strains isolated from geese were biotyped using the Lior biotyping scheme. Twelve Camp. jejuni isolates were also tested for their susceptibility to 17 different antibacterial agents by a disc diffusion method. Fourteen of the isolates were also subjected to SDS-PAGE. All of the geese examined were found to harbour Camp. jejuni. Six geese carried more than one species of Campylobacter. All strains examined were susceptible to various antibiotics but resistant to penicillin G and cephalothin. Eleven strains (92%) were resistant to sodium cefuroxime, and eight (67%) were resistant to cloxacillin, ampicillin and colistin sulphate. Three strains (25%) were resistant to tetracycline, and one strain was resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and kanamycin. Nine strains were subtyped as Camp. jejuni subsp. jejuni biotype II and the remaining ones as biotype I. There were 96% and 100% similarities between all the strains examined by SDS-PAGE.Conclusions: This study showed that Camp. jejuni were common in the intestinal tract of domestic geese.Significance and Impact of the Study: Geese should be considered as potential reservoirs for human and animal campylobacteriosis. The antibiotic resistance data from this study also showed that fluoroquinolone resistance, which appears to be a problem in poultry isolates in some countries, is not yet a problem in these geese

The prevalence of Arcobacter spp. on chicken carcasses sold in retail markets in Turkey, and identification of the isolates using SDS-PAGE

In this study, the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. on chicken carcasses sold in various retail markets in Turkey was investigated. The isolates were characterized and identified using various phenotypic and molecular tests. The membrane filtration technique employing 0.45-mum pore size membrane filters laid onto a nonselective blood agar was used after enrichment in Oxoid Arcobacter Enrichment Broth (AEB) to examine a total of 75 chicken carcasses (44 fresh and 31 frozen). Species level identification was performed using SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins and a recently developed multiplex-PCR assay. All isolates were identified as Arcobacter butzleri. Of the 44 fresh chicken carcasses examined, 42 (95%) were positive for A. butzleri. A. butzleri was also recovered from seven (23%) of the 31 frozen carcasses examined. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.In this study, the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. on chicken carcasses sold in various retail markets in Turkey was investigated. The isolates were characterized and identified using various phenotypic and molecular tests. The membrane filtration technique employing 0.45-microm pore size membrane filters laid onto a nonselective blood agar was used after enrichment in Oxoid Arcobacter Enrichment Broth (AEB) to examine a total of 75 chicken carcasses (44 fresh and 31 frozen). Species level identification was performed using SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins and a recently developed multiplex-PCR assay. All isolates were identified as Arcobacter butzleri. Of the 44 fresh chicken carcasses examined, 42 (95%) were positive for A. butzleri. A. butzleri was also recovered from seven (23%) of the 31 frozen carcasses examined

Presence of Campylobacter (C-jejuni) in recreational, lake and stream water and fresh fish in Turkey

WOS: 000232142700003The occurence of Campylobacter (C.) jejuni was studied in recreational lake and stream water and fresh fish during the months of April to June 2004 in the Kars district of Turkey. In total, 54 water samples were analyzed, 21 of which were from lake water (Cildir lake) and 21 were from stream water (Kars stream). Twelve samples were from untreated drinking water tabs. A total of 75 fresh fish (Capoeta capoeta capoeta, Capoeta trutta, Alburnoides bipunctatus, Leuciscus cephalus) samples that were caught from the same lake or stream were also analyzed. C. jejuni was detected by culturing in one sample out of 21 water samples from Cildir lake, at the level of 4.76 % with the value of 0.36 MPN/ml. Out of 21 water samples from Kars stream, 3 (14.28 %) were positive for C. jejuni. Values varied from <0.30 MPN/ml to 0.36 MPN/ml. No C. jejuni was detected in 12 unchlorinated drinking water samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the internal organs of 2.66 % (2 samples) of the fish examined. This is the first study in the region indicating water sources as a risk factor. In this case, even we could not isolate C. jejuni from untreated drinking water, C. jejuni was isolated from lake and stream water. Therefore, it was concluded that it is hazardous to use untreated surface water for drinking. Care should be taken regarding the use of these water sources even for only domestic purposes because there may be a threat to the health and well-being of users. Furthermore, contamination of agricultural products via irrigation has to be prevented

The Family Campylobacteraceae

The Campylobacteraceae is the largest and most diverse family in the phylogenetically distinct Epsilonproteobacteria, presently comprising the genera Campylobacter (30 taxa), Arcobacter (17 taxa), and Sulfurospirillum (7 taxa). Individual species may be able to grow in microaerobic, anaerobic, and/or aerobic conditions, in temperatures from 25°C to 42°C; free-living, commensal, or pathogenic; motile or aflagellate; and able to colonize the oral cavity, intestine, stomach, or reproductive tracts of humans, large production animals (such as sheep, cattle, and deer), birds, and reptiles. Some species are known to be among the most frequent causes of human gastroenteritis, others are significant threats to bovine and ovine fertility, and many pose an as-yet unknown, or no, role in human or animal diseases. The taxonomy of the Campylobacteraceae has evolved extensively since its beginnings in 1963. This chapter outlines key events in the family's taxonomic history; reviews general phenotypic traits of each genus, including their isolation; outlines the clinical (including pathogenicity studies and antimicrobial resistance traits) and/or ecological significance of constituent species; and describes current approaches and challenges for species identification and epidemiological subtyping