Análisis de las depreciaciones extremas del tipo de cambio de México a partir del Proceso Poisson No Homogéneo

Se presenta una modelación estadística de las depreciaciones extremas del tipo de cambio nominal del peso mexicano frente al dólar estadounidense a partir de la validación del supuesto de Proceso de Poisson No Homogéneo (PPNH) en el periodo 1990-2010. Los resultados empíricos muestran fuerte evidencia que para incrementos del tipo de cambio mensual mayores a 2.0%, el empleo del ppnh es adecuado, no así para otros niveles de aumento. Además utilizando una función de valor medio del ppnh tipo Weibull se encontró que la probabilidad de ocurrencia de una depreciación superior a 2.0% en un mes es de 33% y en un trimestre de 67%.Se presenta una modelación estadística de las depreciaciones extremas del tipo de cambio nominal del peso mexicano frente al dólar estadounidense a partir de la validación del supuesto de Proceso de Poisson No Homogéneo (ppnh) en el periodo 1990-2010. Los resultados empíricos muestran fuerte evidencia que para incrementos del tipo de cambio mensual mayores a 2.0%, el empleo del ppnh es adecuado, no así para otros niveles de aumento. Además utilizando una función de valor medio del ppnh tipo Weibull se encontró que la probabilidad de ocurrencia de una depreciación superior a 2.0% en un mes es de 33% y en un trimestre de 67%

Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation and History of Acute Coronary Syndromes: Insights from GARFIELD-AF

BACKGROUND: Many patients with atrial fibrillation have concomitant coronary artery disease with or without acute coronary syndromes and are in need of additional antithrombotic therapy. There are few data on the long-term clinical outcome of atrial fibrillation patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome. This is a 2-year study of atrial fibrillation patients with or without a history of acute coronary syndromes

Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes

BACKGROUND: Statin therapy reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and the risk of cardiovascular events, but whether the addition of ezetimibe, a nonstatin drug that reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption, can reduce the rate of cardiovascular events further is not known. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomized trial involving 18,144 patients who had been hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome within the preceding 10 days and had LDL cholesterol levels of 50 to 100 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 2.6 mmol per liter) if they were receiving lipid-lowering therapy or 50 to 125 mg per deciliter (1.3 to 3.2 mmol per liter) if they were not receiving lipid-lowering therapy. The combination of simvastatin (40 mg) and ezetimibe (10 mg) (simvastatin-ezetimibe) was compared with simvastatin (40 mg) and placebo (simvastatin monotherapy). The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring rehospitalization, coronary revascularization ( 6530 days after randomization), or nonfatal stroke. The median follow-up was 6 years. RESULTS: The median time-weighted average LDL cholesterol level during the study was 53.7 mg per deciliter (1.4 mmol per liter) in the simvastatin-ezetimibe group, as compared with 69.5 mg per deciliter (1.8 mmol per liter) in the simvastatin-monotherapy group (P<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier event rate for the primary end point at 7 years was 32.7% in the simvastatin-ezetimibe group, as compared with 34.7% in the simvastatin-monotherapy group (absolute risk difference, 2.0 percentage points; hazard ratio, 0.936; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.99; P = 0.016). Rates of pre-specified muscle, gallbladder, and hepatic adverse effects and cancer were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: When added to statin therapy, ezetimibe resulted in incremental lowering of LDL cholesterol levels and improved cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, lowering LDL cholesterol to levels below previous targets provided additional benefit