Microscopic conditions favoring itinerant ferromagnetism: Hund's rule coupling and orbital degeneracy

The importance of Hund's rule coupling for the stabilization of itinerant ferromagnetism is investigated within a two-band Hubbard model. The magnetic phase diagram is calculated by finite-temperature quantum Monte Carlo simulations within the dynamical mean-field theory. Ferromagnetism is found in a broad range of electron fillings whereas antiferromagnetism exists only near half filling. The possibility of orbital ordering at quarter filling is also analyzed.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, RevTeX, final version contains an additional phase diagram for smaller Hund's rule coupling. to appear in Eur. Phys. J. B (1998

Correlated-Electron Theory of Strongly Anisotropic Metamagnets

We present the first correlated-electron theory of metamagnetism in strongly anisotropic antiferromagnets. Quantum-Monte-Carlo techniques are used to calculate the field vs. temperature phase diagram of the infinite-dimensional Hubbard model with easy axis. A metamagnetic transition scenario with 1.~order and 2.~order phase transitions is found. The apparent similarities to the phase diagram of FeBr$_2$ and to mean-field results for the Ising model with competing interactions are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX + one uuencoded ps-file including 3 figure

Transgenic expression of the Ly49A natural killer cell receptor confers class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-specific inhibition and prevents bone marrow allograft rejection.

Natural killer (NK) cells and some T cells are endowed with receptors specific for class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules that can inhibit cellular effector functions. The function of the Ly49 receptor family has been studied in vitro, but no gene transfer experiments have directly established the role of these receptors in NK cell functions. We show here that transgenic expression of the H-2Dd-specific Ly49A receptor in all NK cells and T cells conferred class I-specific inhibition of NK cell-mediated target cell lysis as well as of T cell proliferation. Furthermore, transgene expression prevented NK cell-mediated rejection of allogeneic H-2d bone marrow grafts by irradiated mice. These results demonstrate the function and specificity of Ly49 receptors in vivo, and establish that their subset-specific expression is necessary for the discrimination of MHC-different cells by NK cells in unmanipulated mice

Review of Session 7: non-cancer risk

Astronauts in space and cancer patients being treated with ion beam radiotherapy can be exposed to charged particle radiations including energetic protons and heavy ions. These charged particles may be more effective than photons in inducing cancer as well as in causing non-cancer effects. The latter include acute damage from large solar particle events to the blood-forming organs and skin, acute and (from heavier ions) late damage to the central nervous system, and late degenerative damage to the lens of the eye and the cardiovascular, circulatory and respiratory systems. The presentations in this session discussed a number of non-cancer effects of protons and heavier charged particles including acute hematopoietic alterations, potentially detrimental cardiovascular and circulatory effects, and lifespan shortening

Synthetic aperture radar target simulator

A simulator for simulating the radar return, or echo, from a target seen by a SAR antenna mounted on a platform moving with respect to the target is described. It includes a first-in first-out memory which has digital information clocked in at a rate related to the frequency of a transmitted radar signal and digital information clocked out with a fixed delay defining range between the SAR and the simulated target, and at a rate related to the frequency of the return signal. An RF input signal having a frequency similar to that utilized by a synthetic aperture array radar is mixed with a local oscillator signal to provide a first baseband signal having a frequency considerably lower than that of the RF input signal

Non-perturbative approaches to magnetism in strongly correlated electron systems

The microscopic basis for the stability of itinerant ferromagnetism in correlated electron systems is examined. To this end several routes to ferromagnetism are explored, using both rigorous methods valid in arbitrary spatial dimensions, as well as Quantum Monte Carlo investigations in the limit of infinite dimensions (dynamical mean-field theory). In particular we discuss the qualitative and quantitative importance of (i) the direct Heisenberg exchange coupling, (ii) band degeneracy plus Hund's rule coupling, and (iii) a high spectral density near the band edges caused by an appropriate lattice structure and/or kinetic energy of the electrons. We furnish evidence of the stability of itinerant ferromagnetism in the pure Hubbard model for appropriate lattices at electronic densities not too close to half-filling and large enough $U$. Already a weak direct exchange interaction, as well as band degeneracy, is found to reduce the critical value of $U$ above which ferromagnetism becomes stable considerably. Using similar numerical techniques the Hubbard model with an easy axis is studied to explain metamagnetism in strongly anisotropic antiferromagnets from a unifying microscopic point of view.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, and 6 postscript figures; Z. Phys. B, in pres

External calibration of SIR-B imagery with area-extended and point targets

Data-takes on two ascending orbits of the Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) over an agricultural test site in west-central Illinois were used to establish end-to-end transfer functions for conversion of the digital numbers on the 8-bit image to values of the radar backscattering coefficient sigma sup 0 (sq m/sq. m) in dB. The transfer function for each data-take was defined by the SIR-B response to an array of six calibrated point targets of known radar cross-section (transponders) and to a large number of area-extended targets also with known radar cross-section as measured by externally calibrated, truck-mounted scatterometers. The radar cross-section of each transponder at the SIR-B center frequency was measured on an antenna range as a function of local angle of incidence. Two truck-mounted scatterometers observed 20 to 80 agricultural fields daily at 1.6 GHz with HH polarization and at azimuth viewing angles and incidence angles equivalent to those of the SIR-B. The form of the transfer function is completely defined by the SIR-B receiver and the incoherent averaging procedure incorporated into production of the standard SIR-B image product

ProteoClade: A taxonomic toolkit for multi-species and metaproteomic analysis

We present ProteoClade, a Python toolkit that performs taxa-specific peptide assignment, protein inference, and quantitation for multi-species proteomics experiments. ProteoClade scales to hundreds of millions of protein sequences, requires minimal computational resources, and is open source, multi-platform, and accessible to non-programmers. We demonstrate its utility for processing quantitative proteomic data derived from patient-derived xenografts and its speed and scalability enable a novel de novo proteomic workflow for complex microbiota samples

NASA/JPL Aircraft SAR Workshop Proceedings

Speaker-supplied summaries of the talks given at the NASA/JPL Aircraft SAR Workshop on February 4 and 5, 1985, are provided. These talks dealt mostly with composite quadpolarization imagery from a geologic or ecologic prespective. An overview and summary of the system characteristics of the L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) flown on the NASA CV-990 aircraft are included as supplementary information. Other topics ranging from phase imagery and interferometric techniques classifications of specific areas, and the potentials and limitations of SAR imagery in various applications are discussed