Can we subscribe to this please?: realizing a core journal collection for the University of Sussex

In 2005, like many HE institutions, the University of Sussex Library was confronting the problems of resourcing journal provision to support its teaching and research. These included increasing costs (with wide discrepancies of price across the subjects), the potential increase in access of content (such as NESLi2 consortia, deals, etc.), greater interdisciplinary research and a requirement for more non‐traditional academic titles. This was coupled with an expectation from students and staff that the Library should be responding to the explosion in availability of online journal content. It was concluded that the existing budgetary model and method of reviewing subscriptions was becoming very cumbersome and not up to the task.It became essential to formulate an innovatory method by which the Library could be confident that its journal collections supported the teaching and research work at the University. This article will detail the steps taken in the last two years to deal with this

Redrawing the line: challenging the publisher-library relationship

Within the scholarly ecosystem academia, libraries and publishers have evolved together over the last 150 years into an established order of publishing and dissemination. Massive changes in technology,disruptive publishing models and the globalisation of education have meant that this accepted order is being significantly challenged. This article outlines how the University of Sussex Library is working with SAGE publishing to develop a trusted relationship and an alternative space (both physical and metaphorical) for conversations and collaboration

Working differently: an account of how a library-publisher partnership can enhance trust and value

Exploring the features of the unique partnership set up between SAGE and the University of Sussex in 2010, this article outlines some of the outcomes and how they have added value to the work and experiences of both the library and the publisher. With the changing models of delivery in scholarly communication and the shifting funding arrangements for higher education in the UK, this collaboration was – and is – an innovative and unprecedented attempt to understand the pressures and current priorities of our respective professions. Lessons learned from the experience as well as future possibilities are covered in order to demonstrate the value gained from working together differently

Outside Evaluation of Conecticut\u27s Family Resource Centers : Final report

In 193, the Connecticut State Department of Education received federal support for the activities of nine existing Family Resource Centers (FRC) and for funding new FRCs. The FRCs were based on the premise that many childhood and adolescent problems can be prevented by strengthening effective family management practices and establishing a continuum of child care and support services linked to public schools or located in public school buildings. This report details the evaluation of the 18 school-based/linked FRCs, describing their structure and contexts, examining evidence of service use, and presenting information on the effects of the FRCs on families and schools. Chapter 1 presents the service delivery model, describes the core services, and describes the evaluation plan. Chapters 2 through 5 summarize findings related to the following areas: (1) structure of core services, service delivery, financial supports, and staffing characteristics; (2) processes used to deliver services in a school-based/linked setting, including collaborative arrangements; (3) use of FRC services; (4) impacts of FRCs on families and children; and (5) impact of FRCs on schools. Chapter 6 discuses the patterns observed that reflect the implementation of the FRC service delivery model and implications for delivering comprehensive integrated services to families. This chapter also presents recommendations for sustaining the school-based/linked delivery model of the FRCs at meaningful levels. Chapter 7 presents profiles of the 18 FRCs, including their setting, service delivery arrangements, primary collaborative arrangements, and the school relationship. Nine appendices include a description of the Evaluation Support System and data collection instruments. (KB

Wind tunnel studies of circulation control elliptical airfoils

Effects of blown jets on the lift and drag of cambered elliptical airfoils are described. Performance changes due to a splitter plate attached to the lower surface of an elliptical airfoil near the trailing edge with and without blowing are indicated. Lift and drag characteristics of airfoils with two blown jets are compared with airfoils with single blowing jets. Airfoil designs that vary the location of a second jet relative to a fixed jet are described

Dreamscape

Inspired by the allure of nature, I perpetually seek to surround myself with flowing organic forms, specifically seedpods. I form copper sheet into three-dimensional forms that mimic the sensuous shapes and curving lines of seedpods. It is the inherent organic quality of metal forming that brings forth musings from nature. I have chosen this method to mimic the seedpods influenced by my journey, dream, and childhood memories that make up my thesis installation

Cope, Cooperate, Combat: Civilian Responses to Union Occupation in Saline County, Missouri, During the Civil War

The Union occupation of Saline County, Missouri, during the Civil War brought many challenges to the civilian population. Civilians responded to the federal presence in a variety of ways: a few citizens coped with the situation, most cooperated in the face of an immediate threat, and others combated the federal incursion ruthlessly. A violent cycle of resistance and retaliation erupted between the pro-Confederate civilians and guerillas and the federals. Federal attempts to punish the Confederate enemy and to stabilize society encouraged more resistance. Faced with increasing defiance, the Union hardened policies. The presence of two rival forces in the county sharply divided the people\u27s sympathies, destroying neutrality. Those who remained loyal to the Union suffered grievously since the Union failed to stabilize the situation and to protect them from guerrilla attacks. Some civilians cooperated with both Union soldiers and guerrillas; however, this ambiguity only made them targets for both sides. Furthermore, Union forces tried to subordinate the pro-Confederate population by seizing local law, disrupting gender norms and familial structures, and inverting class, racial, and ethnic hierarchies, which initiated a complete dismantling of the antebellum southern social structure. By 1865, the citizens of Saline County, the majority of which had favored moderation and compromise before the war, had had their way of life destroyed by years of Union hostility and guerrilla violence: yet, hope remained

The Sixth Amendment Right to Effective Counsel: What Does It Mean Today?

I. Introduction II. The Problem III. Supreme Court Cases IV. Standards of the Federal Circuit Courts … A. Farce and Mockery Standard … B. Reasonableness Standard … C. Criticisms of the Reasonableness Standards V. Retained v. Appointed Counsel VI. Automatic Reversal v. Harmless Error VII. Burden of Proof VIII. Conclusio

PFAS Removals and Increases in the Effluent of Thirteen New Hampshire Wastewater Treatment Facilities Due to the Effects of Biological Treatment Processes

PROPOSAL/ABSTRACT: Perfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, are an emerging contaminant of concern in environmental engineering. This group of chemicals has been used by manufacturers since the 1940s due to their desirable waterproofing qualities. They also have a high chemical stability at high temperatures, which makes treatment difficult. A large variety of manufactured items contain PFAS, such as fabrics and apparel, non-stick items, and food wrappers. Recently, these compounds have come under question due to studies supporting harmful health effects, such as low birthweight, cancer, thyroid hormone disruption, and a weakened immune system. Due to their chemical structure, PFAS compounds are difficult to treat for, but some methods are available. Current treatment and transformation processes for PFAS include activated carbon sorption, oxidation, reduction with aqueous iodide or dithionate and sulfate, thermal destruction or degradation, microbial treatment, and others such as ozonation (Merino et al., 2016). Microbial treatment can occur during biological treatment in wastewater treatment plants and can vary depending on the processes used. PFAS compounds can enter the wastewater system from a variety of sources and undergo biodegradation before being distributed between effluent and sludge. This study will aim to examine how different biological treatment processes impact PFAS removal and effluent concentrations. 1.2. Background: PFAS compounds enter the wastewater system from industries, household products and clothing, and from the environment through runoff and groundwater. Another source is landfill leachate, which contains large concentrations of PFAS due to the many products that contain or used to contain them being discarded. Not all wastewater treatment plants accept landfill leachate, so the previous statement only applies to those that do. In many past studies, such as the following one, it has been shown that PFOA and PFOS concentrations increase between influent and effluent due to the degradation compounds during treatment processes. In biological treatment, microbes break down polyfluoroalkyl substances into perfluoroalkyl ones, which explains the concentration increase between influent and effluent (Merino et al., 2016). A 2005 study by Wang et al. observed the effects of biotransformation on 8:2 FTOH in a series of bottles with bacterial cultures mixed with activated sludge in aerobic and anaerobic environments (Sáez et al., 2008). Results supported that the 8:2 FTOH was ultimately being biodegraded into PFOA using the byproduct 7:3 FTCA as a substrate for beta oxidation (Butt et al., 2014). PFOA can then further degrade into short-chain compounds, such as HFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, and PFHpA. PFOS can degrade into PFBS and HFBA (Huang and Jaffé, 2019). These results support the previously proposed statement that activated sludge systems biodegrade polyfluoroalkyl substances to perfluoroalkyl ones. An analysis done on 19 Australian WWTPs found that there was an increase in PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, and PFDA from influent to effluent (Coggan et al., 2019). This statement supports the biodegradation pathway of PFOA as a determinant of PFAS compounds present in wastewater effluent. Most of the plants studied were activated sludge, with 6 being lagoon systems. After the treatment process, the remaining PFAS compounds are separated into sludge and effluent. This separation is due to the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of various species of PFAS. The hydrophobic long-chain PFAS compounds are attracted to sludge as they are repelled by water, while the hydrophilic short-chain PFAS compounds are attracted to water and remain in the effluent. This study will aim to analyze the WWTP influent and effluent PFAS concentration data for the state of New Hampshire taken in 2017 for how different biological treatment methods impact removal of seventeen PFAS compounds. The data will also be compared to the Great Bay dataset collected by Ellie Tavasoli to determine whether the data patterns agree. There is no overlap in treatment plants observed between the two data sets. 1.3.Research Questions: 1. Do the New Hampshire WWTPs show a pattern of increasing PFAS concentrations from influent to effluent? Are there any noticeable patterns/trends in the data? 2. How does removal for different PFAS species differ based on the biological treatment method used? How do variations effect the removal (leachate, seasons, etc.)? 3. How do the trends in the New Hampshire data compare to the Great Bay data collected by Ellie Tavasoli? Do they agree? 1.4. Approach: Information will be collected from each of the state surveyed plants to determine the biological treatment process used at each plant to be used in the analysis. Once compiled, the data will be analyzed and compared to assess whether certain treatment processes may influence the PFAS removal between sites and how that will impact the effluent PFAS concentrations. The operators of each of the state WWTPs will need to be contacted in order to learn what biological process each plant is using. Once the treatment processes are known, the state dataset will be able to be grouped and analyzed for PFAS removal by treatment process and PFAS species. 1.5. Expected Outcome: It is expected that there will be noticeable patterns in the state dataset, such as an increase in PFAS concentrations from influent to effluent, and that they will be similar to those seen in the Great Bay. It is also expected that different processes will impact different PFAS compounds, and that that process will be affected based on factors like leachate acceptation and time of year sampled